NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

EXERCISE- 2.1

Question 1:

Which one of the following is a polynomial?

x2 2
( A) - (B) 2 x - 1
2 x2
3
3x2
x -1
(C ) x 2 + (D)
x x+2

Answer 1:

3
3x2
(C ) x 2 +
x

Solution.

3
3x 2 3x x
x2 + = x2 + = x 2 + 3x
x x

The exponent of the variable after simplification is a whole

number, so it is a polynomial.

Hence, the option (C) is correct.

Question 2:

√2 is a polynomial of degree

(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 12

Answer 2:

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(B) 0

Solution: √2=√2.𝑥0

The exponent of the variable after simplification is 0, so it is a

polynomial of degree 0.

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

Question 3: Degree of the polynomial 4x4 + 0x3+ 0x5 + 5x + 7

is

(A) 4 (B) 5

(C) 3 (D) 7

Answer 3:

(A) 4

Solution:

4x4 + 0x3+ 0x5 + 5x + 7

The highest exponent of the variable is 4, so it is a polynomial

of degree 4.

Hence, the option (A) is correct.

Question 4:

Degree of the zero polynomial is

(A) 0

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(B) 1

(C) Any natural number

(D) Not defined

Answer 4:

(D) Not defined

Solution:

The highest exponent of the variable can be any whole number

in zero polynomial, so its degree can’t be defined.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Question 5:

If (𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 2√2𝑥 +1, then p (2 √2) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1

(C) 4√2 (D) 8 √2 +1

Answer 5:

(B) 1

Solution:

Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 2√2𝑥 +1

So, (2 √2)

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= (2 √2)2 – 2√2(2 √2) +1=8−8+1=1

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

Question 6:

The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3, when x = –1 is

(A) – 6 (B) 6

(C) 2 (D) –2

Answer 6:

(A) – 6

Solution:

Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 5𝑥 – 4𝑥2 + 3

So, (−1)= 5(−1) – 4(−1)2 + 3=−5−4+3=−6

Hence, the option (A) is correct.

Question 7:

If p(x ) = x + 3, then p( x) + p(–x) is equal to

(A) 3 (B) 2x

(C) 0 (D) 6

Answer 7:

(D) 6

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Solution:

Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3

So, (𝑥) + (−𝑥)= 𝑥 + 3+(− 𝑥)+ 3=𝑥−𝑥+6=6

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Question 8:

Zero of the zero polynomial is

(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) Any real number

(D) Not defined

Answer 8:

(C) Any real number

Solution:

Every real number is a zero of a zero polynomial.

Hence, the option (C) is correct.

Question 9:

Zero of the polynomial p(x) = 2x + 5 is

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2 5
(A) - (B) -
5 2
2 5
(C) (D)
5 2

Answer 9:

5
(B) -
2

Solution:

Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5

For zeroes, (𝑥)=0

⟹ 2𝑥 + 5=0

⟹ 2𝑥=−5

5
⟹ 𝑥= -
2

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

Question 10:

One of the zeroes of the polynomial 2x2 + 7x – 4 is

1
(A) 2 (B)
2
1
(C) - (D) -2
2

Answer 10:

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1
(B)
2

Solution:

Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 7𝑥− 4

For zeroes, (𝑥)=0

⟹ 2𝑥2 + 7𝑥− 4=0

⟹ 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥−𝑥− 4=0

⟹ 2(𝑥+4) −1(𝑥+ 4)=0

⟹ (𝑥+4)(2𝑥−1)=0

⟹ 𝑥+4=0 or 2𝑥−1=0

1
⟹ 𝑥=−4 or 𝑥=
2

1
⟹ 𝑥= is one of the zeroes of the given polynomial.
2

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

Question 11:

If 𝑥51 + 51 is divided by x + 1, the remainder is

(A) 0 (B) 1

(C) 49 (D) 50

Answer 11:

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(D) 50

Solution:

Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 𝑥51 + 51

Using remainder theorem, if (𝑥)= 𝑥51 + 51 is divided by x + 1,

the remainder is given by

For zeroes, (−1)= (−1)51 + 51=−1+51=50

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Question 12:

If x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial 2x2 + kx, then the value of

k is

(A) –3 (B) 4

(C) 2 (D) –2

Answer 12:

(C) 2

Solution:

Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 𝑘𝑥

According to factor theorem, if (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 𝑘𝑥 is divided by x +

1, the remainder is 0. ⟹(−1)=0 ⟹2(−1)2 + 𝑘(−1)=0 ⟹2− 𝑘=0
⟹ 𝑘=2

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Hence, the option (C) is correct.

Question 13:

x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial

(A) x3+ x2– x + 1 (B) x3 + x2 + x + 1

(C) x4+ x3 + x2 + 1 (D) x4 + 3x3 + 3x2 + x + 1

Answer 13:

(B) x3 + x2 + x + 1

Solution:

According to factor theorem, if the polynomial is divided by x +

1, the remainder is 0.

In case (A), (𝑥)= x3+ x2– x + 1

⟹𝑝(−1)=(−1)3+(−1)2−(−1)+1=−1+1+1+1=2≠0

So, x + 1 is not a factor of this polynomial.

In case (B), (𝑥)= x3 + x2 + x + 1

⟹𝑝(−1)=(−1)3+(−1)2+(−1)+1=−1+1−1+1=0

So, x + 1 is a factor of this polynomial.

In case (C), (𝑥)= x4+ x3 + x2 + 1

⟹𝑝(−1)=(−1)4+(−1)3+(−1)2+1=1−1+1+1=2≠0

So, x + 1 is not a factor of this polynomial.

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In case (D), (𝑥)= x4 + 3x3 + 3x2 + x + 1

⟹𝑝(−1)=(−1)4+3(−1)3+3(−1)2+(−1)+1 =1−3+3−1+1=1≠0

So, x + 1 is not a factor of this polynomial.

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

Question 14:

One of the factors of (25𝑥2−1) + (1 + 5𝑥)2 is

(A) 5 + x (B) 5 – x (C) 5x – 1 (D) 10x

Answer 14:

(D) 10x

Solution:

Given polynomial: (𝑥)= (25𝑥2−1) + (1 + 5𝑥)2 𝑝(𝑥)= (25𝑥2−1) +

(1+25x2+10𝑥) =50𝑥2+10𝑥 =10𝑥(5𝑥+1)

⟹10𝑥 and 5𝑥+1 are the factors of given polynomial.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Question 15:

The value of 2492 – 2482 is

(A) 12 (B) 477

(C) 487 (D) 497

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Answer 15:

(D) 497

Solution:

Given expression: 2492 – 2482

= (249−248)×(249+248)

[∵ a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)] =1×497 =497

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Question 16:

The factorisation of 4x2 + 8x + 3 is

(A) (x + 1) (x + 3) (B) (2x + 1) (2x + 3)

(C) (2x + 2) (2x + 5) (D) (2x –1) (2x –3)

Answer 16:

(B) (2x + 1) (2x + 3)

Solution:

Given Polynomial: 4x2 + 8x + 3

= 4𝑥2+6𝑥+2𝑥+3

[𝐵𝑦 Splitting middle term] =2(2𝑥+3)+1(2𝑥+3) =(2𝑥+3)(2𝑥+1)

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

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Question 17:

Which of the following is a factor of

(x + y)3 – (x3 + y3)?

