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    1. This document is a problem sheet for a course in applied analysis. It contains 4 problems involving functions and their properties. 2. The first problem involves composition of functions and constant functions. The second problem asks to show two functions are continuous based on their definitions in terms of another continuous function. 3. The third problem uses the intermediate value theorem to show there is a time when positions overlap on a mountain hiking problem, and to show a solution exists to a trigonometric equation. 4. The fourth problem involves showing a square root function is continuous and differentiable, finding its derivative, and using this to approximate values.

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    1. This document is a problem sheet for a course in applied analysis. It contains 4 problems involving functions and their properties. 2. The first problem involves composition of functions and constant functions. The second problem asks to show two functions are continuous based on their definitions in terms of another continuous function. 3. The third problem uses the intermediate value theorem to show there is a time when positions overlap on a mountain hiking problem, and to show a solution exists to a trigonometric equation. 4. The fourth problem involves showing a square root function is continuous and differentiable, finding its derivative, and using this to approximate values.

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    1. This document is a problem sheet for a course in applied analysis. It contains 4 problems involving functions and their properties. 2. The first problem involves composition of functions and constant functions. The second problem asks to show two functions are continuous based on their definitions in terms of another continuous function. 3. The third problem uses the intermediate value theorem to show there is a time when positions overlap on a mountain hiking problem, and to show a solution exists to a trigonometric equation. 4. The fourth problem involves showing a square root function is continuous and differentiable, finding its derivative, and using this to approximate values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    18 views3 pages

    Problem

    Uploaded by

    pc6nkxfghx
    1. This document is a problem sheet for a course in applied analysis. It contains 4 problems involving functions and their properties. 2. The first problem involves composition of functions and constant functions. The second problem asks to show two functions are continuous based on their definitions in terms of another continuous function. 3. The third problem uses the intermediate value theorem to show there is a time when positions overlap on a mountain hiking problem, and to show a solution exists to a trigonometric equation. 4. The fourth problem involves showing a square root function is continuous and differentiable, finding its derivative, and using this to approximate values.

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    of 3

    Applied Analysis A 2023

    JM Robbins

    Problem Sheet # 3
    Due: Monday 9 November

    ©University of Bristol 2023. This material is copyright of the University unless explic-
    itly stated otherwise. It is provided exclusively for educational purposes at the University
    and is to be downloaded or copied for your private study only.

    1. Practice with composition [15 marks]

    (a) Let i(x) = x denote the identity function, and let f : R → R be an


    arbitrary function. Show that

    f ◦ i = i ◦ f = f.

    (b) Let fc (x) = c denote the constant function equal to c for all x, and
    f : R → R be an arbitrary function. Show that

    fc ◦ f = fc , f ◦ fc = ff (c) .

    (c) Define the function fa,m : R → R by

    fa,m (x) = axm ,

    where a ∈ R and m is a positive integer. Show that

    fa,m ◦ fb,n = fc,p

    for some c and p, which you should determine in terms of a, b, m and n.

    2. Suppose that f : R → R is continuous. Let g(x) = f (ax) for some fixed


    a ∈ R, and let h(x) = f (x2 ). Using the fact that constant functions and
    the identity function are continuous along with Propositions 6.3.3 and 6.3.4
    from the Lecture Notes, explain why the functions g and h are continuous.
    [10 marks]

    Suggestion: Show that the functions g and h can built from f , i and fa . For
    example, note that the function given by the product of fa and i, namely fa i,
    is given by (fa i)(x) = ax.

    3. (a) Suppose you climb a mountain, setting off from the base at 6am and
    reaching the summit at 6pm, where you camp for the night. The next
    morning, you set off from the summit at 6 am and reach the base at 6
    pm, having followed the same path as the day before. Show that there
    is at least one time between 6 am and 6 pm when you were at the same
    place on both days. [5 marks]

    Suggestion: Let x1 (t) and x2 (t) denote your positions on Days 1 and 2,
    and apply the Intermediate Value Theorem to y = x1 − x2 .

    (b) Show that the equation

    sin(πx/2) = x2 − 1

    has a solution in the interval (0, 1) (you may assume that sin x is con-
    tinuous). [5 marks]

    Suggestion: Apply the Intermediate Value Theorem to 1−x2 +sin(πx/2).

    (c) Suppose f : R → R has the following property: If a 6= b and f (a) 6=


    f (b), then for any u in the interval between f (a) and f (b), there exists
    a c in the interval between a and b such that f (c) = u. Is f necessarily
    continuous? If so, this would be a converse to the Intermediate Value
    Theorem. It may be helpful to assume (as is the case) that the trigono-
    metric functions sin x and cos x are continuous. [15 marks].

    Suggestion: The function from Example 6.2.2 e) from the Lecture Notes
    provides a counterexample. As shown in the notes, it is not continuous.
    Show that it has the stated property.

    4. Let
    f : [0, ∞) → R; x 7→ f (x) = x1/2 .

    (a) Show that f is continuous at all x0 ≥ 0. [15 marks]


    √ √
    Suggestion: You want to √ show
    √
    that √ x −√ x0 | is small when |x − x0 |
    |
    is small. The identity ( x − x0 )( x + x0 ) = x − x0 is useful.

    (b) Using the preceding result and Definition 7.2.1 for the derivative, show
    that for x0 > 0,
    1
    f 0 (x0 ) = √ .
    2 x0
    [15 marks]
    √ √ √
    Suggestion:
    √ Evaluate g(h) = ( x0 + h− x0 )/h. The identity ( √x0 + h−
    √ √
    x0 )( x0 + h + x0 ) = h is useful. You can use the fact that x0 + h
    is continuous in h for h > −x0 , which follows from part a).

    (c) With f as above and x0 > 0, evaluate

    r(h) = f (x0 + h) − f (x0 ) − f 0 (x0 )h


    and show that
    lim r(h) → 0.
    [15 marks]

    Suggestion: See part b)

    (d) Using the approximation


    √ f (x0 + h) ≈ f (x0 ) + f 0 (x0 )h, find the approx-
    imate value of 4.1. [5 marks]
    √
    Suggestion: Let f (x) = x, x0 = 4 and h = 0.1.

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