CHAPTER

DATABASES AND
5 DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

KEYWORDS LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• Database In this chapter, you will learn about:
• DBMS • Database and its significance;
• Spreadsheets • Database management system and its key
components;
• Worksheets
• Use of spreadsheets;
• Hierarchical database
• Benefits and limitations of database
• Flat database
management system.
• Object-oriented
database
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

• Data manipulation
language
• Query processor

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 84 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

5.1. WHAT IS A DATABASE?

A database may be defined as the collection of the concurrent data.
This connected data is generally used to represent the real and practical
world in some or other way. The main aim of the creation of database
is to perform a particular task and control and save the data connected
to that task.
In basic terms, a database is a form of well-structured set of data
that is held or stored in a computer or a computer server. The main
aspect of a database is the structured form. The database should contain
the set of data only in the form that is properly structured. A structured
data is well-organized and easy to handle in many ways. The main
benefit of the structured form of the data is that it is understandable to
the computers and humans also. It is easy for the computer system and
the human beings to understand the structured form of data (Figure
5.1).
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

Figure 5.1. Creation of the databases is important in the modern world.

Source: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/08/17/21/42/comput-
ers-2653005_960_720.jpg

For instance, there will be no result if the input is given in the

form of “5 5 =SUM (A1:B1)” to a word processing engine. This kind
of input will make the data hard to process for the system. So, there
Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 85

are different methods for processing this kind of

data. One of these methods is the usage of the
spreadsheet software.
Spreadsheet
For example, if the spreadsheet is used, and software is a soft-
the input is given in the form of “5” in the cells ware application
A1 and B1, and the other function is represented capable of
organizing, storing
in the form of “=SUM(A1:B1)” in cell C1, and analyzing data
then the system will be able to understand the in tabular form.
intentions of the user and can finally process the
data. Thus, the spreadsheet software will apply
the formula in the cell C1 and will eventually
calculate the sum of 5 and 5. In return, the
answer will be received as 10.
Spreadsheets are a type of database in which
the data is contained by workbooks. Workbooks
consist of one or more worksheets. Data is
arranged into columns and rows of cells inside
the worksheets. This is known as organization.
Spreadsheets are databases.
Database is defined as the collection of
electronic records. These electronic records
are processed to produce useful and relevant
information. The data can be accessed, modified,
managed, controlled, and organized in order to
perform various data-processing operations
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

(Figure 5.2).

Figure 5.2: Databases have provided a very easy

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 86 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

and reliable usage of the consolidates data across the

world.
Source: https://farm4.static.flickr.
com/3560/3332644561_c9d5041d02.jpg

Classically the data is indexed in between

the rows, columns, and tables. This makes the
workload processing and data querying efficient.
There exist different kinds of databases. These
are Object-oriented, Relational, Distributed,
Hierarchical, Network, and others.
In the case of enterprise applications,
databases comprise of the mission-critical,
security-sensitive, and compliance-focused
record items. These items involve very
complicated logical relationships with other
datasets, and it also grows exponentially over
time as the user base increases.

5.2. DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM (DBMS)
Database Management System (DBMS) is
referred to the technology solution that is
used to improve and manage the storage and
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

recovery of data from databases. DBMS offers

a systematic approach. This approach is used to
manage the databases through an interface for
users as well as workloads that is accessing the
databases through the apps (Figure 5.3).

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 87

Figure 5.3: It is very important to have an efficient

and effective database management system (DBMS).
Source: https://www.army.mil/e2/c/imag-
es/2017/10/12/495297/size0.jpg

The management responsibilities for DBMS

comprise of the information inside the databases.
There are various processes that are applied
to databases such as access and modification.
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

This also includes the logical structure of the Change manage-

database. ment is a systematic
approach to dealing
DBMS performs various several numbers with the transition
of functions. DBMS that is DBMS also enables or transformation
the additional administrative operations. These of an organization’s
operations are such as change management, goals, processes or
disaster recovery, compliance, and performance technologies.
monitoring, among others.
A DBMS accepts the instruction from
a database administrator that is DBA. And
therefore, provides the instructions to the system

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 88 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

to make the required changes. These commands

can be used to load, retrieve, or modify the
current data from the system.
Of course, a DBMS must perform extra
work in order to provide these benefits, in that
way bringing with it the overhead. A DBMS
will use more memory and CPU as compared
to a simple file storage system. In addition to it,
different kinds of DBMS will need the different
varieties and levels of system resources.