(A) x2 + y2+ 2xy (B) x2 + y2– xy

(C) xy2 (D) 3xy

Answer 17:

(D) 3xy

Solution:

Given Polynomial: (x + y)3 – (x3 + y3)

= (𝑥3+𝑦3+3𝑥2𝑦+3𝑥𝑦2)−(𝑥3+𝑦3) [∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3

+3a2b+3ab2)] =3𝑥2𝑦+3𝑥𝑦2 =3𝑥𝑦(𝑥+𝑦)

⟹ 3𝑥𝑦 and (𝑥+𝑦) are factors of given polynomial.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Question 18:

The coefficient of x in the expansion of (x + 3)3 is

(A) 1 (B) 9

(C) 18 (D) 27

Answer 18:

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(D) 27

Solution:

Given Polynomial: (x + 3)3

= 𝑥3+33+3𝑥2(3)+3𝑥(3)2 [∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3 +3a2b+3ab2)]

=𝑥3+27+9𝑥2+27𝑥

⟹ The coefficient of x in the expansion

(x + 3)3 is 27.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Question 19:

x y
If + =−1 (𝑥,≠0), the value of 𝑥3−𝑦3 is
y x

(A) 1 (B) –1

1
(C) 0 (D)
2

Answer 19:

(C) 0

Solution:

x y
Given that: + = -1
y x

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x2 + y 2
Þ = -1
xy

⟹𝑥2+𝑦2=−𝑥𝑦 ⟹𝑥2+𝑦2+𝑥𝑦=0

Now, 𝑥3−𝑦3

= (𝑥−𝑦)(𝑥2+𝑦2+𝑥𝑦) [∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)] = (𝑥−𝑦)(0)

=0

Hence, the option (C) is correct.

Question 20:

1 1
If 49𝑥2−𝑏=( 7𝑥+ )(7𝑥− ), then the value of b is
2 2

1
(A) 0 (B)
2

1 1
(C) (D)
4 2

Answer 20:

1
(C)
4

Solution:

1 1 1
Given that: 49𝑥2−𝑏=( 7𝑥+ )(7𝑥− ) ⟹49𝑥2−𝑏=(7𝑥)2−( )2
2 2 2

⟹49𝑥2−𝑏=49𝑥2−14

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1
⟹𝑏=
4

Hence, the option (C) is correct.

Question 21:

If a + b + c = 0, then a3+ b3+ c3 is equal to

(A) 0 (B) abc

(C) 3abc (D) 2abc

Answer 21:

(C) 3abc

Solution:

We know that:

𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)

If a + b + c = 0, then we have
𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(0)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎) ⟹𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=0
⟹𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3=3𝑎𝑏𝑐

Hence, the option (C) is correct.

EXERCISE- 2.2

Question 1:

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Which of the following expressions are polynomials? Justify your

answer:

(i) 8 (ii) √3 x2 – 2x

1
(iii) 1– √5𝑥 (iv) + 5x + 7
5 x -2

( x - 2)(x - 4) 1
(v) (vi)
x x +1

1 3 2 2
(vii) a - a + 4a - 7
7 3

1
(viii)
2x

Answer 1:

(i) 8

Given expression is 8 = 8x0

As the exponent of the variable is a whole number.

Hence, it is a polynomial.

(ii) √3x2 – 2x

Given expression is √3x2 – 2x

As the exponent of the variable is a whole number.

Hence, it is a polynomial.

(iii) 1– √5𝑥

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1
Given expression is 1– √5𝑥= 1 - 5( x) 2

As the exponent of the variable is ½ (not a whole number).

Hence, it is not a polynomial.

1 1
(iv) -2
+ 5x + 7 = x2 + 5x + 7
5x 5

As the exponent of the variable is a whole number.

Hence, it is a polynomial.

( x - 2)( x - 4)
(v )
x

( x - 2)( x - 4)
Given expression is
x

x2 - 6 x + 8
= 1 - 6 x -1 + 8 x -2
x

As the exponent of the variable is not a whole number.

Hence, it is not a polynomial.

1
(vi)
x +1

1
Given expression is=
x +1

As the exponent of the variable is not a whole number.

Hence, it is not a polynomial.

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1 2 2
(vii) a3 - a + 4a - 7
7 3

1 3 2 2
Given expression is a - a + 4a - 7
7 3

As the exponent of the variable is a whole number.

Hence, it is a polynomial.

1
(viii )
2x

1 1 -1
Given expression is = x
2x 2

As the exponent of the variable is – 1 (not a whole number).

Hence, it is not a polynomial.

Question 2:

Write whether the following statements are True or False. Justify

your answer.

(i) A binomial can have at most two terms

(ii) Every polynomial is a binomial

(iii) A binomial may have degree 5

(iv) Zero of a polynomial is always 0

(v) A polynomial cannot have more than one zero

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(vi) The degree of the sum of two polynomials each of degree 5

is always 5.

Answer 2:

(i) False

Because a binomial has exactly two terms.

(ii) False

Because a polynomial can be monomial, binomial, trinomial, etc.

For example:

x5 + x + 1 is a polynomial but not a binomial.

(iii) True

Because the degree of a polynomial is a whole number. So,

degree can be 5 also.

(iv) False

Because zero of a polynomial can be any real number.

(v) False

A polynomial can have any number of zeroes. It depends upon

the degree of the polynomial.

(vi) False

It may be less than or equal to 5.

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For example:

Case: I

x5 + 1 and – x5 + 2x2 + 3 are two polynomials of degree 5 but

the degree of the sum of the two polynomials is 2.

Case: II

x5 + 1 and x5 + 2x2 + 3 are two polynomials of degree 5 but the

degree of the sum of the two polynomials is 5.

EXERCISE- 2.3

Question 1:

Classify the following polynomials as polynomials in one variable,

two variables etc.

(i) x2+ x + 1 (ii) y3 – 5y

(iii) xy + yz + zx (iv) x2 – 2xy + y2+ 1

Answer 1:

(i) x2+ x + 1

Solution-

It is a polynomial in one variable (x is the only variable).

(ii) y3 – 5y

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It is a polynomial in one variable (y is the only variable).

(iii) xy + yz + zx

It is a polynomial in three variables (x, y and z are the variables).

(iv) x2 – 2xy + y2+ 1

It is a polynomial in two variables (x and y are the variables).

Question 2:

Determine the degree of each of the following polynomials:

(i) 2x – 1 (ii) –10

(iii) x3 – 9x + 3x5 (iv) y3 (1 – y4)

Answer 2:

The maximum exponent of the variable of a polynomial is the

degree of polynomial.

(i) 2x – 1

The maximum exponent of the variable is 1. So, the degree is 1.

(ii) –10 = –10x0

The maximum exponent of the variable is 0. So, the degree is 0.

(iii) x3 – 9x + 3x5

The maximum exponent of the variable is 5.

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So, the degree is 5.

(iv) y3 (1 – y4) = y3 – y7

The maximum exponent of the variable is 7.

So, the degree is 7.

Question 3:

x3 + 2 x + 1 7 2 6
For the polynomial - x - x , write
5 2

(i) the degree of the polynomial

(ii) the coefficient of x3

(iii) the coefficient of x6

(iv) the constant term

Answer 3:

(i) 6

The maximum exponent of the variable is 6. So, the degree is 6.

x3 + 2 x + 1 7 2 6
(ii) Given that: - x -x
5 2

x3 2 x + 1 7 2 6
= + - x -x
5 5 2

1
The coefficient of 𝑥3 is
5

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(iii) −1

The coefficient of 𝑥6 is −1.

