NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

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CHAPTER- 14

Statistics and Probability

Exercise- 14.1

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q. 1 The class mark of the class 90-120 is

(a) 90 (b) 105

(c) 115 (d) 120

Sol. (b)

In a given class 90-120, upper class= 120 and lower

class = 90

Upper class + Lower class

We know that, class mark= 2
120 + 90 210
= = = 105
2 2

Q. 2 The range of the data

25, 18, 20, 22, 16, 6, 17, 15, 12, 30, 32, 10, 19, 8, 11
and 20 is

(a) 10 (b) 15

(c) 18 (d) 26

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Sol. (d)

In a given data, maximum value= 32 and minimum

value = 6

We know, range of the data= maximum value-

minimum value

= 32 -6= 26

Hence, the range of the given data is 26.

Q. 3 In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a

class is 10 and the width of the class is 6. The lower
limit of the class is

(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 12

Sol. (b)

Let x and y be the upper and lower class limit in a

frequency distribution.

Now, mid value of a class=

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x+ y
= 10 [ given]
2
Þ x+y = 20 ----(i)
Also, given that, width of class = 6
Þ x-y = 6 ----(ii)
on adding Eq. (i) and (ii) we get
2x = 20+6
Þ 2x = 26 Þ x= 13
on putting x =13 in Eq. (i) , we get
13+y = 20 Þ y = 7

Hence, the lower limit of the class is 7.

Q. 4. The width of each of five continuous classes in a

frequency distribution is 5 and the lower class limit of
the lowest class is 10. The upper class limit of the
highest class is

(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 35 (d) 40

Sol. (c)

Let x and y be the upper and lower class limit of

frequency distribution.

Given, width of the class= 5

Þ x- y =5 ... (i)

Also, given lower class (y) = 10

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On putting y = 10 in Eq. (i), we get

x-10=5 Þ x=15

So, the upper class limit of the lowest class is 15.

Hence, the upper class limit of the highest class =

= (Number of continious classes ´ class width

+ Lower class limit of the lowest class)
=5 ´ 5 + 10 = 25 + 10 = 35

Hence, the upper class limit of the highest class is 35.

Alternate Method

After finding the upper class limit of the lowest class,

the five continuous classes in a frequency distribution
with width 5 are 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30 and 30-
35. Thus, the highest class is 30-35,

Hence, the upper limit of this class is 35.

Q. 5 If m is the mid-point and l is the upper class limit

of a class in a continuous frequency distribution, then
lower class limit of the class is

(a) 2m+ l (b) 2m- l

(c) m- l (d) m- 2l

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Sol. (b)

Let x and y be the lower and upper class limit of a

continuous frequency distribution.

Now, mid-point of a class =

x+ y
= m [ given ]
2
Þ x+y = 2m
Þ x+l = 2m
[ ! y = l = upper classes limit (given)]
Þ x = 2m - l

Hence, the lower class limit of the class is 2m- l.

Q. 6 The class marks of a frequency distribution are

given as follows 15, 20, 25, .... The class
corresponding to the class mark 20 is

(a) 12.5- 17.5 (b) 17.5- 22.5

(c) 18.5- 2-1.5 (d) 19.5- 20.5

Solution- (b)

Since, the difference between mid value is 5. So, the

corresponding class to the class mark 20 must have
difference 5. Therefore , option (c) and (d) are wrong.

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Since the mid value is 20 which can get only, if we take

option (b)

17.5 + 22.5 40
\ = = 20
2 2

Q. 7. In the class intervals 10-20, 20-30, the number

20 is included in

(a) 10-20 (b) 20-30

(c) Both in intervals (d) None of these

Solution- (b)

Since, the class intervals 10-20 is the first intervals of

frequency distribution and 20-30 is the next one but
the number 20 is present in both intervals. We know
that, the presence of 20 in the interval 10-20 is not
fully 100% while in the next interval 20-30 presence of
it is fully 100%

Q. 8. A grouped frequency table with class intervals of

equal sizes using 250-270 (270 not included in this
interval) as one of the class interval is constructed for
the following data

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268, 220, 368, 258, 242 310, 272, 342, 310, 290, 300,
320, 319, 304, 402, 318, 406, 292, 354, 278, 210,
240, 330, 316, 406, 215, 258, 236.

The frequency of the class 310-330 is

(a) 4 (b) 5

(c) 6 (d) 7

Solution- (c)

Here, we arrange the given data into groups like 210-

230, 230-250 , ---- 390-410 (since, our data is from
210 to 406). The class width in this cases is 20.

Hence, the frequency of the class 310-330 is 6.

Q.9. A ground frequency distribution table with classes

of equal sizes using 63-72 (72 included) as one of the
class is constructed for the following data

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30, 32, 45, 54, 74, 78, 108, 112, 66, 76, 88, 40, 14,
20, 15, 35, 44, 66, 75, 84, 95, 96, 102, 110, 88, 74,
112, 14, 34, 44.

The number of classes in the distribution will be

(a) 9 (b) 10

(c) 11 (d) 12

Solution- (b)

We arrange the given data into groups like 13-22, 23-

32, -------103-112. (since, our data is from 14 to 112).
The class width in this case is 9.

Now, the given data can be arranged in tabular form as

follows

Hence, the number of classes in distribution will be 10.

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Q. 10. To draw a histogram to represent the following

frequency distribution.

Class 5-10 10-15 15-25 25-45 45-75

interval
s
Frequency 6 12 10 8 15

The adjusted frequency for the class 25-45 is

(a) 6 (b) 5

(c) 3 (d) 2

Solution- (d)

Here, minimum class width = 5

Corresponding frequency in the intervals (25-45) = 8

And the width of the intervals 25-45= 20

\ Adjusted frequency =
Frequency
´ Minimum class width hence, the adjusted
Class width of (25-45)
8 8
= ´5 = = 2
20 4

frequency for the class 25-45 is 2.

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Q. 11 The mean of five numbers is 30. If one number is

excluded, their mean becomes 28. The excluded
number is

(a) 28 (b) 30

(c) 35 (d) 38

Sol. (d)

Let x1, x2 , x3 , x4 and x5 be five numbers and one of

the excluded number be x5 .