5.2.1. Types of Database Management

System (DBMS)
A DBMS is a system that always delivers data
independence. Any kind of change in storage
mechanism and formats are done without
changing the complete application. There exist
four primary kind of database organization.
These are relational database, flat database,
object-oriented database, Hierarchical Database.
1. Relational Database: Data is pre-
pared in the form of the independent
tables which are logically proven.
The relationships that are between
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

the tables are depicted through

Referential in- shared data. The data that is avail-
tegrity refers to
able in one table may reference simi-
the accuracy and
consistency of data lar to the data in other tables.
within a relationship. This maintains the integrity of the
In relationships, data connections among them. This feature is stated
is linked between two as referential integrity. And this is an important
or more tables.
concept in a relational database system. There
exist operations such as “select” and “join”
that can be performed on these tables. This is
the most extensively used system of database
organization.
Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 89

2. Flat Database: Data is organized in

a single variety of record which con-
sists of a fixed number of fields. This
kind of database encounters more er-
rors or faults because of the repeti-
tive nature of data.
3. Object-Oriented Database: In
this type of database, the data is or-
ganized, which is similar to that of
the object-oriented programming
concepts. An object comprises of
the data and methods, although the
classes group objects contains the
data and methods which are alike in
nature.
4. Hierarchical Database: The hier-
archical structure of relationships is
used to prepare the data in this type
of database. In case the one-to-many
connection is violated; this becomes
a complex network.
DBMS is software that is used for storing
and retrieving the information of the user. This
is done by considering the suitable security
measures. It also permits the users to create
their own databases according to the needs of
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

the users.
It comprises of a collection of programs.
These programs manipulate the database and
provide an interface between the databases. It
consists of the user of the database and the other
application programs. The DBMS that agree to
take the request for data from the application and
also, instructs the operating system to provide
the specific data. In large systems, a DBMS also
helps the users and the other third-party software
to stock and recover data.

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 90 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

5.3. KEY COMPONENTS OF DATA-

BASE MANAGEMENT
There are many different components that are
very important for the proper functioning of
the DBMS. Even if one of these components is
missing, then it is likely impossible for a DBMS
to function properly and deliver the required
results (Figure 5.4).

Figure 5.4: There are many significant components

in the database management system (DBMS).
Source: https://c.pxhere.com/photos/82/8f/data-
center_servers_computers-1241325.jpg!d
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

The major components of DBMS are:

• Software: DBMS is majorly a
profound software system which is
generally considered as the control
system of the management console.
Along with this, the software in the
DBMS also acts as an interface that
interacts or connects with the various
databases and helps in managing
different databases.

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 91

The process of creating an interface also

expands across the physical systems of the real
world. The creation of interface in the software Networking
of the DBMS helps in contributing the data to the software is a
databases that help in managing the backend. The foundational element
for any network. It
Operating system, the networking software, helps administrators
and the infrastructure of the hardware helps in deploy, manage and
producing, creating an access, managing, and monitor a network.
profound processing of the databases.
• Data: DBMS usually includes the
processing of the operational data,
using the access to the records of the
databases and using the metadata as
the resource to complete and perform
the necessary functions that are
required for obtaining a proper result.
The data might contain some files, such as the
index files, the information of the administration
and some data dictionaries that could be used
to represent the directions of the data flows,
the ownership of the module, the structure and
relationships that might refer to some other
records or objects.
• Procedures of the DBMS: The
procedures are not the actual parts of
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

the DBMS. Still, the procedures are

usually considered as the commands
or instructions that can be used on
DBMS.
There are many documented and pre-
defined guidelines and rules that help or assist
the users in completing the design, perform the
modification, creating the management, and
processing the already created databases.
• Database Languages: These are
those components of the DBMS that