(iv) Given that:

x3 + 2 x + 1 7 2
- x - x6
5 2
3
x 2x 1 7 2
= + + - x - x6
5 5 5 2

1
The constant term is .
5

Question 4:

Write the coefficient of x2 in each of the following:

p
(i) x +𝑥2−1 (ii) 3x – 5
6

(iii) (x –1) (3x – 4)

(iv) (2x – 5) (2x2 – 3x + 1)

Answer 4:

(i) 1

p
The coefficient of x2 in x +𝑥2−1 is 1.
6

(ii) 0

The coefficient of x2 in 3x – 5 is 0 as there is not any term

containing x2.

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(iii) Given that: (x –1) (3x – 4) =3𝑥2−7𝑥+4

The coefficient of x2 in 3𝑥2−7𝑥+4 is 3.

(iv) Given that: (2x – 5) (2x2 – 3x + 1) =4𝑥3−16𝑥2+17𝑥−5

The coefficient of x2 in 4𝑥3−16𝑥2+17𝑥−5 is −16.

Question 5:

Classify the following as a constant, linear, quadratic and cubic

polynomials:

(i) 2 – x2 + x3 (ii) 3x3

(iii) 5t – √7 (iv) 4 – 5y2

(v) 3 (vi) 2 + x (vii) y3 – y

(viii) 1 + x + x2

(ix) t2 (x) √2x – 1

Answer 5:

Constant Polynomial: A polynomial of degree 0

Linear Polynomial: A polynomial of degree 1

Quadratic Polynomial: A polynomial of degree 2

Cubic Polynomial: A polynomial of degree 3

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(i) Cubic (ii) Cubic (iii) Linear (iv) Quadratic (v) Constant (vi)
Linear (vii) Cubic (viii) Quadratic (ix) Quadratic (x) Linear

Question 6:

Give an example of a polynomial, which is:

(i) monomial of degree 1

(ii) binomial of degree 20

(iii) trinomial of degree 2

Answer 6:

(i) monomial of degree 1 = 10x

(ii) binomial of degree 20 = y20 – y

(iii) trinomial of degree 2 = 1 + x + x2

Question 7:

Find the value of the polynomial 3𝑥3 – 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 5, when x = 3

and also when x = –3.

Answer 7:

Let (𝑥)=3𝑥3 – 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 5

So, the value of 3𝑥3 – 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 5, when x = 3 is given by (3)

=3(3)3 – 4(3)2 + 7(3) – 5 =81 – 36 + 21 – 5 =102 – 41 =61

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The value of 3𝑥3 – 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 5, when x = –3 is given by (−3)

=3(−3)3 – 4(−3)2 + 7(−3) – 5 =−81−36− 21 – 5 =−143

Question 8:

1
If (𝑥)=𝑥2 – 4𝑥 + 3, evaluate: 𝑝(2)−𝑝(−1)+𝑝( ).
2

Answer 8:

Given that: (𝑥)=𝑥2 – 4𝑥 + 3

So, (2)=(2)2− 4(2)+3 =4− 8+3 =7 – 8 =−1

(−1) =(−1)2− 4(−1)+3 =1+ 4+3 = 8

1 1 1
( ) =( )2− 4( )+3
2 2 2

1 1 5
= − 2+3 = +1=
4 4 4

1 5 5 5 31
Now, (2)−𝑝(−1)+𝑝( ) =−1−8+ =−9+ =−36+ = -
2 4 4 4 4

Question 9:

Find (0),(1),𝑝(−2) for the following polynomials:

(i) (𝑥)=10𝑥−4𝑥2 –3

(ii) (𝑦)=(y + 2) (y – 2)

Answer 9:

(i) (𝑥)=10𝑥−4𝑥2 –3

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Given that: (𝑥)=10𝑥−4𝑥2 –3

So (0)=10(0)−4(0)2−3 =0− 0−3 = −3

(1) =10(1)−4(1)2−3 =10−4−3 = 10−7 =3

(−2) =10(−2)−4(−2)2−3 =−20−16−3 = −39

(ii) (𝑦)=(y + 2) (y – 2)

Given that: (𝑦)=(y + 2) (y – 2)

So, (0)=(0 + 2) (0 – 2) =(2) (−2) =−4

(1)=(1 + 2) (1 – 2) =(3) (−1) =−3

(−2)=(−2 + 2) (−2 – 2) =(0) (−4) =0

Question 10:

Verify whether the following are True or False:

(i) –3 is a zero of x – 3

1
(ii) - is a zero of 3x + 1
3

4
(iii) - is a zero of 4 –5y
5

(iv) 0 and 2 are the zeroes of t2 – 2t

(v) –3 is a zero of y2 + y – 6

Answer 10:

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(i) False

(𝑥)=𝑥 –3 ⟹(−3)=−3 –3=−6≠0

⟹ −3 is not a zero of 𝑥 –3.

(ii) True

1 1
(𝑥)=3𝑥+1 ⟹( - )=3( - )+1=−1+1=0
3 3

1
⟹ - is a zero of 3𝑥+1.
3

(iii) False

(𝑦)=4 –5y

4 4
⟹(− )=4−5(− )=4+4=8≠0
5 5

4
⟹− is not a zero of 4 –5y.
5

(iv) True

(𝑡)=t2 – 2t ⟹(0)=(0)2−2(0)=0−0=0

⟹ 0 is a zero of t2 – 2t.

And (2)=(2)2−2(2)=4−4=0

⟹ 2 is a zero of t2 – 2t.

(v) True

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(𝑦)=y2+ y – 6

⟹(−3)=(−3)2+ (−3) – 6=9−3−6=0

⟹ −3 is a zero of y2+ y – 6.

Question 11:

Find the zeroes of the polynomial in each of the following:

(i) p(x) = x – 4 (ii) g(x) = 3 – 6x

(iii) q(x) = 2x –7 (iv) h(y) = 2y

Answer 11:

(i) (𝑥)=𝑥 –4

For zeroes, put (𝑥)=0 ⟹𝑥−4=0

⟹ 𝑥=4.

(ii) (𝑥)=3−6𝑥

For zeroes, put (𝑥)=0 ⟹3−6𝑥=0

3 1
⟹ 𝑥= = .
6 2

(iii) (𝑥)=2x –7

For zeroes, put (𝑥)=0 ⟹2x –7=0

7
⟹ 𝑥= .
2

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

(iv) ℎ(𝑦)=2y

For zeroes, put ℎ(𝑥)=0 ⟹2y =0

0
⟹ 𝑦= =0.
2

Question 12:

Find the zeroes of the polynomial:

(𝑥)=(𝑥 –2)2−(𝑥+2)2

Answer 12:

Given that: (𝑥)=(𝑥 –2)2−(𝑥+2)2

For zeroes, put (𝑥)=0

⟹(𝑥 –2)2−(𝑥+2)2=0

⟹ (𝑥2−4𝑥+4)−(𝑥2+4𝑥+4)=0

⟹ 𝑥2−4𝑥+4−𝑥2−4𝑥−4=0 ⟹−8𝑥=0

0
⟹𝑥= =0
-8

Question 13:

By actual division, find the quotient and the remainder when the
first polynomial is divided by the second polynomial: x4 + 1; x
–1

Answer 13:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

We have to divide x4 + 1 by x –1.

