HISTORICAL STUDY OF TATA COMPANY

A PROJECT SUBMITTED
TO
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
FOR
PARTRAL COMPLETION OF DEGREE
OF
BACHELOR IN COMMERCE (ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE)
UNDER THE FACULTY OF COMMERCE
BY
MANJUSHA KADAM
UNDER THE GUIDANCE
OF
DR. S.S. BHANDARI
BBA’S BUNTS COLLEGE OF HIGHER EDUCATION, NIGHT COLLEGE,
NEAR PETROL PUMP SEC-24, JUINAGAR NAVI MUMBAI PIN CODE-400705
ACADEMIC YEAR: - 2022-2023
MARCH-2023
 HISTORICAL STUDY OF TATA COMPANY
A PROJECT SUBMITTED
TO
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
FOR
PARTRAL COMPLETION OF DEGREE
OF
BACHELOR IN COMMERCE (ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE)
UNDER THE FACULTY OF COMMERCE
BY
MANJUSHA KADAM
UNDER THE GUIDANCE
OF
DR. S.S. BHANDARI
BBA’S BUNTS COLLEGE OF HIGHER EDUCATION, NIGHT COLLEGE,
NEAR PETROL PUMP SEC-24, JUINAGAR NAVI MUMBAI PIN CODE-400705
ACADEMIC YEAR: - 2022-2023
MARCH-2023
 Bombay Bunts Association’s Bunts College of Higher Education (NightCollege)
Bunts centre, Plot No.42, Near Bharat Petrol Pump, Juinager Navi Mumbai
400706

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Miss Manjusha Sanjay Kadam. has worked and duly
completed her Project Work for the degree of Bachelor of Accounting & Finance
under the faculty of Commerce in the subject of COMMERCE and her project is
entitled, “Historical study of tata company “under my supervision.

I further certify that the entire work has been done by the learner under my
guidance and that no part of it has been submitted previously for any Degree or
Diploma of any University.
It is her own work and facts reported by her personal findings. And investigations.

Project Guide BAF Co-Ordinator

(DR.S.S. Bhandari) ( Prof. Parui
Santu)

Signature of External Examiner Principal

(DR.S.S. Bhandari)
Date of submission:

Declaration by Learner

I the undersigned Miss. Manjusha Sanjay Kadam. here by, declare that the work
embodied in this project work titled Historical study of tata company forms any
own contribution to the research work carried out under the guidance Dr. S.S.
Bhandari sir is a result of my own research work and has not been previously
submitted to my other University for any other Degree/ Diploma to this or any
other university.
Wherever reference has been made to previous works of others, it has been clearly
indicated as such and included in the bibliography.
I, here by further declare that all information of this document has been obtained
and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct.

Manjusha Sanjay Kadam DR.S.S.Bhandari

(TY BAF) Project Guide
 Acknowledgment
To all who all have me is difficult because they are so numerous and the depth is so enormous.

I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels and fresh dimensions in
the completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving me chance to do this
project.

I would like to thank my Principal, Dr.S.S.Bhandari for providing the necessary facilities required
for completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank our coordinator Prof. Parui Santu for her moral support and
guidance.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude toward my project guide Dr.S.S.Bhandari
whose guidance and care made the project successful.

I would like to thank my college library, for having provided various reference books and
magazines related to my project.

Lasty, I would like to thank each and every person who directly or indirectly helped me in the
completion of the project especially my Parents and peers who supported me throughout my
project.

Manjusha Sanjay Kadam DR.S.S.Bhandari

(TY BAF) Project Guide
 INDEX
SL NO. CHAPTER PAGE NO.
CHAPTER NO.1
01 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER NO.2
02 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

03 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
COMPANY POFILE
MISSION AND VISION
NEED OF THE STUDY
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER NO.3
04 DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER NO.4
05 FINDING & SUGGESTIONS

CHAPTER NO.5
06 CONCLUSION
1 CHAPTER INTODUCTION
 Introduction

The Tata Group is one of the largest and most respected conglomerates in India, with a history
dating back over a century. The company was founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868 as a small
trading firm in Bombay, and over the years it has grown into a global brand with businesses
spanning diverse sectors such as steel, automobiles, hospitality, and technology.

The early years of the Tata business were marked by a series of challenges, including
competition from established European trading houses and the difficulty of breaking into the
British-dominated business world. Despite these obstacles, Jamsetji Tata persevered and built a
successful trading firm that paved the way for the company's future growth.

In the early 1900s, the Tata Group entered the steel industry, with the establishment of India's
first integrated steel plant in Jamshedpur. The company's entry into the steel industry was a
significant milestone in its history and played a crucial role in India's industrialization. The Tata
Group faced a number of challenges in the early years of the steel plant's operation, including
labor disputes and a lack of infrastructure. However, the company's commitment to innovation
and excellence helped it overcome these challenges and establish itself as a major player in the
steel industry.

