SIP/2009-WP/7

Business case

Global ATM System

~Interoperability and
Harmonization ~
H.V. SUDARSHAN, Technical Officer
International Civil Aviation Organization

Workshop on the Development of Business Case

for the Implementation of CNS/ATM Systems
(Antigua, 25-29 May 2009)
 Presentation Outline
¾ Vision and dream
¾ Interoperability, Harmonization
and Seamlessness
¾ Why do we need to Harmonize
¾ Approach to Harmonization
¾ Global tasks for interoperability
and Harmonization
¾ Examples of Harmonization
2
 ICAO – Vision Statement for
Global ATM system
¾ To foster the implementation of an
interoperable global air traffic management
system for all users during all phases of flight
that:
ƒ meets agreed levels of safety
ƒ provides for optimum economic operations
ƒ is environmentally sustainable
ƒ meets national security requirements.

3
 Dream

A single set of avionics for

seamlessness across States
and regions

44
 Reality
ƒ Systems are country specific
ƒ Stand-alone (high diversity,
different protocols)
ƒ Lack similar functionalities
ƒ No standard interfaces

ƒ Thus resulting in
• set of “island” solutions
• incoherent ATC systems
55
 Interoperability,
harmonization and seamlessness
¾ Interoperability: ability to transfer information
or effect functionality across any discontinuity to
enable operations
ƒ Achieved through common standards, designs
and procedures
¾ Harmonization: Accord or agreement for a
consistent and orderly implementation of
systems/procedures
ƒ Achieved through common timing or
appropriate tools
¾ Interoperability and harmonization results in 6
 Why do we need harmonization? …
¾ CNS/ATM systems have
ƒ number of operational options
• RNP, horizontal and vertical separation
standards
ƒ number of technical options
• data links, GNSS augmentation systems
ƒ number of organizational options
• different service providers ( global, regional,
subregional/multinational and national)
(1/2) 7
 Why do we need harmonization?

¾ CNS/ATM systems have

ƒ different timings in implementation
ƒ different levels of implementation
ƒ different methods of financing and cost
recovery

(2/2) 8
 What to harmonize?
¾ Between current air navigation systems and
CNS/ATM systems
ƒ Operational procedures
ƒ Technical systems
ƒ Institutional format

¾ Amongst CNS/ATM systems

ƒ Operational procedures
ƒ Technical systems
ƒ Institutional format
9
Harmonization of air navigation systems
Methods
¾ Systems approach
ƒ ATM
ƒ Communications
ƒ Navigation
ƒ Surveillance

¾ Major traffic flow approach

ƒ ATM objectives
ƒ ATM requirements for communications,
navigation and surveillance
10
 Approach to harmonization of
air navigation systems
A framework

New systems
Determine List major Identify the Identify
Define ANS traffic flows or
harmonization air navigation interface
partner Homogeneous
area for ANS infrastructure issues
ATM area
Current systems

Amongst
new systems
Resolve Align timelines/ Results in
Take follow-up
interface apply harmonized
action to implement
issues harmonization air navigation
Between harmonized plan
tools systems
current and
new systems

11
Air navigation systems partners
¾ States
ƒ ANS service providers
¾ Subregional groups
¾ Regional groups
¾ Airspace users
¾ International Service providers
¾ Manufacturers

12
 Interface areas
for air navigation systems
¾ Within the area
ƒ State
ƒ Subregion
ƒ Region

¾ Across the area

ƒ Inter-State
ƒ Inter-subregion
ƒ Inter-region

13
 Homogeneous ATM areas
and major traffic flows
Homogeneous ATM area
An airspace with a common ATM interest
based on similar characteristics of traffic
density, complexity, air navigation
infrastructure requirements or other
specified considerations, wherein a common
detailed plan fosters the implementation of
interoperable CNS/ATM systems
14
 Homogeneous ATM areas
and major traffic flows
Major traffic flows

Major traffic flow: A concentration of

significant volumes of air traffic on the same
or proximate flight trajectories.
Note: Major traffic flows may cross several
homogeneous ATM areas with different
characteristics
Routing area: A defined area encompassing
one or more major traffic flows
15
Selecting homogeneous ATM
areas and major traffic flows

¾ Identify major traffic flows

ƒ Within a State/Subregion/
Region/interregional

¾ Identify homogeneous ATM area

16
Air navigation systems infrastructure
¾Present
ƒ Take stock of the current inventory of
technical systems and operational
procedures