Quotient = x3 + x2 + x + 1

Remainder = 2

Question 14:

By Remainder Theorem find the remainder, when p(x) is divided

by g(x), where (i) (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 2𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 1,

(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1

(ii) (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 50, (𝑥) = 𝑥 – 3

(iii) (𝑥) = 4𝑥3 – 12𝑥2 + 14𝑥 – 3, (𝑥) = 2𝑥 – 1

(iv) (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 6𝑥2 + 2𝑥 – 4, (𝑥) = 1 – 32 𝑥

Answer 14:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

(i). We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 2𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 1, (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥 + 1=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−1

According to remainder theorem if (𝑥) is divided by (𝑥), the

remainder is given by (−1) = (−1)3 – 2(−1)2 – 4(−1) – 1 = −1
– 2+4−1 = 0

(ii). We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 50, (𝑥) = 𝑥 – 3

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥 – 3=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =3

According to remainder theorem if (𝑥) is divided by (𝑥), the

remainder is given by (3) = (3)3 – 3(3)2+ 4(3)+50 = 27 –
27+12+50 = 62

(iii). We have (𝑥) = 4𝑥3 – 12𝑥2 + 14𝑥 – 3, (𝑥) = 2𝑥 – 1

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 2𝑥 – 1=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =12

According to remainder theorem if (𝑥) is divided by (𝑥), the

1 1 1 1
remainder is given by ( ) = 4( )3 – 12( )2+ 14( )−3
2 2 2 2

1 1 1
= 4× –12× +14× −3
8 4 2

1 3
= −3+7−3=
2 2

3
(iv). We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 6𝑥2 + 2𝑥 – 4, (𝑥) = 1 – 𝑥
2

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

3
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 1 – 𝑥=0
2

2
⟹𝑥=
3

According to remainder theorem if (𝑥) is divided by (𝑥), the

2 2 2 2
remainder is given by ( ) = ( )3− 6( )2+ 2( )−4
3 3 3 3

8 - 72 + 36 - 108
=
8 4 2 8 24 4 27
= –6× +2× −4 = − + −4
27 9 3 27 9 3 44 - 180 136
= =-
27 27

Question 15:

Check whether (𝑥) is a multiple of (𝑥) or not:

(i) (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 5𝑥2 + 4𝑥 – 3, (𝑥) = 𝑥 – 2

(ii) (𝑥)= 2𝑥3 – 11𝑥2− 4𝑥+5, 𝑔(𝑥)= 2𝑥+1

Answer 15:

(i). We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 5𝑥2 + 4𝑥 – 3, (𝑥) = 𝑥 – 2

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥−2=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =2

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a multiple of (𝑥), the

remainder (2) should be zero.

Remainder =(2) = (2)3 – 5(2)2+ 4(2) – 3 = 8 – 20+8−3 =

16−23=−7≠0

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

⟹ (𝑥) is not a multiple of (𝑥).

(ii). We have (𝑥)= 2𝑥3 – 11𝑥2− 4𝑥+5, 𝑔(𝑥)= 2𝑥+1

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 2𝑥+1=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−g

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a multiple of (𝑥), the

1
remainder (− ) should be zero.
2

1
Remainder =(− )
2

1 1 1
= 2(− )3−11(− )2− 4(− )+5
2 2 2

1 1 1
= −2× −11× +4× +5
8 4 2

1 11 12
=− − +2+5 = − +7
4 4 4

= −3+7 = 4≠0

⟹ (𝑥) is not a multiple of (𝑥).

Question 16:

Show that:

(i) 𝑥+3 is a factor of 69+11𝑥−𝑥2+𝑥3.

(ii) 2𝑥−3 is a factor of 𝑥+2𝑥3 – 9𝑥2+12.

Answer 16:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

(i). We have (𝑥) = 69+11𝑥−𝑥2+𝑥3, (𝑥)= 𝑥+3

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥+3=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−3

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥), the remainder

(−3) should be zero.

Remainder =(−3) = 69+11(−3)−(−3)2+(−3)3 = 69−33−9−27

= 69−69=0

⟹ (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥).

(ii). We have (𝑥)= 𝑥+2𝑥3 – 9𝑥2+12, 𝑔(𝑥)= 2𝑥−3

3
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 2𝑥−3=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =
2

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥), the remainder

3
( ) should be zero.
2

3
Remainder =( )
2

3 3 3
= ( )+2( )3 – 9( )2+12
2 2 2

3 27 81
= + − +12
2 4 4

6 + 27 - 81 + 48
=
4
81 - 81
= =0
4

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

⟹ (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥).

Question 17:

Determine which of the following polynomials has x – 2 a factor:

(i) 3𝑥2+6𝑥−24. (ii) 4𝑥2+𝑥−2.

Answer 17:

(i). We have (𝑥)

= 3𝑥2+6𝑥−24, (𝑥)= 𝑥−2

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥−2=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =2

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥), the remainder

(2) should be zero.

Remainder =(2) = 3(2)2+6(2)−24 = 12+12−24 = 24−24=0

⟹ (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥).

(ii). We have (𝑥)= 4𝑥2+𝑥−2, 𝑔(𝑥)= 𝑥−2

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥−2=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =2

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥), the remainder

(2) should be zero.

Remainder =(2) = 4(2)2+(2)−2 = 16+2−2 =16≠0

⟹ (𝑥) is not a factor of (𝑥).

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Question 18:

Show that p – 1 is a factor of p10 – 1 and also of p11 – 1.

Answer 18:

We have (𝑝) = 𝑝10−1, ℎ(𝑝)= 𝑝−1

Put ℎ(𝑝)=0 ⟹ 𝑝−1=0 ⟹ 𝑝 =1

According to factor theorem if ℎ(𝑝) is a factor of 𝑔(𝑝), the

remainder 𝑔(1) should be zero.

Remainder =(1) = (1)10−1 = 1−1=0

⟹ ℎ(𝑝) is a factor of 𝑔(𝑝).

Now, we have (𝑝) = 𝑝11−1, ℎ(𝑝)= 𝑝−1

Put ℎ(𝑝)=0 ⟹ 𝑝−1=0 ⟹ 𝑝 =1

According to factor theorem if ℎ(𝑝) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑝), the

remainder 𝑓(1) should be zero.

Remainder =(1) = (1)11−1 = 1−1=0

⟹ ℎ(𝑝) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑝).

Question 19:

For what value of m is 𝑥3 – 2𝑚𝑥2 + 16 divisible by x + 2?

Answer 19:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 2𝑚𝑥2 + 16, (𝑥)= 𝑥+2

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹𝑥+2=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−2

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is divisible by (𝑥), the

remainder (−2) should be zero.

Remainder =(−2)=0

⟹ (−2)3− 2(−2)2 + 16=0

⟹ −8−8𝑚+ 16=0

⟹ 8−8𝑚=0

⟹ 8𝑚=8

⟹ 𝑚=1

Question 20:

If 𝑥+2𝑎 is a factor of 𝑥5 – 4𝑎2𝑥3 + 2𝑥+2𝑎+3, find a.

Answer 20:

We have (𝑥)= 𝑥5 – 4𝑎2𝑥3 + 2𝑥+2𝑎+3, 𝑔(𝑥)= 𝑥+2𝑎

Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹𝑥+2𝑎=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−2𝑎

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥), the remainder

(−2𝑎) should be zero.

Remainder =(−2𝑎)=0

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

⟹ (−2𝑎)5 – 4𝑎2(−2𝑎)3 + 2(−2𝑎)+2𝑎+3=0

⟹ −32𝑎5+32𝑎2𝑎3−4𝑎+2𝑎+3=0

⟹ −32𝑎5+32𝑎5−2𝑎+3=0

⟹−2𝑎+3=0 ⟹ −2𝑎=−3

3
⟹ 𝑎=
2

Question 21:

Find the value of m so that 2x – 1 be a factor of

8𝑥4+4𝑥3−16𝑥2+10𝑥+𝑚.