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 92 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

are used to reach, alter, stack, and

recover the data components that
are connected to different databases.
Apart from the already mentioned
usage of the Database Languages,
these Database Languages are used
to specify the different schemes of
the databases create a control user
access and help in performing the
other linked database management
operations.
There are different types of the DBMS
languages consist of the Data Definition
Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language
(DML), Database Access Language (DAL) and
Data Control Language (DCL).
• Query Processor: This is the
fundamental unit of the DBMS. The
Structured
Query Lan-
Query Processor generally plays the
guage is a standard role of the intermediary link between
Database lan- the users and the DBMS data engine.
guage which is used This is done in order to create a link
to create, maintain or communicate the query requests
and retrieve the
relational database.
that are raised from the user end.
When the users enter any command or
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

instruction in the Structured Query Language

(known as SQL), the entered command is usually
processed and executed from the command
stored in a high-level language to a command in
the low-level language.
This takes place so that the basic machine
can comprehend and execute to process the
appropriate functionality of the DBMS. Along
with the analysis of the commands given and
the translation of those commands, the Query
Processor is also used to optimize the queries

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 93

and ensures a faster and hassle-free processing

accompanied by the more accurate results.
1. Runtime Database Manager: It
is management component of the
DBMS that is centralized. This
component is good at handling the
functionality that is connected with
the runtime data. The runtime data
is usually utilized for the context-
based database access. The Runtime
Database Manager is a component
that checks for the authorization of
the user to request a query. After
the request of the query, it helps in
processing of the queries that is ap-
proved by the system. After the pro-
cessing of the approved queries, the
Runtime Database manager helps
in formulating an optimal policy or
strategy that is suitable for the ex-
ecution of the query. The Runtime
Database manager also supports the
concurrency of the database so that
it is convenient for the multiple us-
ers to simultaneously perform their
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

functions and work on same data-

bases. Apart from this, the Runtime
Database Manager ensures that the
integrity of data is maintained and
recorded into the databases.
2. Database Manager: This compo-
nent of the DBMS is somewhat dif-
ferent to the runtime database manag-
er. The Runtime Database Manager
handles the queries and the data at
the runtime. On the other hand, the
role of the Database Manager is to

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 94 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

perform the DBMS the functionality

that is connected with the data that is
contained within the databases. The
database manager paves a way to
the set of the certain commands and
iterations to execute the different
DBMS operations. These operations
consist of creating, erasing, forming
Database Mainte-
nance is a term we
a backup, restore, creating a clone
use to describe a set and some other tasks of database
of tasks that are all maintenance. In fact, the database
run with the intention manager also finds its usage in per-
to improve your da- forming the tasks like to update the
tabase.
existing database that works with the
patches from vendors.
3. Database Engine: It is the core com-
ponent of the software division. This
component exists within the DBMS
that presents a solution that helps in
performing the core functions that
are connected with the functions of
data storage and retrieval. Moreover,
a database engine has the facility of
accessing the database with the help
of APIs. The use of APIs allows the
users or the connected apps to pro-
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

duce, read, write, and erase the re-

cords that exist in the databases.
4. Reporting: The report generator is
one of the crucial components that
play an important role in the execu-
tion of the functions of the DBMS.
The Report Generator helps in ex-
tracting the crucial and useful infor-
mation from the files of the DBMS.
Moreover, it helps in displaying the
extracted information in a structured

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 95

format. This structured format is

generally based on the specifications
that are defined by the user. The ex-
tracted information can be used for
performing further functions like the
analysis, decision making, or busi-
ness intelligence.

5.4. ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)
There are several numbers of benefits of the
DBMS. Some of these are:
1. Improved Data Sharing: One of
the advantages of the DBMS helps
to make an environment which helps
the end users to have better access to
more and well-organized informa-
tion.
Much better access to the users makes it
possible for the end users to reply rapidly to the
changes in their environment. DBMS also helps
in quick and well-organized collaboration or
associations between the users (Figure 5.5).
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

Figure 5.5: There is an urgent need to improvise

the data sharing in the database management system
(DBMS).