Given, mean of the five numbers = 30

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5
Þ = 30
5
Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 150
Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 150 - x5

Given, dividing both sides by 4, we get

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + 150 - x5
Þ = ---(i)
4 4

Given, mean of the four numbers = 28

150 - x5
\ = 28
4
Þ 150 - x5 = 112
Þ x5 = 150 - 112
\ x5 = 38

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Hence, the excluded number is 38.

Q. 12 If the mean of the observations x, x + 3, x + 5,

x +7 and x + 10 is 9. Then mean of the Last three
observations is

1 2
(a) 10 (b) 10 .
3 3

1 2
(c) 11 (d) 11
3 3

Sol. (c)

Given that, the mean of the observations x , x + 3, x

+ 5, x +7 and x + 10 is 9.

x + ( x + 3) + ( x + 5) + ( x + 7) + ( x + 10)
\ =9
5
Þ 5 x + 25 = 45
Þ 5 x = 20 \ x = 4

\Last three observations are x+5 = 4+5 = 9, x+7=

4+7= 11

And x+10= 4+10=14

So, the mean of last three observations is

9 + 11 + 14 34 1
= = 11
3 3 3

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1
Hence, the mean of last three observations is 11
3

Q. 13 If x represents the mean ofn observations x1 , x2 ,

n
-----, xn, then value of å ( xi - x) is
i =1

(a) -1 (b) 0

(c) 1 (d) n-1

Solution- (b)
n

åx i n
Given, x = i =1
Þ å x1 = nx ---(i)
n i =1
n n
Now, å ( xi - x) = å x
i =1 i =1
n
= n x - xå1 [ from Eq. (i)
i =1
é n
ù
= n x - x.n ê å (1) = n ú
!
ë i =1 û
=0

Q. 14 If each observation of the data is increased by

5, then their mean

(a) remains the same

(b) becomes 5 times the original mean

(c) is decreased by 5

(d) is increased by 5

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Solution- (d)

Let x1, x2, ---- xn be the n Observations.

n

åx i
Then, old mean x old = i =1

Now, adding 5 in each observations, the new mean

becomes

( x1 + 5) + ( x2 + 5) + - - - + ( xn + 5)
x new =
n
( x1 + x2 + - - - xn ) + 5n
Þ x new =
n
n
åx i
Þ x new = i =1
+ 5 = x old + 5 [ from Eq.(i)
n
Þ x new = x old + 5

Hence, the new mean is increased by 5.

Q.15. Let x be the mean of x1, x2, ------xn and y be the

mean of y1, y2, ------yn. If z is the mean of x1, x2, -----
xn, y1, y2, ----yn, then z is equal to

x+ y
(a) x+ y (b)
2

x+ y x+ y
(c) (d)
n 2n

Solution- (b)

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Given,

é x
ù
n n ê åx ú i

åx
i =1
i = nx and åy
i =1
i ---(i) ê! x =
ê
i =1
ú
n ú
ê ú
ë û
Now,
( x , + x2 + - - - xn ) + ( y1 + y2 + - - - yn )
z= 1
n n
n+n
åx +å y
i =1
i
i =1
i

2n
nx + n y x + y
= = [ from Eq. (i)]
2n 2

Q. 16. If x is the mean of x1, x2, -----xn, then for a ¹ 0,

x1 x2 x
the mean of ax1, ax2, ---- axn, , , - - -, n is
a a a

æ 1ö æ 1ö x
(a) çè a + ÷ø x (b) çè a + ÷ø
a a 2

æ 1ö
çè a + ÷ø x
æ 1ö x a
(c) çè a + ÷ø (d)
a n 2n

Solution- (b)

Given, mean of x1, x2, ------xn is x

n
\ åx
i =1
i = nx

Now, let the mean of (ax1, ax2, ----axn,

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x1 x2 x
, - - - n )is z.
a a a
æx x x ö
ax1 + ax2 + - - - axn ) + ç 1 , 2 - - - n ÷
èa a aø
then, z =
n+n
1
a ( x1 + x2 + - - - xn ) + ( x1 + x2 + xn )
= a
2n
æ 1ö
çè a + ÷ø ( x1 + x2 + - - - xn )
a
=
2n
æ 1ö n æ 1ö
çè a + ÷ø å xi çè a + ÷ø .nx
a i =1 a
= = [ from Eq. (i)]
2n 2n
æ 1ö
çè a + ÷ø x
a
=
2

Q.17. If x1 , x 2 , x3 , - - - - xn are the means of groups having

number of observations n1, n2, nn, respectively, then
the mean x of all the groups taken together is given by
n

n ån x i i
(a) å ni xi (b) i =1

i =1 n2

n n

å ni xi ån x i i
(c) i =1
n
(d) i =1

2n
ån
i =1
i

Solution- (c)

Given, x1 , x2 , x3 , - - - xn , are the means of n groups having number of

observations n1, n2, ---- nn. Respectively.

Then,

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n1 n3 nn
n1 x = å xi , n2 x2 = å xk , - - - nn x n = å x p
i =1 k =1 p =1

Now, the mean x of all the groups taken is given by

n1 n3 nn
n1 x = å xi , n2 x2 = å xk , - - - nn x n = å x p
i =1 k =1 p =1
x=
n1 + n2 + - - - nn
n
hence, the mean of all the
n1 x1 + n2 x2 + n3 x3 - - - nn xn ån x i 1
= = i =1

n1 + n2 + n3 - - - nn n

ån
i =1
i

groups taken together is given by

n

ån x i 1
= i =1
n

ån
i =1
i

Q. 18. The mean of 100 observations is 50. If one of

the observation which was 50 is replaced by 150, the
resulting mean will be

(a) 50.5 (b) 51

(c) 51.5 (d) 52

Solution- (b)

Given, mean of 100 observations is 50.

Here, n= 100 and x = 100

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åx i
Then, mean i =1

1 100
\ ´ å xi = 50
100 i =1
100
Þ å xi = 5000
i =1

Now, the observation 50 is replaced by 150, then Eq.

(i) becomes,
100

åx
i =1
i = 5000 - 50 + 150 = 5100
100

åx i
5100
\ Resulting mean = i =1
= = 51
100 100

Hence, the resulting mean is 51.