Answer 21:

We have (𝑥)= 8𝑥4+4𝑥3−16𝑥2+10𝑥+𝑚, 𝑔(𝑥)= 2𝑥−1

Put (𝑥)=0

1
⟹2𝑥−1=0 ⟹ 2𝑥 =1 ⟹ 𝑥 =
2

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥), the remainder

1
( ) should be zero.
2

1
Remainder =( )=0
2

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
⟹ 8( )4+4( )3−16( )2+10( )+𝑚=0 ⟹ 8× +4× −16×
2 2 2 2 16 8 4
1
+10× +𝑚=0
2

1 1
⟹ + −4+5+𝑚=0
2 2

⟹2+𝑚=0 ⟹ 𝑚=−2

Question 22:

If x + 1 is a factor of 𝑎𝑥3+𝑥2−2𝑥+4𝑎−9, find the value of a.

Answer 22:

We have (𝑥)= 𝑎𝑥3+𝑥2−2𝑥+4𝑎−9,

(𝑥)= 𝑥+1

Put (𝑥)=0

⟹𝑥+1=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−1

According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥), the remainder

(−1) should be zero.

Remainder =(−1)=0

⟹ (−1)3+(−1)2−2(−1)+4𝑎−9=0

⟹ −𝑎+1+2+4𝑎−9=0

⟹ 3𝑎−6=0 ⟹3𝑎=6 ⟹ 𝑎=2

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Question 24:

Factorise:

(i) 2𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 – 17𝑥 + 30 (ii) 𝑥3 – 6𝑥2 + 11𝑥 – 6

(iii) 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 4 (iv) 3𝑥3 – 𝑥2 – 3𝑥 + 1

Answer 24:

(i). Given that: (𝑥)=2𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 – 17𝑥 + 30 ⟹𝑝(1)=2(1)3 – 3(1)2

– 17(1) + 30 =2−3−17+30

=32−20 =12≠0

(2)=2(2)3 – 3(2)2 – 17(2) + 30

=16−12−34+30

=46−46 =0

⟹(𝑥−2) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥).

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Now, 𝑝(𝑥)=(𝑥−2)(2𝑥2+𝑥−15) =(𝑥−2)(2𝑥2+6𝑥−5𝑥−15)

=(𝑥−2)[2𝑥(𝑥+3)−5(𝑥+3)] =(𝑥−2)[(𝑥+3)(2𝑥−5)]
=(𝑥−2)(𝑥+3)(2𝑥−5)

(ii). Given that: (𝑥)=𝑥3 – 6𝑥2 + 11𝑥 – 6 ⟹𝑝(1)=(1)3 –

6(1)2+11(1)−6

=1−6+11−6 =12−12 =0

⟹(𝑥−1) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥).

Now, 𝑝(𝑥)=(𝑥−1)(𝑥2−5𝑥+6) =(𝑥−1)(𝑥2−3𝑥−2𝑥+6)

=(𝑥−1)[𝑥(𝑥−3)−2(𝑥−3)] =(𝑥−1)[(𝑥−3)(𝑥−2)]
=(𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)

(iii). Given that: (𝑥)=𝑥3 + 𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 4 ⟹𝑝(1)=(1)3+(1)2−4(1)−4

=1+1−4−4 =2−8 =−6≠0

(−1)=(−1)3+(−1)2−4(−1)−4 =−1+1+4−4 =5−5=0

⟹(𝑥+1) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥).

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Now, (𝑥)=(𝑥−1)(3𝑥2+2𝑥−1) =(𝑥−1)(3𝑥2+3𝑥−𝑥−1)

=(𝑥−1)[3𝑥(𝑥+1)−1(𝑥+1)] =(𝑥−1)[(𝑥+1)(3𝑥−1)]
=(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1)(3𝑥−1)

Question 25:

Using suitable identity, evaluate the following:

(i) 1033 (ii) 101 × 102 (iii) 9992

Answer 25:

(i). Given that: 1033 = (103)3

= (100+3)3

=(100)3+(3)3+3(100)23+3(100)32

[∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 )]

=1000000+27+90000+2700 =1092727

(ii). Given that: 101 × 102 = (100+1)×(100+2) =

(100)2+(1+2)100+1×2

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

[∵(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)=𝑥2+(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥+𝑎×𝑏]

= 10000+300+2 =10302

(iii). Given that: 9992 = (999)2

= (1000−1)2

=(1000)2−2×1000×1+12

[∵ (a – b)2 = (a2 – 2ab + b2) ] =1000000−2000+1

=1000001−2000 =998001

Question 26:

Factorise the following:

(i) 4𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 25

(ii) 9𝑦2−66𝑦𝑧 +121𝑧2

1 1
(iii) (2𝑥+ )2−(𝑥− )2
3 2

Answer 26:

(i). Given that: 4𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 25 = (2𝑥)2 + 2×2𝑥×5+52

= (2x+5)2

[∵ 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2=(𝑎 + 𝑏)2]

(ii). Given that: 9𝑦2−66𝑦𝑧 +121𝑧2 = (3𝑦)2− 2×3𝑦×11𝑧+(11𝑧)2

= (3x−11z)2 [∵ 𝑎2− 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2=(𝑎− 𝑏)2]

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

1
(iii). Given that: (2𝑥+13)2−(𝑥− )2
2

1 1 1 1
= [(2𝑥+ )+(𝑥− )][(2𝑥+ )−(𝑥− )]
3 2 3 2

[∵ 𝑎2− 𝑏2=(𝑎− 𝑏)(𝑎+ 𝑏)]

1 1 1 1
= [3𝑥+ − ][𝑥+ + ]
3 2 3 2

é 2 - 3ù é 2 + 3ù
= ê3 x + ú ê x+
ë 6 ûë 6 úû
æ 1ö æ 5ö
= ç 3x - ÷ ç x + ÷
è 6ø è 6ø

Question 27:

Factorise the following:

(i) 9𝑥2−12𝑥 + 3 (ii) 9𝑥2−12𝑥 +4

Answer 27:

(i). Given that: 9𝑥2−12𝑥 + 3

= 3(3𝑥2−4𝑥 + 1)

= 3(3𝑥2−3𝑥−𝑥 + 1)

= 3[3(𝑥−1)−1(𝑥− 1)]

= 3[(𝑥−1)(3𝑥−1)] =3(𝑥−1)(3𝑥−1)

(ii). Given that: 9𝑥2−12𝑥 +4

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

= 9𝑥2−6𝑥−6𝑥 +4

= 3(3𝑥−2)−2(3𝑥−2)

=(3𝑥−2)(3𝑥−2)

Question 28:

Expand the following:

(i) (4𝑎−𝑏+2𝑐)2

(ii) (3𝑎−5𝑏−𝑐)2

(iii) (−𝑥+2𝑦−3𝑧)2

Answer 28:

(i). Given that: (4𝑎−𝑏+2𝑐)2 =

(4𝑎)2+(−𝑏)2+(2𝑐)2+2(4𝑎)(−𝑏)+2(−𝑏)(2𝑐)+2(2𝑐)(4𝑎)

[∵ (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)]

= 16𝑎2+𝑏2+4𝑐2−8𝑎𝑏−4𝑏𝑐+16𝑐𝑎

(ii). Given that: (3𝑎−5𝑏−𝑐)2 =

(3𝑎)2+(−5𝑏)2+(−𝑐)2+2(3𝑎)(−5𝑏)+2(−5𝑏)(−𝑐)+2(−𝑐)(3𝑎)

[∵ (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)]

= 9𝑎2+25𝑏2+𝑐2−30𝑎𝑏+10𝑏𝑐−6𝑐𝑎

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

(iii). Given that: (−𝑥+2𝑦−3𝑧)2 =

(−𝑥)2+(2𝑦)2+(−3𝑧)2+2(−𝑥)(2𝑦)+2(2𝑦)(−3𝑧)+2(−3𝑧)(−𝑥)

[∵ (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)]

= 𝑥2+𝑦2+9𝑧2−4𝑥𝑦−12𝑦𝑧+6𝑧𝑥.

