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Chapter 2 - Solved Problems

This document presents three problems involving steady-state heat conduction through solid walls or plates. For each problem, the document expresses the differential equation describing the heat transfer and the relevant boundary conditions. It then solves the differential equation to obtain an expression for the temperature distribution and evaluates any requested properties, such as surface temperatures or heat transfer rates.

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Hashem Mansi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Chapter 2 - Solved Problems

This document presents three problems involving steady-state heat conduction through solid walls or plates. For each problem, the document expresses the differential equation describing the heat transfer and the relevant boundary conditions. It then solves the differential equation to obtain an expression for the temperature distribution and evaluates any requested properties, such as surface temperatures or heat transfer rates.

Uploaded by

Hashem Mansi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 1

Inner surface
Consider the base plate of a 800-W household iron with a thickness of L = 0.6 cm, base Outer surface
area of A = 160 cm2, and thermal conductivity of k = 20 W/m ·°C. The inner surface of
the base plate is subjected to uniform heat flux generated by the resistance heaters
inside.

When steady operating conditions are reached, the outer surface temperature of the
plate is measured to be 85°C.

Disregarding any heat loss through the upper part of the iron,

(a) express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for steady one-
dimensional heat conduction through the plate,
(b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in the base plate by solving the
differential equation,
(c) evaluate the inner surface temperature.

A
Solution
Assumptions
1. Heat conduction is steady and one-dimensional since the surface area of the
base plate is large relative to its thickness, and the thermal conditions on both
sides of the plate are uniform.
2. Thermal conductivity is constant.
3. There is no heat generation in the plate.
4. Heat loss through the upper part of the iron is negligible.

(a) Noting that the upper part of the iron is well insulated and thus the entire heat generated in the
resistance wires is transferred to the base plate, the heat flux through the inner surface is
determined to be

Taking into consideration the above-mentioned assumptions, the energy differential equation is:

B.C. 1:

B.C. 2:
(b) Integrating the differential equation twice with respect to x yields

where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants.

Applying the boundary conditions gives:

Substituting C1 and C2 into the general solution,


the variation of temperature is determined to be:

(c) The temperature at x = 0 (the inner surface of the plate) is: T(0) = 2500(0.006 − 0) + 85 = 100°C
Note that the inner surface temperature is higher than the exposed surface temperature, as expected.
Problem 2
Consider a large plane wall of thickness L = 0.05 m. The wall surface at x = 0 is insulated,
while the surface at x = L is maintained at a temperature of 30°C.
The thermal conductivity of the wall is k = 30 W/m · °C, and heat is generated in the wall at a
rate of:

Assuming steady one-dimensional heat transfer,


(a) Express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for heat conduction through
the wall,
(b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in the wall by solving the differential
equation,
(c) determine the temperature of the insulated surface of the wall.

Solution
Assumptions
1. Heat transfer is steady since there is no indication of any change with time
2. Heat transfer is one-dimensional since the wall is large relative to its thickness, and there is thermal symmetry about the
center plane
3. Thermal conductivity is constant
4. Heat generation varies with location in the x direction
(a) Noting that heat transfer is steady and one-dimensional in x direction, the mathematical formulation of this problem can
be expressed as

B.C. 1: at x = 0:

B.C. 2: at x = L:

(b) Rearranging the differential equation and integrating:

Integrating one more time:

Eq. (1)
Applying the boundary conditions:

B.C. 1: at x = 0:

B.C. 2: at x = L:

Substituting the C1 and C2 relations into Eq. (1) and rearranging gives:

which is the desired solution for the temperature distribution in the wall as a function of x.

(c) The temperature at the insulate surface (x = 0) is determined by substituting the known quantities to be

Therefore, there is a temperature difference of almost 300°C between the two sides of the plate.
Problem 3

Consider a large plane wall of thickness L = 0.4 m, thermal conductivity k = 2.3 W/m.°C, and surface area A = 20 m2.
The left side of the wall is maintained at a constant temperature of T1 = 80°C while the right side loses heat by convection to
the surrounding air at T∞ =15°C with a heat transfer coefficient of h = 24 W/m2 .°C.

Assuming constant thermal conductivity and no heat generation in the wall:


(a) express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for steady one-dimensional heat conduction through the wall,
(b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in the wall by solving the differential equation,
(c) evaluate the rate of heat transfer through the wall.

Solution
Assumptions
1. Heat conduction is steady and one-dimensional
2. Thermal conductivity is constant
3. There is no heat generation
a) Noting that heat transfer is steady and one-dimensional in x direction, the mathematical formulation of this problem
can be expressed as:

B.C. 1: at x = 0:

B.C. 2: at x = L: Heat flux (w/m2) is convected


towards the surrounding air

(b) Integrating the differential equation twice with respect to x yields:

where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants. Applying the boundary conditions gives:

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