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 96 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

Source: https://c.pxhere.com/images/15/ea/873
bd493109f0639579f28271a52-1443899.jpg!d

2. Improved Data Security: DBMS

helps in the privacy of the data and
the other security rules. The more
the end users access the data, the
more is the risks of data security
breaches. Businesses invest signifi-
cant amounts of their time, effort,
and money to guarantee that the data
of the business are used in a proper
manner.
Confidential- A DBMS provides a basis for better
ity refers to enforcement of data confidentiality and the
protecting
safety policies. DBMS permits the organizations
information from
being accessed to carry out the policies that enable compliance
by unauthorized and security. The databases are made available
parties. for suitable users according to the organizational
policies.
3. Better Data Integration: The wide-
spread access of the end users to
well-managed data helps in promot-
ing an integrated view of the func-
tions of the organization, and it also
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

promotes a clearer sight of the big

picture. It becomes much easier to
see how the actions in one segment
of the company influence the other
segments.
4. Minimized Data Inconsistency:
The variation or the inconsistency of
the data exists when the dissimilar
versions of the same data appear in
the dissimilar places.
For instance, the variation in the data exists
when a sales department of the company stores

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 97

the name of the sales representative’s as “Bill

Brown” and on the other hand, the personnel
department of the company stores that same
person’s name as “William G. Brown,” or when
the regional sales office of the company shows
the price of a product as 45.95 US dollars and its
national sales office shows the prices of the same
product as 43.95 US dollars. The possibility
of data inconsistency is greatly decreased in a
correctly designed database.
5. Improved Data Access: The DBMS
makes it possible to make fast re-
sponse to ad hoc queries. From a
database perception, a query is a
specific request that is issued to the
DBMS for the manipulation of the
data. For instance, to recite or update
the data. It is to be noted that a query
is a question, and on the other hand,
an ad hoc query is a spur-of-the-mo-
ment or the unplanned question.
The DBMS sends back the reply, which is called
the query result set to the application. For in-
stance, the end users, while dealing with large
amounts of sales data, might need the quick re-
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

ply to several numbers of questions or ad hoc

queries.
6. Improved Decision Making: The
well-organized data and the better-
quality data access make it possible
to produce the better-quality infor-
mation. The best decisions are based
on this better-quality information.
The quality of the information that
is produced rest on the quality of the
underlying data.
Data quality is a wide-ranging approach that

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 98 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

helps in promoting the correctness, validity, and

timeliness of the data. While on the other hand,
the DBMS does not assure the data quality.
DBMS provides a basis to facilitate data quality
initiatives.
7. Increased End-User Productiv-
ity: The availability of data is united
with the tools that convert data into
usable information. It also allows the
end users to make quick, up-to-date
decisions that can make the differ-
ence in between the success and fail-
ure in the worldwide economy.
The DBMS is also accountable for the preser-
vation of the optimum performance of querying
operations while confirming the validity, secu-
rity, and consistency of data items that are up-
dated to a database.
8. Abstraction and Independence:
Logical schema is Organizations can make the modifi-
a data model of a cations in the physical schema of da-
specific problem tabase systems without needing the
domain expressed modifications to the logical schema
independently of a
that rule the relations of the database.
particular database
management product As a result of this, the organizations can do
the advancements of the storage and scale the
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

or storage technology
(physical data model) infrastructure without influencing the database
but in terms of data operations. In the same way, changes to the
structures such as
logical schema can be done without changing
relational tables and
columns, object- the apps and services that access the databases.
oriented classes, or
XML tags.
5.5. DISADVANTAGE OF DATA-
BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(DBMS)
DBMS can have a plenty of advantages but,

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 99

there are certain flaws that exist in the system

of the DBMS. Although in the modern world
and with the development of technology, the DBMS is a software
database system results in a considerable package designed to
number of advantages over the data management define, manipulate,
approaches that were previously used, the retrieve and manage
data in a database.
database systems have a significant number of
disadvantages.
The major disadvantages of the DBMS are:
1. Increased Costs: One of the major
disadvantages that are being reflect-
ed through the usage of the DBMS
is that the database systems usually
require highly sophisticated com-
ponents of hardware and software.
Along with highly sophisticated
hardware and software components,
it is also very important to have
highly skilled personnel to use this
kind of DBMS and perform the re-
quired tasks.
Along with the installation of the sophisticated
hardware and software components, the average
cost of the maintenance of the hardware, the
software, and the salary or the expenses for
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

the personnel that are required to operate and

manage a database system can prove out to be
very huge. Other than the maintenance, the cost
incurred in the training, licensing, and regulation
compliance of the DBMS are often missed
while the installation and implementation of the
database systems is done (Figure 5.6).