Question 29:

Factorise the following:

(i) 9𝑥2+4𝑦2+16𝑧2+12𝑥𝑦−16𝑦𝑧−24𝑧𝑥

(ii) 25𝑥2+16𝑦2+4𝑧2−40𝑥𝑦+16𝑦𝑧−20𝑧𝑥

(iii) 16𝑥2+4𝑦2+9𝑧2−16𝑥𝑦−12𝑦𝑧+24𝑧𝑥

Answer 29:

(i). Given that: 9𝑥2+4𝑦2+16𝑧2+12𝑥𝑦−16𝑦𝑧−24𝑧𝑥

=(3𝑥)2+(2𝑦)2+(−4𝑧)2+2(3𝑥)(2𝑦)+2(2𝑦)(−4𝑧)+2(−4𝑧)(3𝑥)

= (3𝑥+2𝑦−4𝑧)2

[∵ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)

= (a + b + c)2 ] =(3𝑥+2𝑦−4𝑧)(3𝑥+2𝑦−4𝑧)

(ii). Given that: 25𝑥2+16𝑦2+4𝑧2−40𝑥𝑦+16𝑦𝑧−20𝑧𝑥 =

(−5𝑥)2+(4𝑦)2+(2𝑧)2+2(−5𝑥)(4𝑦)+2(4𝑦)(2𝑧)+2(2𝑧)(−5𝑥)

= (−5𝑥+4𝑦+2𝑧)2

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

[∵ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca) = (a + b + c)2 ]

=(−5𝑥+4𝑦+2𝑧)(−5𝑥+4𝑦+2𝑧)

(iii). Given that: 16𝑥2+4𝑦2+9𝑧2−16𝑥𝑦−12𝑦𝑧+24𝑧𝑥 =

(4𝑥)2+(−2𝑦)2+(3𝑧)2+2(4𝑥)(−2𝑦)+2(−2𝑦)(3𝑧)+2(3𝑧)(4𝑥)

= (4𝑥−2𝑦+3𝑧)2

[∵ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)

= (a + b + c)2 ] =(4𝑥−2𝑦+3𝑧)(4𝑥−2𝑦+3𝑧)

Question 30:

If 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 = 9 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 26, find 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2.

Answer 30:

Given that: 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 = 9 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 26

Using the identity

(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca,

we have (9)2= 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2+2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) ⟹81= 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2+2(26)

⟹81= 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2+52 ⟹81−52= 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2 ⟹ 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2=29

Question 31:

Expand the following:

(i) (3𝑎−2𝑏)3

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

(ii) æç + ö÷
1 y
è x 3ø

(iii) æç 4 - ö÷
1
è 3x ø

Answer 31:

(i). Given that: (3𝑎−2𝑏)3=[3𝑎+(−2𝑏)]3 =

(3𝑎)3+(−2𝑏)3+3(3𝑎)2(−2𝑏)+3(3𝑎)(−2𝑏)2

[∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 )] =27𝑎3−8𝑏3−54𝑎2𝑏+36𝑎𝑏2

(ii). Given that: æç + ö÷

1 y
è x 3ø

3 3 2 3
æ 1ö æ yö æ 1ö æ yö æ 1ö æ yö
= ç ÷ + ç ÷ + 3ç ÷ ç ÷ + 3ç ÷ ç ÷
è xø è 3ø è xø è 3ø è xø è 3ø

3 3 3 1 y3 y y 22 2
[∵ (a + b) = (a + b +3a b + 3ab )] = 3 + + 2 +
x 27 x 3x

(iii). Given that: æç 4 - ö÷

1
è 3x ø

3 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= (4) + ç - ÷ + 3(4) 2 ç - ÷ + 3(4) ç - ÷
3
è 3x ø è 3x ø è 3x ø

[∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 )]

1 16 4
= 64 - 3
- + 2
27 x x 3x

Question 32:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Factorise the following:

(i) 1−64𝑎3−12𝑎+48𝑎2

12 2 6 1
(ii) 8𝑝3+ p + p+
5 25 125

Answer 32:

(i). Given that: 1−64𝑎3−12𝑎+48𝑎2 =

(1)3+(−4𝑎)3+3(1)2(−4𝑎)+3(1)(−4𝑎)2 =(1+(−4𝑎))3

[∵ a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 = (a + b)3 ] =(1−4𝑎)3

12 2 6 1
(ii). Given that: 8𝑝3+ p + p+ =
5 25 125
3 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= (2 p) + ç ÷ + 3(2 p) 2 ç ÷ + 3(2 p) ç ÷
3
è 5ø è 5ø è 5ø
3
æ 1ö
= ç2p + ÷
è 5ø

[∵ a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 = (a + b)3 ]

Question 33:

Find the following products:

x æ x2 ö
(i) ( +2𝑦 ç - xy + 4 y 2 ÷
2 è 4 ø

(ii) (𝑥2−1)(𝑥4+𝑥2+1)

Answer 33:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

x æ x2 ö
(i). Given that: ( +2𝑦) ç - xy + 4 y 2 ÷
2 è 4 ø

ö éæ x ö æ x ö ù
2
æx
= ç + 2 y ÷ êç ÷ - ç ÷ (2 y ) + (2 y ) 2 ú
è2 ø ëêè 2 ø è 2 ø ûú
3
æ xö
= ç ÷ + (2 y )3
è 2ø

2 x32 3 3
[∵ (a + b)(a – ab + b ) = a + b ] = + 8 y 3
8

(ii). Given that: (𝑥2−1)(𝑥4+𝑥2+1) = (𝑥2−1)[(𝑥2)2+(𝑥2)(1)+(1)2]

=(𝑥2)3−(1)3

[∵ (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2) = a3 – b3] =𝑥6−1

Question 34:

Factorise:

(i) 1+64𝑥3

(ii) 𝑎3−2√2𝑏3

Answer 34:

(i). Given that: 1+64𝑥3 =1+(4𝑥)3 = (1+4𝑥)[(1)2−(1)(4𝑥)+(4𝑥)2]

[∵ a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2) ] =(1+4𝑥)(1−4𝑥+16𝑥2)

(ii). Given that: 𝑎3−2√2𝑏3 =(𝑎)3−(√2𝑏)3 =

(𝑎−√2𝑏)[(𝑎)2+(𝑎)(√2𝑏)+(√2𝑏)2]

[∵ a3 – b3 = (a + b)(a2 + ab + b2) ] =(𝑎−√2𝑏)(𝑎2+√2𝑎𝑏+2𝑏2)

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Question 35:

Find the following product:

(2𝑥−𝑦+3𝑧)(4𝑥2+𝑦2+9𝑧2+2𝑥𝑦+3𝑦𝑧−6𝑥𝑧)