Q.19. There are 50 number. Each number is subtracted

from 53 and the mean of the number so obtained to be
-3.5. The mean of the given number is

(a) 46.5 (b) 49.5

(c) 53.5 (d) 56.5

Solution- (d)
n

åx i
Given, n= 50, then mean x= i =1

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Then,

1 50
x= ´ å xi ---(i)
50 i =1
50
Þ åx
i =1
i = 50 x

Now, subtract each observation from 53, we get a new

mean say xnew

( x1 + 53) + (- x2 + 53) + - - -(- x50 + 53)

\ x new =
50
Þ -3.5 =
Mean of 50 observations =
-( x1 + x2 + - - - x50 ) + (53 + 53 + - - -50 times) \
50
Þ -3.5 ´ 50 = -( x1 + x2 + - - - + x50 ) + 53 ´ 50
50
Þ å xi = 2650 + 175 = 2825
i =1

1 50
´ å xi
50 i =1

1
= ´ 2825 = 56.5
50
é n
ù
ê åx ú i
ê! mean = i =1
ú
ê n ú
ê ú
ë û

Hence, the mean of given number is 56.5

Q. 20. The mean of 25 observations is 36. Out of

these observations, if mean of first 13 observations is
32 and that of the last 13 observation is 40, the 13th
observation is

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(a) 23 (b) 36 (c) 38 (d) 40

Sol. (b)

Given, mean of 25 observations = 36

:. Sum of 25 observations = 36 x 25 = 900

Now, the mean of first 13 observations = 32

:.Sum of first 13 observations = 13 x 32 = 416 and the

mean of last 13 observations = 40

:.Sum of last 13 observations = 40 x 13 = 520

So, 13th observation = (Sum of last 13 observations +

Sum of first 13 observations) - (Sum of 25
observations)

= (520 + 416)- 900= 936- 900 = 36

Hence, the 13th observation is 36.

Q. 21 The median of the data 78, 56, 22, 34, 45, 54,
39, 68, 54 and 84 is

(a) 45 (b) 49.5

(c) 54 (d) 56

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Solution- (c)

First, we arrange the given observations in ascending

order as follows

22, 34, 39, 45, 54, 54, 56, 68, 78 and 84

Here, total number of observations, n = 10

Since, n is even, so we use the formula for median,

æ nö æn ö
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation
2 2
Median =
2

æ 10 ö æ 10 ö
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation
2 2
=
2
[ put n = 10]
5th observation +6th observation
hence, the median of given
=
2
54 + 54 108
= = = 54
2 2

data is 54.

Q. 22 For drawing a frequency polygon of a continuous

frequency distribution, we plot the points whose
ordinates are the frequencies of the respective classes
and abscissae are, respectively

(a) upper limits of the classes

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(b) lower limits of the classes

(c) class marks of the classes

(d) upper limits of preceding classes

Solution- (c)

Class marks i.e., the mid-point of the classes are

abscissa of the points, which we plot for frequency
polygon.

Q. 23. Median of the following numbers

4, 4, 5, 7, 6, 7, 7, 12, 3 is

(a) 4 (b) 5

(c) 6 (d) 7

Solution- (c)

First, we arrange the given numbers in ascending order

is

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, and 12.

Here, n= 9

Since, n is odd, so we use the formula for median.

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Now median =

æ n + 1ö
=ç th observation
è 2 ÷ø
æ 9 + 1ö
=ç th observation [ put n = 9]
è 2 ÷ø
æ 10 ö
= ç ÷ th observation = 5th observation=6
è 2ø

Hence, median of the given number is 6.

Q. 24 The mode of given data 15, 14, 19, 20, 14, 15,
16, 14, 15, 18, 14, 15,17 and 15 is

(a) 14 (b) 15

(c) 16 (d) 17

Sol.(b)

We first arrange the given data in ascending order as

follows

14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
19,20

From above, we see that 15 occurs most frequently

i.e., 5 times.

Hence, the mode of the given data is 15.

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Q. 25. In a sample study of 642 people, it was found

that 514 people have a high school certificate. If a
person is selected at random, the probability that the
person has a high school certificate, is

(a) 0.5 (b) 0.6

(c) 0.7 (d) 0.8

Solution- (d)

The total number of people in sample study, n(S) =

642.

The number of people who have high school certificate,

n(E) = 514.

So, the probability that the person selected has a high

school certificate

n( E ) 514
= = = 0.8
n( S ) 642

Hence, the probability that the person has a high

school certificate is 0.8.

Q. 26. In a survey of 364 children aged 19-36 months,

it was found that 91 liked to eat potato chips. If a child

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is selected at random, the probability that he/she does

not like to eat potato chips, is

(a) 0.25 (b) 0.50

(c) 0.75 (d) 0.80

Solution- (c)

Total number of survey children age from 19-36

months, n(S) = 364

In those of them 91 out of them liked to eat potato

chips.

:.Number of children who do not like to eat potato

chips, n(E) = 364- 91 = 273

:.Probability that he/she does not like to eat potato

n( E ) 273
chips= = = = 0.75
n( S ) 364

Hence, the probability that he/she does not like to eat

potato chips is 0.75.

Q. 27. In a medical examination of students of a

class, the following blood groups are recorded.

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Blood group A AB B O
Number of 10 13 12 5
students

A student is selected at random from the class. The

probability that he/she has blood group B, is

1 13
(a) (b)
4 40

3 1
(c) (d)
10 8

Sol. (c)

Total number of students in a medical examination,

n(S) = 40

Number of persons who have B blood group, n(E) = 12

n( E ) 12 3
:.Probability that he/she has blood group = =
n( S ) 40 10

Hence, the probability that he/she has blood group B is

3/10.

Q.28. Two coins are tossed 1000n times and the

outcomes are recorded as below

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Number of 2 1 0
heads
Frequency 200 550 250
Based on this information, the probability for at most
one head is

1 1
(a) (b)
5 4

4 3
(c) (d)
5 4

Sol. (c)

The total number of coins tossed, n(S ) = 1000

Number of outcomes in which at most one head, n(E)

= 550 + 250 = 800

n( E ) 800 4
:.Probability for at most one head= = =
n( S ) 1000 5

4
Hence, the probability for almost one head is
5

Q. 29. 80 bulbs are selected at random from a lot and

their life time (in hours) is recorded in the form of a
frequency table given below

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Life time 300 500 700 900 1100

(in
hours)
Frequency 10 12 23 25 10
One bulb is selected at random from the lot. The
probability that its life is 1150 h, is

1 7
(a) (b)
80 16

(c) 0 (d) 1

Sol. (c)

Total bulb in a lot, n (S) = 80

Number of bulbs whose life time is 1150, n(E) = 0

n( E ) 0
:.Probability that its life time is 1150 h = = =0
n( S ) 80

Hence, the probability that its life time is 1150 is 0.

