Experiment No.

1
Aim:- Study of different models of Cloud Computing.

Theory:-

Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources,

especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active
management by the user. The term is generally used to describe data centers
available to many users over the Internet.
Cloud is the future of computing. It is about outsourcing of IT services and
infrastructure to make them accessible remotely via the Internet. Utilizing cloud-
computing models boosts not only productivity but also provide a competitive edge to
organizations.
The growing popularity of cloud computing has given rise to different types of cloud
service deployment models and strategies. Therefore, today there exists a variety of
enterprise cloud solutions depending on the degree of desired outsourcing needs.

So, read on as we cover the various cloud computing deployment and service
models. It is along with their customization flexibility, control, and data management
within the organization. Further, it involves the pooling of specialized human and
technical resources to effectively manage existing systems and applications as it
helps in meeting the requirements of organizations and users.
Different Types Of Cloud Computing Deployment Models

Most cloud hubs have tens of thousands of servers and storage devices to enable
fast loading. It is often possible to choose a geographic area to put the data “closer”
to users. Thus, deployment models of cloud computing are categorized based on
their location. To know which deployment model would best fit the requirements of
your organization, let us first learn about the types of cloud deployment models.

Private Cloud
It is a cloud-based infrastructure used by stand-alone organizations. It offers greater
control over security. The data is backed up by a firewall and internally, and can be
hosted internally or externally. Private clouds are perfect for organizations that have
high-security requirements, high management demands, and availability
requirements.
Public Cloud
This type of cloud services is provided on a network for public use. Customers have
no control over the location of the infrastructure. It is based on a shared cost model
for all the users, or in the form of a licensing policy such as pay per user. Public
deployment models in the cloud are perfect for organizations with growing and
fluctuating demands. It is also popular among businesses of all sizes for their web
applications, webmail, and storage of non-sensitive data.

Community Cloud
It is a mutually shared model between organizations that belong to a particular
community such as banks, government organizations, or commercial enterprises.
Community members generally share similar issues of privacy, performance, and
security. This type of deployment model of cloud computing is managed and hosted
internally or by a third-party vendor.

Hybrid Cloud
This model incorporates the best of both private and public clouds, but each can
remain as separate entities. Further, as part of this deployment of cloud computing
model, the internal, or external providers can provide resources. A hybrid cloud is
ideal for scalability, flexibility, and security. A perfect example of this scenario would
be that of an organization who uses the private cloud to secure their data and
interacts with its customers using the public cloud.
3 Service Models Of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing makes it possible to render several services, which can be defined
according to the roles, service providers and the user companies. Cloud computing
models and services are broadly classified as below:

1) IAAS: Changing Its Hardware Infrastructure on Demand

The Infrastructure As A Service (IAAS) means the outsourcing of the physical

infrastructure of IT (network, storage, and servers) from a third party provider. The IT
resources are hosted on external servers and users can access them via an internet
connection.
The Benefits

 Time and cost savings: more installation and maintenance of IT hardware in-
house,
 Better flexibility: On-demand hardware resources that can be tailored to your
needs,
 Remote access and resource management.

For-Who?
This cloud computing service model is ideal for large accounts, enterprises or
organizations capable of building and managing their own IT platforms. However,
they want the flexibility to amend their infrastructure according to their needs.

2) PAAS: Providing A Flexible Environment For Your Software

Applications
Platform as a Service (PAAS) allows outsourcing of hardware infrastructure as well
software environment, which includes databases, integration layers, runtimes and
more.

The Benefits
 Mastering the installation and development of software applications
 Time saving and flexibility for development projects: no need to manage the
implementation of the platform, instant production.
 Data security: You control the distribution, protection, and backup of your
business data.

For-Who?
It is ideal for companies wanting to maintain control over their business applications.
However, they wish to get rid of constraints to manage the hardware infrastructure
and software environment.
 3) SAAS: Releasing The User Experience Of Management Constraints
Software as a Service (SaaS) is provided over the internet and requires no prior
installation. These services can be availed from any part of the world at a minimal
per month fee.

The Advantages
 You are entirely free from the infrastructure management and aligning
software environment: no installation or software maintenance.
 You benefit from automatic updates with the guarantee that all users have the
same software version.
 It enables easy and quicker testing of new software solutions.