Answer 35:

Given that: (2𝑥−𝑦+3𝑧)(4𝑥2+𝑦2+9𝑧2+2𝑥𝑦+3𝑦𝑧−6𝑥𝑧)

=[2𝑥+(−𝑦)+3𝑧][(2𝑥)2+(−𝑦)2+(3𝑧)2−(2𝑥)(−𝑦)−(−𝑦)(3𝑧)−(3𝑧)(
2𝑥)] = (2𝑥)3+(−𝑦)3+(3𝑧)3−3(2𝑥)(−𝑦)(3𝑧)

[∵ (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc

] =8𝑥3−𝑦3+27𝑧3+18𝑥𝑦𝑧

Question 36:

Factorise:

(i). 𝑎3−8𝑏3−64𝑐3−24𝑎𝑏𝑐

(ii). 2√2𝑎3+8𝑏3−27𝑐3+18√2𝑎𝑏𝑐

Answer 36:

(i). Given that: 𝑎3−8𝑏3−64𝑐3−24𝑎𝑏𝑐 =

(𝑎)3+(−2𝑏)3+(−4𝑐)3−3(𝑎)(−2𝑏)(−4𝑐)
=[𝑎+(−2𝑏)+(−4𝑐)][(𝑎)2+(−2𝑏)2+(−4𝑐)2−(𝑎)(−2𝑏)−(−2𝑏)(−4𝑐)
−(−4𝑐)(𝑎)]

[∵ a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)

] =(𝑎−2𝑏−4𝑐)(𝑎2+4𝑏2+16𝑐2+2𝑎𝑏−8𝑏𝑐+4𝑐𝑎)

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

(ii). Given that: 2√2𝑎3+8𝑏3−27𝑐3+18√2𝑎𝑏𝑐 =

(√2𝑎)3+(2𝑏)3+(−3𝑐)3−3(√2𝑎)(2𝑏)(−3𝑐)
=[√2𝑎+(2𝑏)+(−3𝑐)][(√2𝑎)2+(2𝑏)2+(−3𝑐)2−(√2𝑎)(2𝑏)−(2𝑏)(−
3𝑐)−(−3𝑐)(√2𝑎)]

[∵ a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)

] =(√2𝑎+2𝑏−3𝑐)(2𝑎2+4𝑏2+9𝑐2−2√2𝑎𝑏+6𝑏𝑐+3√2𝑐𝑎)

Question 37:

Without actually calculating the cubes, find the value of:

3 3 3

(i). æç ö÷ + æç ö÷ - æç ö÷
1 1 5
è 2 ø è 3ø è 6 ø

(ii). (0.2)3−(0.3)3+(0.1)3

Answer 37:

3 3 3

(i). Given that: æç ö÷ + æç ö÷ - æç ö÷

1 1 5
è 2 ø è 3ø è 6 ø

1 1 5
Let 𝑎= , 𝑏= and 𝑐=−
2 3 6

1 1 5 3+ 2-5 0
∴𝑎+𝑏+𝑐= = + - = = =0
2 3 6 6 6

3 3 3
æ 1 ö æ 1ö æ 5ö æ 1 ö æ 1ö æ 5 ö 5
⟹ = ç ÷ + ç ÷ - ç ÷ = 3ç ÷ ç ÷ ç - ÷ = -
è 2 ø è 3ø è 6 ø è 2 ø è 3ø è 6 ø 12

[∵𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)] [if
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐=0,𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3=3𝑎𝑏𝑐]

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

(ii). Given that: (0.2)3−(0.3)3+(0.1)3

Let 𝑎=0.2, 𝑏=−0.3 and 𝑐=0.1

∴𝑎+𝑏+𝑐=0.2−0.3+0.1=0.3−0.3=0
⟹(0.2)3+(−0.3)3+(0.1)3=3(0.2)(−0.3)(0.1)=−0.018
[∵𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)] [if
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐=0,𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3=3𝑎𝑏𝑐]

Question 38:

Without finding the cubes, factorise

(𝑥−2𝑦)3+(2𝑦−3𝑧)3+(3𝑧−𝑥)3

Answer 38:

Given that: (𝑥−2𝑦)3+(2𝑦−3𝑧)3+(3𝑧−𝑥)3

Let 𝑎=𝑥−2𝑦, 𝑏=2𝑦−3𝑧 and 𝑐=3𝑧−𝑥

∴𝑎+𝑏+𝑐=𝑥−2𝑦+2𝑦−3𝑧+3𝑧−𝑥=0
⟹(𝑥−2𝑦)3+(2𝑦−3𝑧)3+(3𝑧−𝑥)3=3(𝑥−2𝑦)(2𝑦−3𝑧)(3𝑧−𝑥)
[∵𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)] [if
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐=0,𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3=3𝑎𝑏𝑐]

Question 39:

Find the value of

(i). 𝑥3+𝑦3−12𝑥𝑦+64 when 𝑥+𝑦=−4

(ii). 𝑥3−8𝑦3−36𝑥𝑦−216 when 𝑥=2𝑦+6

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Answer 39:

(i). Given that: 𝑥+𝑦=−4

⟹𝑥+𝑦+4=0 … (i)

Now 𝑥3+𝑦3−12𝑥𝑦+64=𝑥3+𝑦3+43−3(𝑥)(𝑦)(4)
=(𝑥+𝑦+4)[𝑥2+𝑦2+42−(𝑥)(𝑦)−(𝑦)(4)−(4)(𝑥)]
[∵𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)]
=(0)[𝑥2+𝑦2+42−(𝑥)(𝑦)−(𝑦)(4)−(4)(𝑥)]

[∵ 𝑥+𝑦+4=0,From (i)] =0

(ii). Given that: 𝑥=2𝑦+6

⟹𝑥−2𝑦−6=0 … (i)

Now 𝑥3−8𝑦3−36𝑥𝑦−216=𝑥3+(−2𝑦)3+(−6)3−3(𝑥)(−2𝑦)(−6)
=(𝑥−2𝑦−6)[𝑥2+(−2𝑦)2+(−6)2−(𝑥)(−2𝑦)−(−2𝑦)(−6)−(−6)(𝑥)]
[∵𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)]

=(0)[𝑥2+(−2𝑦)2+(−6)2−(𝑥)(−2𝑦)−(−2𝑦)(−6)−(−6)(𝑥)]

[∵ 𝑥−2𝑦−6=0,From (i)] =0

Question 40:

Give possible expressions for the length and breadth of the

rectangle whose area is given by 4𝑎2+4𝑎−3.

Answer 40:

(i). Given that:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Area =4𝑎2+4𝑎−3

=4𝑎2+6𝑎−2𝑎−3

=2(2𝑎+3)−1(2𝑎+3)

=(2𝑎+3)(2𝑎−1)

⟹ Length =2𝑎+3 and Breadth =2𝑎+3

EXERCISE- 2.4

Question 1:

If the polynomials az3 + 4z2 + 3z – 4 and z3 – 4z + a leave the

same remainder when divided by z – 3, find the value of a.