Q. 30 Refer to Q. 29. The probability that bulbs

selected randomly from the lot has life less than 900 h,
is

11 5
(a) (b)
40 16

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7 9
(c) (d)
16 16

Sol. (d)

Total number of bulbs in a lot, n(S ) = 80

Number of bulbs whose life time is less than 900 h,

n(E) = 10 + 12 + 23 = 45

:.Probability that bulbs has life time less than 900 h =

n( E ) 45 9
= =
n( S ) 80 16

Hence, the probability that bulb has life time less than
900 is 9/16.

Exercise-14.2

Q. 1. The frequency distribution has been represented

graphically as follows.

Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-100

Number of 10 15 20 25
students

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Do you think representation is correct ? why ?

Solution-

No, here the widths of the rectangles are varying,

so we need to make cert modifications in the
length of the rectangles so that the areas are
proportional to frequencies. We proceed as follows

1. Select a class interval with the minimum class size,

here the minimum class size is 20.

2. The length of the rectangles are then modified to be

proportionate to the class size 20

Now, we get the following modified table

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So, the correct histogram with varying width is given

below

Q. 2 In a diagnostic test in mathematics given to

students, the following marks

(out of 100) are recorded 46, 52, 48, 11, 41, 62, 54,
53, 96, 40, 98 and 44.

Which average will be a good representative of the

above data and why?

Sol.

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Median will be a good representative of the data,

because

(i) each value occurs once.

(ii) the data is influenced by extreme values.

Q. 3 A child says that the median of 3, 14, 18, 20 and

5 is 18. What does not the child understand about
finding the median?

Sol.

The child does not understand, that data has to be

arranged in ascending or descending order before
finding the median.

Q. 4. A football player scored the following number of

goals in the 10 matches

1, 3, 2, 5, 8, 6, 1, 4, 7 and 9. Since, the number of

matches is 10 (an even number), therefore Median =
5th observation + 6th observation 8 + 6
=
2 2
14
= =7
2

Is it the correct answer and why?

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Sol.

No. It is not the correct answer, because the data

have to be arranged in ascending or descending order
before finding the median.

Arranging the data in ascending order 1, 1, 2, 3, 4,

5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

Here, number of observations is 10, which is even.

So, median =

æ nö æn ö
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation
2 2
2
æ 10 ö æ 10 ö
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation
2 2
=
2
5th observation + 6th observation
=
2
4+5 9
= = = 4.5
2 2

Q. 5 Is it correct to say that in a histogram, the area

of each rectangle is proportional to the class size of
the corresponding class interval? If not, correct the
statement.

Sol.

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It is not correct. Because in a histogram, the area of

each rectangle is proportional to the corresponding
frequency of its class.

Q. 6 The class marks of a continuous distribution are

1.04, 1.14, 1.24, 1.34, 1.44, 1.54 and 1.64.

Is it correct to say the last interval will be 1.55-1.73 ?

Justify your answer.

Sol.

It is not correct. Because the difference between two

consecutive class marks should be equal to the class
size. Here, difference between two consecutive marks
is 0.1 and class size of 1.55-1.73 is 0.18, which are not
equal.

Q. 7. 30 children were asked about the number of

hours they watched TV programs last week. The result
are recorded as under

Number 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20

of
hours

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Frequency 8 16 4 2

Can we say that the number of children who watched

TV for 10 or more hour in a week is 22? Justify your
answer.

Sol.

No, intact the number of children who watched TV for

10 or more hour in a week is 4 + 2, i.e.= 6.

Q. 8 Can the experimental probability of an event be a

negative number? If not, why?

Sol.

No, since the number of trials in which the event can

happen cannot be negative and total number of trials
is always positive.

Q. 9 Can the experimental probability of an event be

greater than 1? Justify your answer.

Sol.

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No, since the number of trials in which the event can

happen cannot be greater than total number of trials.

Q. 10. As the number of tosses of a coin increases, the

ratio of the number heads to the total number of tosses
1
will be . Is it correct? If not, write the correct one.
2

Sol.

No, since the number of coin increases, the ratio of

the number of heads to the number of tosses will be
1 1
nearer to but not exactly .
2 2

Exercise- 14.3

Q. 1 The blood groups of 30 students are recorded as

follows

A, B, 0, A, AB, 0, A, 0, B, A, 0, B, A, AB, B, A, AB, B, A,

A, 0, A, AB, B, A, 0, B, A, B, A

Prepare a frequency distribution table for the data.

Sol.

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The number of students who have a certain type of

blood group is called the frequency of those blood
groups. A frequency distribution table for the given
data is given below

Q. 2 The value of 1t up to 35 decimal places is given

below

3.14159265358979323846264338327950288

Make a frequency distribution of the digits 0 to 9 after

the decimal point.

Sol.

The number of repeated digit is called the

frequency of those digits. A frequency distribution
table for the given data is given below,

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Q. 3 The scores (out of 100) obtained by 33. students

in a mathematics test are as follows

69,48,84,58,48, 73,83, 48,66,58,84,66,6

71,64,66,69,66,83,66,69,71,81,71,73,69,66,66, 64',
58,64,69,69.

Represent this data in the form of a frequency

distribution;

Sol.

The number of students who have the same marks in

mathematics is called the frequency of that mark.

A frequency distribution table for the given data is

given below

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Q. 4. Prepare a continuous grouped frequency

distribution from the following data

Also, find the size of class intervals.

Sol.

Here, we see that the difference between two mid-

points is 15-5 i.e., 10.

It means the width of the class interval is 10.

Let the lower limit of the first class interval be a. Then,

its upper limit= a + 10

Now, mid value of the first class interval = 5

Lower limit + upper limit

Þ Mid value =
2
a + a + 10
Þ5= Þ 2a + 10 = 10
2
Þ 2a = 0 Þ a = 0

So, the first class interval is 0-10.