For-Who?
SAAS model accounts for 60% of sales of cloud solutions. Hence, it is applicable
and preferred by most companies.
An effective strategy can be designed depending on the needs of the institutions
using the above mentioned cloud deployment models. Many organizations start with
a service model, such as SaaS, or a public deployment model. They gradually scale
it as per changes in requirements. Further, it is possible to use multiple deployment
models to support one or more service models.

Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something,

such as a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network
resources".

In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single physical

instance of a resource or an application among multiple customers and
organizations. It does by assigning a logical name to a physical storage and
providing a pointer to that physical resource when demanded.

What is the concept behind the Virtualization?

Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and hardware is known
as Hardware Virtualization. A Virtual machine provides an environment that is
logically separated from the underlying hardware.

The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is known as Host
Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine

Types of Virtualization:
1. Hardware Virtualization.
2. Operating system Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4. Storage Virtualization.

1) Hardware Virtualization:

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly
installed on the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization.

The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor, memory and
other hardware resources.

After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating system on it

and run different applications on those OS.
Usage:

Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because controlling
virtual machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.

2) Operating System Virtualization:

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is installed on
the Host operating system instead of directly on the hardware system is known as
operating system virtualization.

Usage:

Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing the applications on

different platforms of OS.

3) Server Virtualization:

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly
installed on the Server system is known as server virtualization.

Usage:

Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be divided into
multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.

4) Storage Virtualization:

Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical storage from multiple
network storage devices so that it looks like a single storage device.

Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software applications.

Usage:

Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes.

How does virtualization work in cloud computing?

Virtualization plays a very important role in the cloud computing technology,

normally in the cloud computing, users share the data present in the clouds like
application etc, but actually with the help of virtualization users shares the
Infrastructure.

The main usage of Virtualization Technology is to provide the applications with

the standard versions to their cloud users, suppose if the next version of that
application is released, then cloud provider has to provide the latest version to their
cloud users and practically it is possible because it is more expensive.
To overcome this problem we use basically virtualization technology, By using
virtualization, all severs and the software application which are required by other
cloud providers are maintained by the third party people, and the cloud providers has
to pay the money on monthly or annual basis.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

1) Back-up and restore data

Once the data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to get back-up and restore that data
using the cloud.

2) Improved collaboration

Cloud applications improve collaboration by allowing groups of people to quickly and

easily share information in the cloud via shared storage.

3) Excellent accessibility

Cloud allows us to quickly and easily access store information anywhere, anytime in
the whole world, using an internet connection. An internet cloud infrastructure
increases organization productivity and efficiency by ensuring that our data is always
accessible.

4) Low maintenance cost

Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance costs for
organizations.
5) Mobility

Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile.

6) Services in the pay-per-use model

Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to the users for
access services on the cloud and pays the charges as per the usage of service.

7) Unlimited storage capacity

Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our important data such
as documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one place.

8) Data security

Data security is one of the biggest advantages of cloud computing. Cloud offers
many advanced features related to security and ensures that data is securely stored
and handled.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

1) Internet Connectivity

As you know, in cloud computing, every data (image, audio, video, etc.) is stored on
the cloud, and we access these data through the cloud by using the internet
connection. If you do not have good internet connectivity, you cannot access these
data. However, we have no any other way to access data from the cloud.

2) Vendor lock-in

Vendor lock-in is the biggest disadvantage of cloud computing. Organizations may

face problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another. As
different vendors provide different platforms, that can cause difficulty moving from
one cloud to another.

3) Limited Control

As we know, cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and monitored by

the service provider, so the cloud users have less control over the function and
execution of services within a cloud infrastructure.
4) Security

Although cloud service providers implement the best security standards to store
important information. But, before adopting cloud technology, you should be aware
that you will be sending all your organization's sensitive information to a third party,
i.e., a cloud computing service provider. While sending the data on the cloud, there
may be a chance that your organization's information is hacked by Hackers.

Conclusion:-

Thus we studied cloud computing and its different models and service models also
study virtualization that is Mainly means, running multiple operating systems on a
single machine but sharing all the hardware resources. And it helps us to provide the
pool of IT resources so that we can share these IT resources in order get benefits in
the business.