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 100 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

Figure 5.6: The modern databases incur a very high

cost.
Source: https://cdn.pixabay.com/
photo/2017/07/23/13/05/big-da-
ta-2531363_960_720.jpg

2. Management Complexity: Another

issue with the DBMS is that it con-
nects or interfaces with many differ-
ent technologies. This diversity in
the technologies used has an impor-
tant effect on the resources and cul-
ture of the company.
The alterations that are introduced by the
inclusion and implementation of the database
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

system needs to be properly managed. This

ensures that there is a help that promotes the
objectives of the company. Given the fact that
database systems hold crucial company data
that are accessed from multiple sources, security
issues must be assessed constantly.
3. Maintaining Currency: It is very
important to maximize the efficiency
of the database system. For this, it is
required to keep the system up-to-
date.

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 101

The database technology evolves and

advances at so rapid rate that the cost incurred in
the personnel training turn out to be significant.
Also, the vendor dependence ruins the whole
cost maintenance of the DBMS. Given the
heavy investment in technology and personnel
training, companies might be reluctant to change
database vendors.
As a consequence, vendors are less likely
to offer pricing point advantages to existing
customers, and those customers might be limited
in their choice of database system components.
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 102 Introduction to Computer Information Systems

REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What are Databases?
2. Explain the different types of Databases.
3. What is the difference between Database and Database
Management System?
4. What are the various components of Database Manage-
ment System?
5. What are the different types of Database Management Sys-
tem?
6. How is spreadsheet a kind of Database?
7. What is the need of the creation of the Database Manage-
ment System?
8. What is the difference between the Runtime Database
Manager and Query Processor?
9. Explain the advantages of the Database Management Sys-
tem.
10. What are the different disadvantages of the Database Man-
agement System?
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
 Databases and Database Management System 103

REFERENCES
1. Guru99.com. (2019). What is DBMS? Application, Types,
Example, Advantages, Disadvantages. [online] Available at:
https://www.guru99.com/what-is-dbms.html (Accessed on 16
May 2019).
2. Myreadingroom.co.in., (2019). What is DBMS? Advan-
tages and Disadvantages of Database Management System
(DBMS). [online] Available at: http://www.myreadingroom.
co.in/notes-and-studymaterial/65-dbms/462-advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-dbms.html (Accessed on 16 May 2019).
3. Raza, M., (2018). Introduction to Database Management Sys-
tems (DBMS). [online] BMC blogs. Available at: https://www.
bmc.com/blogs/dbms-database-management-systems/ (Ac-
cessed on 16 May 2019).
4. Search SQL server, (2000). What is a Database Manage-
ment System (DBMS)? – Definition from WhatIs.com. [online]
Available at: https://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/
database-management-system (Accessed on 16 May 2019).
5. Sharma, L., (2018). What is Data, Database and Database
Management System? [online] TOOLSQA. Available at:
https://www.toolsqa.com/sql/data-database-and-database-
management-system/ (Accessed on 16 May 2019).
6. Tweedie, M., (2018). Types of Database and DBMS: Examples
and Use—Cases. [online] Codebots. Available at: https://co-
debots.com/data-management/types-of-databases-and-dbms-
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

with-examples (Accessed on 16 May 2019).

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.
Copyright © 2019. Arcler Press. All rights reserved.

Panwar, Suraj Singh. Introduction to Computer Information Systems, Arcler Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/UNICAF/detail.action?docID=5989591.
Created from UNICAF on 2020-11-20 06:57:41.