¾New
ƒ Take into account what is being
planned in terms of technical systems
and operational procedures
17
Infrastructure – Current systems
¾ Air traffic management
ƒ ATS Route structure
ƒ Separation standards
ƒ Airspace reservation
ƒ ATC procedures
ƒ Flow management

¾ Communications/navigation/surveillance
ƒ Data and voice communications
ƒ En-route, approach and landing aids
ƒ Primary and secondary radars

18
 Infrastructure – New systems
Communication Navigation Surveillance Air Traffic Management
Data GNSS SSR ASM
•VHF • GPS • Modes • Airspace organization
•HF • GLONASS A/C ATS Route structure
•Mode S • GALILEO* • Mode S • Airspace management
•Satellite Flexible use of airspace
• ATN Augmentation ADS-C
• ABAS • VHF ATS: Conflict management
Voice • GBAS • HF • Air Traffic Control
•VHF • SBAS • Satellite • RHSM and RVSM
•Satellite • Search and Rescue
• HF VOIP DME/DME ADS-B • Decision support systems

MLAT ATFM
• Demand and capacity
balancing
*emerging systems • Traffic synchronization 19
 Interface issues
¾ Between current air navigation systems and
CNS/ATM systems
ƒ Operational procedures
ƒ Technical systems
ƒ Institutional format

¾ Amongst CNS/ATM systems

ƒ Operational procedures
ƒ Technical systems
ƒ Institutional format

20
 Interface issues – between current
and new air navigation systems
¾ Operational procedures
ƒ Reserved and flexible use of airspace
ƒ Non RNP and RNP environment
ƒ Non RVSM and RVSM environment

¾ Technical systems
ƒ ACARS and VDL air/ground data communications
ƒ Analog and digital voice communications
ƒ Ground-based and satellite-based navigation aids
ƒ Different geodetic reference systems
ƒ Radar and ADS-C/ADS-B
21
 Interface issues – amongst
CNS/ATM systems
Communications/Navigation/Surveillance
¾Different air/ground data links
(HFDL, AMSS, SSR Mode S and VDL Mode 2)
¾Different GNSS augmentation systems
(SBAS and GBAS)
¾Different satellite constellations
(GPS, GLONASS and *Galileo)
¾Different surveillance systems
(primary radars, secondary radars, ADS-C and ADS-B)
» * Emerging systems
22
 Interface issues – amongst
CNS/ATM systems
Air traffic management

¾ Operational procedures
ƒ Different RNP environments
ƒ Different Regional airspace safety
performance monitoring structure
ƒ Different operational approvals for RNP
ƒ ???

23
 Resolution of interface issues
Mechanism
LEVEL MECHANISM
National States

Subregional Subregional Groups

Regional Planning & Implementation Regional

Groups
Interregional/ Interregional interface meetings and
Global ALLPIRG
24
 Application of interface tools
Between current and new air navigation systems

¾ Align implementation timelines

¾ Apply harmonization tools
ƒ VHF data analog/digital: Message processor/dual
stack
ƒ VHF voice analog/digital: Multi-mode radio
ƒ ILS/MLS/GNSS: Multi-mode receiver
ƒ PSR/SSR Mode S/ ADS-C and ADS-B:
Integrated ATC work station
ƒ ATC procedures to respond to different
requirements
25
 Application of interface tools
Amongst CNS/ATM systems

¾ Align implementation timelines

¾ Apply harmonization tools
ƒ VHF data/AMSS/HF/SSR Mode S: ATN
ƒ GPS/GLONASS/*GALILEO: integrated GNSS receiver
ƒ WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS/GAGAN:Interoperability SARPs
ƒ SBAS/GBAS:integrated GNSS receiver
ƒ SSR Mode S/ ADS-A/ADS-B: Integrated ATC work
station
ƒ ATC Procedures to respond different requirements

* Emerging systems
26
 Follow-up tasks
¾ Decide on the new timeframe as a consequence of
aligning the implementation timelines
¾ Plan for implementing the appropriate
harmonization tools
¾ Incorporate the relevant changes in the regional
air navigation plan (ANP)
¾ Present the revised regional ANP to the respective
PIRG meeting for its concurrence

