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    Pns and Cns

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    jlcanja5
    The document reports on the divisions and sub-divisions of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which includes the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement and sensation, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Neurons transmit signals within and between these systems, for example motor neurons move the hand in response to a hot stove, or sympathetic neurons increase heart rate during stress. Understanding these neuronal interactions and divisions is important for comprehending human physiology.

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    Pns and Cns

    Uploaded by

    jlcanja5
    34 views3 pages
    The document reports on the divisions and sub-divisions of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which includes the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement and sensation, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Neurons transmit signals within and between these systems, for example motor neurons move the hand in response to a hot stove, or sympathetic neurons increase heart rate during stress. Understanding these neuronal interactions and divisions is important for comprehending human physiology.

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    The document reports on the divisions and sub-divisions of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which includes the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement and sensation, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Neurons transmit signals within and between these systems, for example motor neurons move the hand in response to a hot stove, or sympathetic neurons increase heart rate during stress. Understanding these neuronal interactions and divisions is important for comprehending human physiology.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    34 views3 pages

    Pns and Cns

    Uploaded by

    jlcanja5
    The document reports on the divisions and sub-divisions of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which includes the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement and sensation, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Neurons transmit signals within and between these systems, for example motor neurons move the hand in response to a hot stove, or sympathetic neurons increase heart rate during stress. Understanding these neuronal interactions and divisions is important for comprehending human physiology.

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    of 3

    Report on Divisions and Sub-divisions of the

    Nervous System
    Introduction

    The nervous system is a complex network responsible for coordinating and regulating the body's
    responses to internal and external stimuli. It can be broadly classified into the central nervous
    system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), each comprising specific divisions and sub-
    divisions.

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord. It serves as the control center for the entire
    nervous system, processing information and initiating responses.

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    The PNS can be further categorized into the somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system,
    and the enteric nervous system.

    Somatic Nervous System

    This division is responsible for voluntary movement and the perception of external stimuli. It
    comprises sensory (afferent) neurons that transmit sensory information to the CNS and motor
    (efferent) neurons that convey motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.

    Autonomic Nervous System

    The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions and is divided into the
    sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

    Sympathetic Nervous System: Initiates the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate,
    dilating pupils, and releasing adrenaline in response to stress or danger.
    Parasympathetic Nervous System: Promotes the "rest and digest" response, slowing heart rate,
    constricting pupils, and stimulating digestion during periods of relaxation.

    Enteric Nervous System


    This intricate system of neurons independently controls the gastrointestinal system, regulating
    processes such as digestion and peristalsis.

    Neurons in Action

    To illustrate the functionality of these divisions and sub-divisions, consider the following examples
    involving neurons:

    Central Nervous System (CNS): When a person decides to move their hand, the command
    originates in the brain, where groups of neurons communicate, formulating the decision, and
    then send signals down the spinal cord to the muscles in the hand.
    Somatic Nervous System: When an individual touches a hot stove, sensory neurons in the skin
    send signals to the spinal cord and brain, prompting a quick motor response to withdraw the
    hand, facilitated by motor neurons.
    Autonomic Nervous System: In response to a stressful situation, such as a near accident while
    driving, the sympathetic nervous system activates specific neurons to increase heart rate and
    dilate pupils in preparation for action. Conversely, after a meal, the parasympathetic nervous
    system stimulates digestion through the activity of specialized neurons.
    Enteric Nervous System: This system controls the peristalsis of the digestive system through
    the coordinated activity of enteric neurons, aiding in the movement of food through the
    digestive tract.

    Summary and Importance of Understanding Neurons

    Understanding the role of neurons in the nervous system is essential for comprehending the
    complexities of human physiology. Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system,
    responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals, and their coordinated activity
    underpins all functions of the nervous system. By understanding how neurons function within the
    different divisions and sub-divisions of the nervous system, we gain insights into the intricate
    mechanisms underlying sensory perception, movement, and autonomic regulation. This
    knowledge is crucial for advancing medical treatments, developing interventions for neurological
    disorders, and enhancing overall well-being.

    Conclusion

    The nervous system's divisions and sub-divisions, along with the intricate interactions of various
    types of neurons, work synergistically to regulate and coordinate a wide range of bodily functions
    and responses. Understanding these divisions and the role of neurons is crucial for comprehending
    the complexities of human physiology and the intricate mechanisms underlying sensory
    perception, movement, and autonomic regulation.

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