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Now, we prepare a continuous frequency distribution

table is given below

Hence, the size of the class intervals is 10 i.e., 10-0.

Q. 5 Convert the given frequency distribution into a

continuous .grouped frequency distribution

In which intervals would 153.5 and 157.5 be included ?

Solution-

It is clear that, the given table is in inclusive

(discontinuous) form. So, we first convert it into
exclusive form.

Now, consider the classes 150-153, 154-157

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:.Lower limit of 154-157 =154 and upper limit of 150-

153=153

Required difference = 154-153 = 1

1
So, half the difference = = 0.5
2

So, we subtract 0.5 from each lower limit and add 0.5
to each upper limit. The table for continuous grouped
frequency distribution is given below

Thus, 153.5 and 157.5 would use in the class

intervals 153.5-157.5 and 157.5-161.5, respectively.

Q. 6 The expenditure of a family of different heads in a

month is given below

Draw a bar graph to represent the data above.

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Sol.

We draw a bar graph of this data in the following steps.

Step I- We represent the heads (variable) on the

horizontal axis choosing any scale, as the width of the
bar is not important. But for clarity, we take equal
widths for all bars and maintain equal gaps in between
them. Let one head be represented by one unit.

Step II- We represent the expenditure on the vertical

axis. Since, the maximum expenditure is 4000, we can
choose the scale as 1 unit= 500.

Step III- To represent our first head i.e.,food, we draw

a rectangular bar with width 1 unit and height 8 units.

Step IV- Similarly, other heads are represented by

1
leaving a gap of unit in between two consecutive
2

bars.

The bar graph for given data is shown below.

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Q. 7 Expenditure on education of a country during a

five years period (2002-2006), in crore of rupees, is
given below

Represent the information above by a bar graph.

Sol.

We draw bar graph of this data in the following steps

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Step I- We represent the education of a country

(variable) on the horizontal axis choosing any scale, as
the width of the bar is not important. But for clarity, we
take equal widths for bars and maintain equal gaps in
between them. Let one head be represented by one
unit.

Step II- We represent the expenditure on the vertical

axis. Since, the maximum expenditure is Rs. 240 crore,
we can choose the scale as 1 unit=25 crore.

Step III- To represent our first education of a country

i.e., elementary education, we rectangular bar with
width 1 unit and height 9.6 units.

Step IV- Similarly, other heads are represented by

leaving gap of 1 unit in between two consecutive bars.
2

The bar graph for given data is shown below.

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Q. 8. The following table gives the frequencies of most

commonly used letters a, e, i, o, r, t, u, from a page of
a book

Represent the information above by a bar graph.

Sol.

We draw bar graph of this data in the following steps

Step .I We represent the letters (variable) on the

horizontal axis choosing any scale, as the width of the

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bar is not important. But for clarity, we take equal

widths for all bars and maintain equal gaps in between
them. Let one letter be represented by one unit.

Step II We represent the letters on the vertical axis.

Since, the maximum frequency is 125, we can choose
the scale as 1 unit= 15 frequency.

Step III- To represent our first letter i.e., a, we draw a

rectangular bar with width 1 unit and height 5 units.

Step IV- Similarly, other heads are represented by

1
leaving a gap of unit in between two consecutive
2

bars.

The bar graph for given data is shown below

Q. 9. If the mean of the following data is 20.2, then

find the value of p.

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X 10 15 20 25 30
F 6 8 P 10 6

Solution-

We know that,

Mean of the data

5

åfx i i
( x) = i =1
5
= 20.2 [Given]
åf
i =1
i

f1 x1 + f 2 x2 + f 3 x.3 + f 4 x4 + f5 x5
Þ = 20.2
f1 + f 2 + f3 + f 4 + f5
(6)(10) + (8)(15) + ( p)(20) + (10)(25) + (6)(30)
Þ = 20.2
6 + 8 + p + 10 + 6
60 + 120 + 20 p + 250 + 180
Þ = 20.2
30 + p
Þ 20 p + 610 = 606 + 20.2 p Q.10. Obtain the
Þ 610 - 606 = 0.2 p
2p
Þ =4
10
\ p = 10 ´ 2 = 20
Hence, the value of p is 20.

mean of the following distribution.

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Solution-

We know that,
5

åfx i i
( x) = i =1
5
=
åf
i =1
i

f1 x1 + f 2 x2 + f 3 x.3 + f 4 x4 + f 5 x5
Þ
f1 + f 2 + f 3 + f 4 + f 5
4 ´ 4 + 8 ´ 6 + 14 ´ 8 + 11 ´ 10 + 3 ´ 12
=
4 + 8 + 14 + 11 + 3
16 + 48 + 112 + 110 + 36 322
= = = 8.05
40 40

Hence, the mean of the given data is 8.05.

Q. 11. A class consists of 50 students out of which 30

are girls. The mean of marks scored by girls in a test
is 73 (out of 100) and that of boys is 71. Determine the
mean score of the whole class.

Sol.

Given, the number of girls out of 50 students= 30 .

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:.The number of boys out of 50 students= 50- 30 = 20

Now, the marks obtained by 30 girls = 30 x 73 = 2190

and the marks obtained by 20 boys = 20 x 71 = 1420

[ !mean of marks scored by girls in a test is 73 and

that of boys is 71]

:.Mean score of the whole class

Marks obtained by 30 girls+Marks obtained by 20 girls

=
Number of girls + Number of boys hence, the mean score of
2190 + 1420 3610
= = = 72.2
20 + 30 50

whole class is 72.2.

Q. 12 Mean of 50 observations was found to be 80.4.

But later on, it was discovered that 96 was misread as
69 at one plate. Find the correct mean.

Sol.

Given, the mean of 50 observations= 80.4

\Sum of 50 observations = 80.4 x 50 = 4020

But later, we observe that 96 was misread as 69 at one

place.

Then, the correct mean =

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(Sum of 50 observations) - 69+96

50
4020 - 69 + 96 4047
= = = 80.94
50 50

Hence, the correct mean is 80.94.

Q. 13. Ten observations 6, 14, 15, 17, x + 1, 2x -

13, 30, 32, 34 and 43 are written in an ascending
order. The median of the data is 24. Find the value of
x.

Sol.