27
Interoperability and Harmonization
of air navigation systems
Benefits

¾ Seamlessness
¾ Cost-effectiveness
¾ Easy migration path
¾ Enhanced safety

Resulting in an integrated
global air traffic management system

28
 Interoperability and Harmonization
issues being addressed by ICAO …

Issue Current Status

Additional guidance Guidance on the RNP 10/RNP 4
material on the RNP approval process has been provided.
operational approvals Development of guidance material for
process for each RNP other RNP approval is in progress
types is required
Provisions and Development completed and released
guidance material for by ICAO as an amendment to chart
annotation of RNP manual
requirements
on aeronautical charts
(1/6) 29
 Interoperability and Harmonization
issues being addressed by ICAO …
Issue Current Status
Combined GNSS SARPs for combined GPS/GLONASS
receiver to integrate receiver have been developed; Issues
signals from different associated with combined use of GPS
constellations and Galileo are under consideration
by the NSP of ICAO
Harmonization of SARPs for SBAS have been
different satellite-based developed; SBAS interface issues are
augmentation systems being addressed by NSP of ICAO and
for GNSS the Interoperability Working Group,
(WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS/ which is comprised of SBAS service
GAGAN) providers.
(2/6) 30
 Interoperability and Harmonization
issues being addressed by ICAO …
Issue Current Status
Development of an The ATM operational concept as
operational concept developed by ATMC Panel was
of air traffic approved by ICAO
management
Development of an SASP of ICAO has developed a new
uniform standard chapter
for use by States in “ Aircraft requirements and approvals”,
certification of and included in the Second edition of
aircraft for RVSM RVSM Manual ( Doc 9564)
operation

(3/6) 31
 Interoperability and Harmonization
issues being addressed by ICAO …

Issue Current Status

ATS route
planning and Being addressed as part of the work
implementation programme of interregional
between regions coordination meetings by ICAO
Harmonization of Regional offices and PIRGs
procedures for
transition from
RVSM levels to
non-RVSM levels
(4/6) 32
 Interoperability and Harmonization
issues being addressed by ICAO …

Issue Current Status

Progressive Guidance material has been developed;
implementation of Being addressed by the interregional
ATN islands, domains coordination meetings by ICAO
and backbones and Regional offices and PIRGs
their interconnections

Multi-mode receiver MMR specifications have been

(MMR) for integrating finalized; The equipage is presently
ILS/MLS/GNSS under development by the Industry

(5/6) 33
 Interoperability and Harmonization
issues being addressed by ICAO

Issue Current Status

Availability of The documents already made available
ANP/FASID excepting for MID region which will be
documents of all completed in late 2008.
the regions

Application of A common BORPC, which is now

BORPC for all the applicable to all regions, has been
regions approved by ICAO in 2005

(6/6) 34
 Examples of harmonization in
implementation of air navigation systems
Interregional approach
¾ Revision of interregional ATS Trunk Route
Structure covering Europe/ Middle East/Asia
• Task is coordinated amongst three regions
• Implemented on 28 Nov 2002
¾ Implementation of RVSM on interregional Major
Traffic Flow from Asia to Europe through Middle
East
• Task is coordinated amongst three regions
• Implemented on 27 Nov 2003
(1/2) 35
 Examples of harmonization in
implementation of air navigation systems
Interregional approach
¾ Implementation of RVSM on interregional
Major Traffic Flow from South America to
Europe through Africa
• Task was coordinated amongst three regions
• Already implemented from 24 Jan 2002

¾ Implementation of RVSM on interregional

Major Traffic Flow from South America
through Caribbean to North America
• Task is coordinated amongst three regions
• Implemented on 20 Jan 2005
(2/2) 36
Interregional harmonization
B G
Component B
C A F

D E C Component
F E
A
G D

Region A Region B
Initial Use of Components

B G
Component A
C F

D Component E B

F G C D

Region A Region B
Regional Harmonization

37
 Examples of harmonization in
implementation of air navigation systems
Regional approach

¾ Implementation of RNP5/RNAV in Middle East

region on selected routes
ƒ Task was coordinated amongst States of the Region
ƒ Already implemented from 14 June 2001

¾ Implementation of AMHS in Asia/Pacific Region

ƒ Task is being coordinated amongst States of the Region
ƒ Implementation date to be aligned

38
 Examples of harmonization in
implementation of air navigation systems
Subregional approach
¾ Implementation of Ground - Ground
communications network in SADC/ Central
Caribbean subregion.
ƒ Task was coordinated amongst the States of subregion
using subregional approach
ƒ Already implemented

¾ Implementation of RNP5/RNAV in ECAC area

ƒ Task was coordinated amongst the States of subregion
using subregional approach
ƒ Already implemented in January 1998
39
 SUMMARY
¾ learnt what is Interoperability,
Harmonization and seamlessness
¾ Recognized the need for harmonization
¾ Discussed a framework for harmonization
including tools
¾ Noted ICAO work in progress to enhance
Interoperability and Harmonization
¾ Noted the success stories of harmonization
carried out by regions/subregional groups
40
— END —