Chapter 2
FREEDOM AS FOUNDATION FOR MORAL
ACTS
PREPARED BY GROUP 1
KANT’S
PHILOSOPHY The capacity to exert
control over one’s
ON FREEDOM behavior based on
reason rather than
desire.
“Autonomy”- derived
from a Greek word
“self-legislator”.
IMMANUEL KANT’S
PHILOSOPHY ON
FREEDOM
KANT’S
PHILOSOPHY ON
FREEDOM
Rights to choose one’s conduct based on reason,
not desire.
Abide by the rules they follow.
Limited independence due to the choice of
others. Coexistent with each other’s freedom
under universal rule.
KANT’S
PHILOSOPHY ON
FREEDOM
Equality is the first and foremost among the
various freedoms and freedom is the only
inherent power.
Autonomous right of the people to be happy in
their own way intervention of another’s
freedom exemplifies forcing others to be happy.
KANT’S Foundation for Kant's
Ethical Philosophy;
PHILOSOPHY Reason is utilized to
determine how an
ON individual would behave.
MORALITY People use reason to
choose how they should
behave instead of
recommendations.
Goodwill
A.INTEGRITY The only virtue that is
unquestionably desirable
AND DUTY Never fails and upholds
moral principles
A common moral idea that
openly seeks to exploit
certain virtues for moral
ends.
Failing to fulfill
categorical imperative
B.COMPLETE will either cause a
AND contradiction of
conception or
INCORRECT contradiction of will.
Ideal obligation is always
DUTIES correct.
Flexibility is required for
imperfect responsibility
Unconditionally
issues a categorical
imperative order.
C.CATALOUGE Regardless of our
IMPERATIVE intentions or desires,
we are bound by a
categorical
imperative since it is
everyone’s duty to
tell the truth even
when it is not in our
best benefit to do so.
D.UNIVERSABILITY
Any action taken is
based on a maxim or
a principle.
According to Kant,
an action is only
lawful if it is possible
to have the principle
that makes it the
standard by which
everyone else
behaves.
Act in a way that
treats humanity,
E.HUMANITY whether it in be your
AS A MAIN own person or
another’s, always at
GOAL the same times as an
end and never only
as a means.
Second Intepretation
of Kant’s Categorical
Imperative.
KANT OUTLINES
FIVE MORAL
THEORIES IN HIS
WRITINGS
1.
He thought goodwill and doing what's right are special
because they help us follow moral rules. Goodwill is
more about having the right intentions than just
following rules. Doing good because you should is
important, but Kant believed actions done with
genuine motivation are even better.
2.
Kant separates two types of duties: perfect and
imperfect ones. Perfect duties, like telling the truth,
are always important and take priority over others.
In contrast, imperfect duties, like helping others, are
optional but still valuable.
3.
Kant differentiated between two types of imperatives: categorical and
hypothetical. The categorical imperative is an unconditional moral
guideline applicable to all individuals, independent of their goals or
objectives. It emphasizes actions that should be taken without being
influenced by personal desires. On the other hand, the hypothetical
imperative is a rule of conduct based on pursuing a specific goal, where
actions are determined by an individual's desires and the means to achieve
their objectives. In summary, the categorical imperative is independent of
desires, while the hypothetical imperative is goal-oriented and desire-
driven.
4.
Kant also introduced the concept of universalizability, which
means that an action is considered acceptable if it can be
applied consistently to everyone, without any inconsistencies.
This principle emphasizes that everyone, including criminals,
should face consequences without regard to their social or
economic status, ensuring fairness under the law.
5.
The concept of humanity as a goal, as per Kant, means every
individual possesses inherent value independent of their actions or
impact on others. It highlights the significance of respecting and
valuing people for their existence alone. Examples include
volunteering, treating strangers kindly, and opposing injustice, all of
which emphasize the importance of recognizing and upholding the
inherent worth of each person.
GROUP 1:
Calip, Nyewone Angel
Gulmatico, Emmjay
Martin,France Reiven
Rongap, Ronan