Given observations are 6, 14, 15, 17, x + 1, 2x- 13,

30, 32, 34, 43

Here, total number of given observations, n = 10

(even)

Since, n is even, so we use the formula for median,

Median =

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æ nö æn ö
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation
2 2
2
æ 10 ö æ 10 ö
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation
2 2
=
2
5th observation +6th observation
=
2
( x + 1) + (2 x - 13)
Þ 24 = hence, the value of x is 20.
2
Þ 3 x - 12 = 48
Þ 3 x = 60
\ x = 20

Q. 14. The points scored by a basket ball team in a

series of matches are as follows

17, 2, 7, 27, 25, 5, 14, 18, 10, 24, 48, 10, 8, 7, 10, 28

Find the median and mode for the data.

Sol.

First, arrange the given points scored in ascending

order

2, 5, 7, 7, 8, 10, 10, 10, 14, 17, 18, 24,25, 27,28, 48

Here, number of given observations is n = 16 (even)

Since, n is even, so we use the formula for median,

Median=

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æ nö æn ö
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation
2 2
2

æ 16 ö æ 16 ö
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation
2 2
2
8th observation +9th observation
= We know that, mode is the
2
10 + 14 24
= = = 12
2 2

observation which is repeated maximum number of

times. Here, we see in the given data, 10 is repeated 3
times.

So, mode of a given data is 10.

Hence, median and mode for the given data are 12 and
10, respectively.

Q. 15 In the figure, there is a histogram depicting daily

wages of workers in a factory. Construct the frequency
distribution table.

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Sol.

It is clear from the histogram that class interval start

from 150-200, 200-250, having width 50.

The frequency distribution table is given below

Q. 16 A company selected 4000 households at random

and surveyed them to find out a relationship between
income Level and the number of television sets in a
home. The information, so obtained is Listed in the
following table

Find the probability

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(i) of a household earning 10000-14999 per year and

having exactly one television.

(ii) of a household earning 25000 and more per

year owning 2 televisions.

(iii) of a household not having any television.

Sol.

The total. number of the households selected by the

company, n(S)= 4000

(i) Number of households earning 10000 - 14999 per

year and having exactly one television, n(E1) = 240

n( E ) 240 6 3
\Required probability= = = = = 0.06
n( S ) 4000 100 50

Hence, the probability of a household earning 10000 -

14999 per year and having exactly one television is
0.06.

(ii) Number of households earning 25000 and more per

year owning 2 televisions, n(E2 ) = 760

n( E ) 760
\ Required probability= = = 0.19
n( S ) 4000

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Hence, the probability of a household earning 25000

and more per year owning 2 televisions is 0.19.

(iii) Number of households not having any television,

n(E3 ) = 30

n( E3 ) 30 3
\Required probability = = =
n( S ) 4000 400

Hence, the probability of a household not having any

television is 3/400.

Q. 17 Two dice are thrown simultaneously 500 times.

Each time the sum of two numbers appearing on their
tops is noted and recorded as given in the following
table

If the dice are thrown once more, then what is the

probability of getting a sum

(i) 3?

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(ii) more than 10?

(iii) less than or equal to 5?

(iv) between 8 and 12?

Sol. Total number of times, when two dice are thrown

simultaneously, n(S) = 500

(i) Number of times of getting a sum 3, n(E) = 30

:. Probability of getting a sum 3 =

n( E ) 30 3
= = = 0.06
n( S ) 500 50

Hence, the probability of getting a sum 3 is 0.06.

(ii) Number of times of getting a sum more than 10,

n(E1 ) = 28 + 15 = 43

:.Probability of getting sum more than 10 =

n( E1 ) 43
= = 0.86
n( S ) 500

Hence, the probability of getting a sum more than 10 is

0.086

(iii) Number of times of getting a sum less than or

equal to 5,

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n(E2) = 55+ 42 + 30 + 14 = 141

:.Probability of getting a sum less than or equal to 5 =

n( E2 ) 141
= = 0.282
n( S ) 500

Hence, the probability of getting a sum less than or

equal to 5 is 0.282.

(iv) The number of times of getting a sum between 8

and 12,

n(E3)= 53+ 46 + 28 = 127

n( E3 ) 127
Required probability = = = 0.254
n( S ) 500

Hence, the probability of getting a sum between 8 and

12 is 0.254.

Q. 18 Bulbs are packed in cartons each containing 40

bulbs, seven hundred cartons were examined for
defective bulbs and the results are given in the
following table

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One carton was selected at random. What is the

probability that it has

(i) no defective bulb?

(ii) defective bulbs from 2-6?

(iii) defective bulbs less than 4?

Sol.

Total number of cartons, n(S) = 700

(i) Number of cartons which has no defective bulb,

n(E1) = 400

n( E1 ) 400 4
:.Probability that no defective bulb = = =
n( S ) 700 7

4
Hence, the probability that no defective bulb is
7

(ii) Number of cartons which has defective bulbs from 2

to 6, n(E2)

= 48 + 41 + 18 + 8 + 3 = 118

:. Probability that the defective bulbs from 2 to 6 =

n( E2 ) 118 59
= =
n( S ) 700 350

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Hence, the probability that the defective bulbs from 2

59
to 6 is
350

(iii) Number of cartons which has defective bulbs less

than 4, n(E3 ) = 400 + 180 + 48 + 41 = 669

:. The probability that the defective bulbs less than 4 =

n( E3 ) 669
=
n( S ) 700

Hence, the probability that the defective bulb less than

669
4 is
700

Q. 19 Over the past 200 working days, the number of

defective parts produced by a machine is given in the
following table

Determine the probability that tomorrow's output will

have

(i) no defective part.

(ii) atleast one defective part.

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(iii) not more than 5 defective parts.

(iv) more than 13 defective parts.

Sol.

Total number of working days, n(S) = 200

(i) Number of days in which no defective part is, n(E1)

= 50

n( E1 ) 50 1
:.Probability that no defective part = = = = 0.25
n( S ) 200 40

Hence, the probability that no defective part is 0.25.

(ii) Number of days in which at least one defective

part, is

n(E2 )= 32 + 22 + 18+ 12 + 12 + 10+ 10+ 10+ 8+

6+ 6+ 2 + 2= 150

\Probability that at least one defective part=

n( E2 ) 150 3
= = = 0.75
n( S ) 200 4

Hence, the probability that all least one defective part

is 0.75.