Answer 1:

Given polynomials:

p(z) = az3 + 4z2 + 3z – 4 and q(z) = z3 – 4z + a

Using remainder theorem,

When p(z) is divided by z – 3, the remainder is given by

p(3) = a(3)3 + 4(3)2 + 3(3) – 4

= 27a + 36 + 9 – 4

= 27a + 41

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

When q(z) is divided by z – 3, the remainder is given by

q(3) = (3)3 – 4(3) + a

= 27 – 12 + a

= 15 + a

According to question:

p(3) = q(3)

⟹ 27a + 41 = 15 + a

⟹ 27a – a = 15 – 41

⟹ 26a = – 26

⟹ a = –1

Question 2:

The polynomial p(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – ax + 3a – 7 when divided

by x + 1 leaves the remainder 19. Find the values of a. Also find
the remainder when p(x) is divided by x + 2.

Answer 2:

Given polynomials:

p(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – ax + 3a – 7

Using remainder theorem,

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

When p(x) is divided by x + 1, the remainder is given by

p(–1) = (–1)4 – 2(–1)3 + 3(–1)2 – a(–1) + 3a – 7

= 1 –2(–1) + 3 – a(–1) + 3a – 7

= 1 + 2 + 3 + a + 3a – 7

= 4a – 1

According to question:

p(–1) = 19

⟹ 4a – 1 = 19

⟹ 4a = 20

⟹a=5

Hence, p(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 15 – 7 = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 –

5x + 8

When p(x) is divided by x + 2, the remainder is given by

p(–2) = (–2)4 – 2(–2)3 + 3(–2)2 – 5(–2) + 8

= 16 –2(–8) + 3(4) +10 + 8

= 16 + 16 + 12 + 18 = 62

Question 3:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

1
If both x – 2 and x − are factors of px2 + 5x + r, show that p
2

= r.

Answer 3:

Given polynomials:

f(x) = px2 + 5x + r

Since, x – 2 is factors of f(x)

Using factor theorem,

When f(x) is divided by x – 2, the remainder is zero.

2
f(2) = p(2) + 5(2) + r

⟹ 0 = 4p + 10 + r

⟹ 4p + r = – 10 … (i)

1
Since, x − is factors of f(x)
2

Using factor theorem,

1
When f(x) is divided by x − , the remainder is zero.
2

1 1 1
f( ) = p( ) 2 + 5( ) + r
2 2 2

1 5
⟹0= 𝑝+ +𝑟
4 2

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

1 5
⟹ 𝑝 + 𝑟=−
4 2

⟹ 𝑝 + 4𝑟=−10 … (ii)

From equations (i) and (ii), we get 𝑝 + 4𝑟=4𝑝+𝑟 ⟹3𝑟=3𝑝 ⟹𝑝=𝑟

Question 4:

Without actual division, prove that 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x + 2 is

divisible by x2 – 3x + 2. [Hint: Factorise x2 – 3x + 2]

Answer 4:

Given polynomials:

f(x) = 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x + 2 and g(x) = x2 – 3x + 2

Here, g(x) = x2 – 3x + 2

= x2 – x – 2x + 2

= x(x – 1) – 2(x – 1)

= (x – 2)(x – 1)

Now, we have to show that x – 2 and x – 1 are the factors of

f(x).

Using factor theorem,

When f(x) is divided by x – 2, the remainder is given by

f(2) = 2(2)4 – 5(2)3 + 2(2)2 – (2) + 2

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

= 32 – 40 + 8 – 2 + 2

= 42 – 42

=0

⟹ x – 2 is a factor of f(x) … (i)

Similarly, when f(x) is divided by x – 1, the remainder is given

by

f(1) = 2(1)4 – 5(1)3 + 2(1)2 – (1) + 2

=2–5+2–1+2

=6–6

=0

⟹ x – 1 is a factor of f(x) … (ii)

From equations (i) and (ii), we get

x – 2 and x – 1 are the factors of f(x)

⟹ x2 – 3x + 2 is a factor of f(x).

Hence, f(x) = 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x + 2 is divisible by x2 – 3x + 2.

Question 5:

Simplify (2x – 5y)3 – (2x + 5y)3.

Answer 5:

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Given that: (2x – 5y)3 – (2x + 5y)3.

= [(2x – 5y) – (2x + 5y)][ (2x – 5y)2 + (2x – 5y)(2x + 5y) +

(2x + 5y)2]

[∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)]

= (–10y)[(4x2 + 25y2 – 20xy) + (4x2 – 25y2) + (4x2 + 25y2 +

20xy)]

[∵ (a + b)2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2), (a – b)2 = (a2 – 2ab + b2) ]

= (–10y)[(12x2 + 25y2]

= –120x2y – 250y3

Question 6:

Multiply x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy + xz – 2yz by (– z + x – 2y).

Answer 6:

The product of given polynomials is given by

(– z + x – 2y)(x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy + xz – 2yz)

= (x – 2y – z)(x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy – 2yz + xz)

= [(x) + (–2y) + (–z)][(x)2 + (–2y)2 + (–z)2 – (x) (–2y) – (–2y)

(–z) – (–z) (y)]

= (x)3 + (–2y)3 + (–z)3 – 3(x)(–2y) (–z)

[∵ (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc]

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

= x3 – 8y3 – z3 – 6xyz

Question 6:

Multiply x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy + xz – 2yz by (– z + x – 2y).

Answer 6:

The product of given polynomials is given by

(– z + x – 2y)(x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy + xz – 2yz)

= (x – 2y – z)(x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy – 2yz + xz)

= [(x) + (–2y) + (–z)][(x)2 + (–2y)2 + (–z)2 – (x) (–2y) – (–

2y) (–z) – (–z) (y)]

= (x)3 + (–2y)3 + (–z)3 – 3(x)(–2y) (–z)

[∵ (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc]

= x3 – 8y3 – z3 – 6xyz

Question 7:

If a, b, c are all non-zero and a + b + c = 0, prove that

a 2 b2 c 2
+ + =3
bc ca ab

Answer 7:

a 2 b2 c2
LHS = + +
bc ca ab

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

a 3 + b3 + c 3
=
abc

a 2 + b2 + c 2 - (ab - bc - ca) + 3abc

=
abc

[∵ a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)]

0.(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca ) + 3abc
=
abc
3abc
= =3
abc
RHS

Question 8:

If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 5 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 10, then prove that a3 + b3

+ c3 –3abc = – 25.

Answer 8:

Given that: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 5 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 10

Using the identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc +

2ca, we have

52 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

⟹ 25 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(10)

⟹ 25 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 20

⟹ a2 + b2 + c2 = 5

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Now, applying a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 –

ab – bc – ca), we have

a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (5)(5 – 10) = – 25

Question 9:

3
Prove that (a + b + c) – a3 – b3 – c 3
= 3(a + b ) (b + c ) (c +
a).

Answer 9:

3
LHS = (a + b + c) – a3 – b3 – c 3

3
= [(a + b + c) – a3] – [b3 + c 3]

= [{(a + b + c) – a}{(a + b + c)2 + (a + b + c)a + a2}]– [(b +

c)(b2 – bc + c2)]

[∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2) and a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 –

ab + b2)]

= (b + c){(a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca) + (a2 + ab + ac) +

a2}– [(b + c)(b2 – bc + c2)]

= (b + c)(3a2 + b2 + c2 + 3ab + 2bc + 3ca) – [(b + c)(b2 – bc

+ c2)]

= (b + c)[(3a2 + b2 + c2 + 3ab + 2bc + 3ca) – (b2 – bc + c2)]

= (b + c)[3a2 + 3ab + 3bc + 3ca]

= 3(b + c)[a2 + ab + bc + ca]

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 NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

= 3(b + c)[a(a + b) + c(b + a)]

= 3(a + b) (b + c)(a + c)

= 3(a + b) (b + c)(c + a)

= RHS

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