ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY,

Arba Minch Water Technology Institute

Water supply and Environmental Engineering Faculty
School of graduate studies
Water treatment ( WSEE 661)
By Dr. Eng Kinfe Kassa
Design assignment on water treatment: for PG1WSEE
(Due date: 30/05/2021)

In the scope of this project, each student should prepare the detailed design of the
following units for the given water quality and quantity of River X. Place the results in
the provided Table. It is advised to show the design question at each section and
references used at the end of the document. It has to be written manually and
compiled.

Water Demand

A population of 200,000 and an average water consumption of 300 liter per capita per day
(LPCD) is proposed to design an appropriate WTP. The minimum and maximum average
consumption were suggested as 40% and 180%, respectively. The discharges can be
calculated as follows

Average discharge (Q avg.) = 200,000 × 300 LPCD = 60,000,000 L/day = 60,000 m 3

/day = 0.694 m3 /s

Minimum discharge (Q min) = 60,000 × 0.4 = 24,000 m3 /day = 0.278 m 3 /s

Maximum discharge (Q max) = 60,000 × 1.8 = 108,000 m3 /day = 1.25 m3 /s

Water Quality

The quality of the River x water is summarized in Table 1.

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Table 1: water Quality of River X

Average each parameter concentration then check whether the water quality fit for drinking. If not,
recommend treatment.

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Table 2: Quantity (flow) of River X

The quantity of River X water is shown in Table 2. Average each month flow and compare the maximum
and minimum and whether the minimum is enough for the average water demand calculated above.

Design of WTP Units

Units of WTP
The common steps of river water treatment are provided in Figure 3, and the processes are illustrated in
the following diagram.

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Figure 1. Diagram of Water Treatment processes

Intake

The basic function of the intake structure is to help safely withdraw water from the water
source and to discharge this water into the withdrawal conduit (normally called intake
conduit) through which it flows up to a WTP. The water is diverted through a raw water
gravity pipe into the wet well (intake).

drawings
 Plan of the intakes
 Detail of one of the wet
wells
 Detail of the strainer
Dimensions

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  Use Four wet well (intake)
 Velocity of the gravity pipe
 Diameter of each raw water
gravity pipe, m
 Discharge of each pipe (Q)
 Design of each suction pipe
 The cross section of the
suction pipe
 cross section area of the
pipe
 the detail design of the
strainer (filter)

Coagulation

Coagulation is the process of adding a coagulant to water to destabilize colloidal

suspensions, and the steps of the design criteria of the coagulation tank. Design for
average flow. Use two coagulation tanks in parallel.

drawings
 Plan view
 Cross section
 Longitudinal section
 Plant lay out
 Detail of coagulation tanks
Dimensions
 Number of tanks
 Tank shape
 Diameter of each tank, m
 length of each tank, m
 width of each tank, m
 Depth of each tank, m
 Volume of each tank, m3
Design parameters
 Reynolds number
 Power (W)
 G (sec-1)
 tR(sec)
 Rotational speed of shaft (rpm)
 Impeller diameter (m)
 Mixer type (turbine or propeller type, etc)
 Blade length (m)

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  Blade width (m)
 Baffle width (m)
Flocculation

Flocculation is the process of slow mixing that can be achieved in a basin, which is
known as a flocculator. The design criteria of the flocculation tank are based on
references. Use six flocculation tanks (with two parallel tanks).

Check list
 Number of tanks
 Number of compartment
 Length of each compartment, m
 width of each compartment, m
 Depth of each compartment, m
 volume of each compartment, m3
Rotational speed of shaft (rpm)
 Compartment 1
 Compartment 2
 Compartment 3
G (sec-1)
 Compartment 1
 Compartment 2
 Compartment 3
GT
Residence time (tR) (seconds)
Blade dimensions
 Number of paddle wheels per shaft
 number of blades per paddle
 Length of blade (m)
 width of blade (m)
 Total paddle area (total area)
 Space between each paddle
 Distance between each blade pairs, m
Distance between each blade pairs, m
D1
D2
D3
L/W ratio
Peripheral tip velocity of each pair, m/sec
 Compartment 1
 Compartment 2
 Compartment 3
Velocity Of each blade pair relative to water,
m/s

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  Compartment 1
 Compartment 2
 Compartment 3
Sedimentation (clarification)

Sedimentation, also known as settling or clarification, is the process of removing solid

particles by gravity. To design a clarification tank, complete the Table below. Use four
clarification tanks in parallel.

Check list
Cover page
Content page
Executive summary
Brief description of process
References list
drawings
 Plan view
 Cross section
 Longitudinal section
 Plant lay out
Dimensions
 Number of tanks
 Tank shape
 Diameter of each tank, m
 length of each tank, m
 width of each tank, m
 side wall depth, m
 Volume of each tank, m3
 Width of effluent launder (m)
Design parameters
 Surface loading (m3/m2d)
 Weir loading (m3/m2d)
 Reynolds number
 Froude number
 Horizontal velocity (m/min)
 Bottom slope
 tR (hr)
Circular tank
 Central feed well diameter, m
 Depth, m

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  Travelling bridge type (half, full, 2/3)

Filtration

Filtration aims to remove the suspended solids that are not removed in the
sedimentation unit or when the removal of these particles take a long time outside the
basin. Use a rapid sand filtration. Use a total of 10 filter units in parallel, and calculate
the area of one filter units, refer a design criteria from your notes or book.

drawings
 Plan view filtration units
 Cross section
 Longitudinal section
 Plant layout
 Detail of one filter unit
 Section of one filter media
Dimensions
 Number of filter
 Total area of filter
 Filter shape
 Size of each filter
 length of each tank, m
 width of each tank, m
 side wall depth, m
 Volume of each tank, m3
 Width of effluent launder (m)
 Detail of one filter unit
Design parameters
 Surface loading (m3/m2d)
 Filtration rate
 Backwashing rate
 Trough design (detail of the trough)
 Water used for back washing

Disinfection

When the filtered water comes out from the filter unit, bacteria and other
microorganisms, which may be pathogenic, may exist. Thus, disinfection is necessary to
eliminate bacteria and other microorganisms and consequently prevent waterborne
diseases. Disinfection involves a number of methods. The use of chlorine has become

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particularly common in disinfecting water. It is inexpensive, reliable, and relatively safe
to handle. Refer a design criteria from your notes or book. Make the residence time of the
baffled reactor 0.5 hours or otherwise.

drawings
 Plan of the disinfection and storage
tanks
 Section of the disinfection and
storage tanks
Dimensions
 Shape of disinfecting
 Size of tank
 length of each tank, m
 width of each tank, m
 side wall depth, m
 Volume of each tank, m3
 From Lab if chlorine dose is
0.36mg/L
1. Residual chlorine
2. Chlorine demand
3. Chlorine required for one day

Fill below as summary on the outline of the design in a Table

No. Unit No of units Shape of Dimension Notes (eg.

description unit of units Loading
rats)
1 Intake 4
2 Coagulation
3 Flocculation
4 Clarification
5 Filtration
6 Disinfection
7 Storage and
pumping

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