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(iii) Number of days in which not more than 5 defective

parts,

n(E3) = 50+ 32 + 22 + 18 + 12 + 12 = 146

\Probability that not more than 5 defective parts

n( E3 ) 146
= = 0.73
n( S ) 200

Hence, the probability that not more than 5 defective

parts is 0.73.

(iv) Number of days in which more than 13 defective

parts, n(E4 ) = 0

:. Probability that more than 13 defective parts =

n( E4 ) 0
= =0
n( S ) 200

Hence, the probability that more than 13 defective

parts is 0.

Q. 20 A recent survey found that the ages of workers in

a factory as follows.

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if a person is selected at random, find the probability

that the person is

(i) 40 yr or more. (ii) under 40 yr.

(iii) having age from 30-39 year.

(iv) under 60 but over 39 year.

Sol.

Total number of workers in a factory,

n (S) = 38 + 27 + 86 + 46 + 3 = 200

(i) Number of persons selected at the age of 40 yr or

more,

n (E1) = 86 + 46 + 3 = 135

\ Probability that the persons selected at the age of 40

yr or more,

n( E1 ) 135
P( E1 ) = = 0.675
n( S ) 200

Hence, the probability that the person selected at the

age of 40 yr or more is 0.675.

(ii) Number of persons selected under the age of 40 yr

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n (E2) = 38 + 27 = 65

\Probability that the persons selected under the age of

40 yr,

n( E2 ) 65
P( E2 ) = = = 0.325
n( S ) 200

Hence, the probability that the person selected under

the age of 40 yr is 0.325.

(iii) Number of persons selected having age from 30 to

39 yr, n(E3) = 27 Probability that the person selected
having age from 30 to 39 yr,

n( E3 ) 27
P( E3 ) = = = 0.135
n( S ) 200

Hence, the probability that the person selected having

age from 30 to 39 yr is 0.135

(iv) Number of persons selected having age under 60

out over 39 yr,

n(E4) = 86+ 46=132

\Probability that the person selected having age under

60but over 39yr,

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n( E4 ) 132
P( E4 ) = = = 0.66
n( S ) 200

Hence, the probability that the person selected having

age under 60 but over 39 yr is 0.66.

Exercise- 14.4

Q. 1 The following are the marks (out of 100) of 60

students in Mathematics. .

16, 13, 5, 80, 86, 7, 51,48, 24, 56, 70, 19, 61, 17, 16,
36, 34,42, 34, 35, 72, 55, 75, 31, 52, 28, 72, 97, 74,
45, 62, 68, 86, 35, 85, 36, 81, 75, 55, 26, 95, 31, 7,
78, 92, 62, 52, 56, 15, 63, 25, 36, 54, 44, 47, 27, 72,
17, 4, 30.

Construct a grouped frequency distribution table with

width 10 of each class starting from 0-9.

Sol.

First, arranging the given data in ascending order.

4, 5, 7, 7, 13, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26,27,
28,30, 31, 31, 34, 34,35, 35, 36,36, 36, 42, 44, 45,

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47, 48,51,52, 52, 54, 55, 55, 56, 56, 61, 62, 62, 63,
68, 70, 72, 72, 72, 74, 75, 75, 78, 80, 81, 85, 86,
86,92, 95, 97.

We arrange the given data into groups like 0-9, 10-19,

20-29, ... The class width in each case is 10.

The frequency distribution of the given data is given

below.

Q. 2 Refer to 0.1 above. Construct a grouped frequency

distribution table with width 10 of each class, in such a
way that one of the class is 10-20 (20 not included).

Sol.

We arrange the given data into groups like 0-10, 10-

20, 20-30, ....... in which upper class limit is not

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included in that class. The class width in each case is

10.

The frequency distribution of the given data is given

below

Q. 3 Draw a histogram of the following distribution

Sol.

Clearly, the given frequency distribution is in exclusive

form:

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Along the horizontal axis, we represent the class

intervals of heights on some suitable scale. The
corresponding frequencies of number of students are
represented along the vertical axis on a suitable scale.

Since, the given intervals start with 150-153. It means

that there is some break( x ) is indicated near the origin
to signify the graph is drawn with a scale beginning at
150.

A histogram of the given distribution is given below.

Q. 4 Draw a histogram to represent the following

grouped frequency distribution

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Sol.

(i) Firstly, convert the given data into continuous form

by adjusting minus 0.5 in lower limit and plus 05 in
upper limit.

(ii) Further, we take height in horizontal axis and

frequency in vertical axis: Corresponding frequencies
of the height are plotted in the form of rectangular and
get the required histogram.

The given frequency distribution is in inclusive form.

So, first we convert it into exclusive form.

Now, consider the class 20-24, 25-29. Lower limit of

25-29 is 25.

Upper limit of 20-24 is 24.

25 - 24 1
Thus, the half of the difference is = = 0.5
2 2

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So, we subtract 0.5 from each lower limit and add 0.5
to each upper limit.

The table for continuous grouped frequency distribution

is given below

Thus, the given data becomes in exclusive form.

Along the horizontal axis, we represent the class

intervals of ages on some suitable scale. The
corresponding frequencies of number of teachers are
represented along the vertical axis on a suitable scale.

Since, the given intervals start with 19.5-24.5. It

means that, there is some break

indicated near the origin to signify the graph is drawn

with a scale beginning at 19.5.

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Q. 5 The lengths of 62 leaves of a plant are measured

in millimetres and the data is represented in the
following table

Draw a histogram to represent the data above.

Sol.

The given frequency distribution is in inclusive form.

So, first we convert it into exclusive form.

127 - 126 1
Now, adjusting factor = = = 0.5
2 2

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So, we subtract 0.5 from each lower limit and add 0.5
to each upper limit

The table for continuous grouped frequency distribution

is given below

Thus, the given data becomes in exclusive form.

Along the horizontal axis, we represent the class

intervals of length on some suitable scale. The
corresponding frequencies of number of leaves are
represented along the Y-axis on a suitable scale.

Since, the given intervals start with 117.5-126.5. It

means that, there is some break. indicated near the
origin to signify the graph is drawn with a scale
beginning at 117.5.

A histogram of the given distribution is given below

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Q. 6 The marks obtained (out of 100) by a class of 80

students are given below

Sol. In the given frequency distribution, class sizes are

different. So, we calculate the adjusted

frequency for each class.

Here, minimum size= 20- 10 = 10

We use the formula,

Minimum class size

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Minimum class size

Adjusted frequency of a class = ´ its frequency
Class size of this class

The modified table for frequency distribution is given

below.

Along the horizontal axis, we represent the class

intervals marks on some suitable scale. The
corresponding frequencies of number of students are
represented along the vertical axis on a suitable scale.

Since, the given intervals start with 10-20. It means

that, there is some break indicated near the origin to
signify the graph is drawn with a scale beginning at 10.

Now, we draw rectangles with class intervals as the

b8.ses and the corresponding adjusted frequencies as
heights.

A histogram of the given distribution is given below

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Q. 7 Following table shows a frequency distribution

for the speed of car passing through at a particular
spot on a high way.

Draw a histogram and frequency polygon representing

the data above.

Sol.

Clearly, the given frequency distribution is in exclusive

form.

Along the horizontal axis, we represent the class

intervals on some suitable scale. The corresponding

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frequencies are represented along the vertical axis on a

suitable scale.

We construct rectangles with class intervals as the

bases and the respective frequencies as the heights.

Let us draw a histogram for this data and mark the

mid-points of the top of the rectangles as 8, C, 0, E, F.
G and H, respectively. Here, the first class is 30-40
and the last class is 90-100.

Also, consider the imagined classes 20-30 and 100-110

each with frequency 0. The class marks of these
classes are 25 and 105 at the points A and l,
respectively.

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Join all these points by dotted line.

Then, the curve ABCDEFGHl is the required frequency

polygon.

Q. 8 Refer to Q. 7. Draw the frequency polygon

representing the above data without drawing the
histogram.

Sol. We have to draw a frequency polygon without a

histogram.

Firstly, we find the class marks of the classes given

that is 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70 .

30 + 40 70
The class mark = = = 35
2 2

Similarly, we can determine the class marks of the

other classes.

So, table for class marks is shown below

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We can draw a frequency polygon by plotting the class

marks along the horizontal axis and the frequency
along the vertical axis. Now, plotting all the points 8
(35, 3), C (45, 6),

0 (55, 25), E (65, 65), F (75, 50), G (85, 28), H (95,

14), also plot the point corresponding to the
considering classes 20-30 and 100-110 each with
frequency 0. Join all these point line segments.

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Q. 9 Following table gives the distribution of students

of sections A and 8 of a class according to the marks
obtained by them.

Represent the marks of the students of both the

sections on the same graph by two frequency polygons.
What do you observe?

Sol.

Firstly, we find the mid marks of the given sections A

and B by using the formula

Lower limit + Upper Limit

Class mark =
2

So, he new table for section A and section B is shown

below

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We c.an draw a frequency polygon by plotting the class

marks along the horizontal axis and the frequency
along the vertical axis.

Now, plotting all the points A (7.5, 5), B (22.5, 12), C

(37.5, 28), 0 (52.5, 30) , E (67.5, 35), F (82 .5, 13) for
section A.

Also, plotting all the points H (7.5, 3), I (22.5, 16), J

(37.5, 25), K (52.5, 27), L (67.5, 40) and M (82.5, 10)
for section B.

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It is clear from the graph that maximum marks 67.5

score by 40 students in section B.

Q. 10 The mean of the following distribution is 50.

Find the value of a and hence the frequencies of 30 and

70.

Sol.

We know that,

Mean of the distribution

5

åfx
( x) =
i i
i =1
5
= 50 [given]
åf
i =1
i

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f1 x1 + f 2 x2 + f3 x3 + f 4 x4 + f5 x5
Þ = 50
f1 + f 2 + f3 + f 4 + f5
(17)(10) + (5a + )(30) + (7a - 11)(70) + (19)(90)
Þ = 50
17 + 5a + 3 + 32 + 7a - 11 + 19
170 + 150a + 90 + 1600 + 490a - 770 + 1710
Þ = 50
12a + 60
3570 - 770 + 640a
Þ = 50
12a + 60
Þ 2800 + 640a = 600a + 3000
Þ 40a = 200 Þ a = 5
\ Frequency of 30 = 5a +3= 5(5)+3 [put a=5]
25+3=28
and frequency of 70 = 7a-11= 7(5)-11 [put a= 5]
=35-11= 24

Hence, the frequencies of 30 and 70 are respectively,

28 and 24.

Q. 11 The mean marks (out of 100) of boys and girls in

an examination are 70 and 73, respectively. If the
mean marks of all the students in that examination is
71, find the ratio of the number of boys to the number
of girls.

Sol.

Let x and y be the number of boys and girls,

respectively.

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Given, mean marks (out of 100) of boys ( x 1) = 70 and

mean marks (out of 100) of girls ( x 2 ) = 73

Also, given that, mean marks of all the students in the

examination ( x12 ) = 71

Now, using the formula,

x1n1 + x2 n2
= 71
n1 + n2
70n1 + 73n2
Þ = 71
n1 + n2
Combined mean, ( x12 ) = Þ 70n1 + 73n2 = 71n1 + 71n2
Þ 73n2 - 71n2 = 71n1 - 70n1
Þ 2n2 - n1
n1 2
Þ = or , n1 : n2 = 2 :1
n2 1

12 A total of 25 patients admitted to a hospital are

tested for levels of blood sugar, (mg/dl) and the results
obtained were as follows.

Find mean, median and mode (mg/dl) of the above

data.

Solution-

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Firstly, arrange the give table in ascending order,

which is shown below

Here, number of observations, n = 25

Mean of blood sugar testing

54 + 65 + 67 + 68 + 68 + 69 + 70 + 71 + 71 + 73 +
73 + 75 + 76 + 77 + 77 + 78 + 78 + 80 + 81

= = 81 + 83 + 85 + 85 + 85 + 87 = 1891 = 75.64
25 25

Here, n= 25 which is odd.

æn ö
So, we use the formula for median = çè + 1÷ø th observation
2

æ 25 + 1ö
çè ÷ th observation
2 ø

=13th observation = 77

We know that, mode is the highest frequency of an

observation. In the given table, we see that maximum

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repeated number is 85. Hence, mode of the given data

is 85.

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