The Tata Group's foray into the automobile industry was another significant milestone in its
history. Tata Motors was established in 1945 with the aim of providing affordable cars to the
Indian middle class. The company faced stiff competition from established global players, but it
persevered and built a successful automobile business that is now a key part of the Tata Group.

The Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) story is a remarkable one. TCS was established in 1968 with
the aim of providing world-class IT services to global clients. The company faced a number of
challenges in the early years of its operation, including a lack of experienced talent in the Indian
IT industry. However, TCS persevered and built a successful IT services business that is now a
global leader in its field.
The Tata Group's entry into the hospitality business was another significant milestone in its
history. The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel was established in Mumbai in 1903 with the aim of
providing luxury accommodation to international travelers. The company faced a number of
challenges in the early years of its operation, including the impact of the Second World War on
the hospitality industry. However, the company's commitment to excellence and innovation
helped it overcome these challenges and establish itself as a major player in the hospitality
industry.

The Tata brand is one of the most recognizable in India and has a global reputation for
excellence. The company's commitment to social responsibility and its focus on innovation have
been key factors in its success. However, the company has faced a number of challenges in
maintaining its brand reputation, including the impact of global economic trends and changing
consumer preferences.

Looking to the future, the Tata Group is well-positioned to continue its growth and success. The
company's recent initiatives, including its focus on sustainability and digital transformation, are
expected to play a major role in its future growth. The Tata Group's international expansion is
also a key aspect of its growth strategy, with the company actively pursuing opportunities in
markets around the world. Overall, the Tata Group's rich history and commitment to excellence
make it one of the most respected and successful conglomerates in the world.
2 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Literature Review
Tata Group is a multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Mumbai, India. It was
founded in 1868 by Jamsetji Tata and has since become one of India's largest and most
respected companies, with operations in over 100 countries. Over the years, Tata Group has
been involved in a variety of industries, including steel, automobiles, chemicals,
telecommunications, and hospitality. Here is a review of literature on Tata Group:

Tata Group: A Story of Courage and Conviction (M.P. Ranjan and N. Nandagopal, 2011)

This book provides an overview of Tata Group's history, from its origins as a trading company to
its current status as a major player in the global economy. The authors examine the key factors
that have contributed to Tata Group's success, including its commitment to innovation, its
strong ethical values, and its focus on long-term growth.

The Tata Group: From Torchbearers to Trailblazers (Morgen Witzel, 2018)

This book takes a deep dive into the history and operations of Tata Group, examining the
company's evolution from a small trading firm to a global powerhouse. The author also
discusses the challenges faced by Tata Group over the years, including the impact of
globalization and the need to adapt to changing market conditions.

Tata: The Evolution of a Corporate Brand (Morgen Witzel and Patrick Barwise, 2013)

This book provides an in-depth analysis of the Tata brand, examining how it has evolved over
the years and the key factors that have contributed to its success. The authors also explore the
challenges faced by Tata Group as it seeks to expand into new markets and adapt to changing
consumer preferences.
The Tata Group: A Strategic Analysis (S. Venkatachalam, 2016)

This paper provides a detailed analysis of Tata Group's strategic approach, examining the
company's strengths and weaknesses, as well as its opportunities and threats. The author also
discusses Tata Group's corporate governance practices and the role they have played in the
company's success.

The Tata Group and Corporate Social Responsibility (Shubhra Aanand, 2016)

This paper examines Tata Group's approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR), exploring
the company's initiatives in areas such as education, health, and the environment. The author
also discusses the challenges faced by Tata Group as it seeks to balance its CSR goals with its
business objectives.

Overall, these works demonstrate that Tata Group is a company with a long and storied history,
characterized by a commitment to innovation, ethical values, and long-term growth. While the
company has faced its share of challenges over the years, its ability to adapt and evolve has
helped it remain a major player in the global economy.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The Tata Group of Companies has a strong focus on research and development (R&D) to stay
competitive in the global market. Their R&D methodology involves a systematic approach to
discovering and developing new technologies, products, and processes.

The group's R&D strategy begins with identifying potential research areas that align with their
business objectives and can create value for their customers. They also collaborate with
academic institutions, industry partners, and government agencies to access external expertise
and resources.

Once a research area is identified, the Tata Group invests in building a team of experts and
acquiring necessary equipment and infrastructure. They then conduct extensive research,
experimentation, and analysis to develop new products or improve existing ones.

The Tata Group also places a strong emphasis on sustainability in their R&D efforts. They strive
to develop environmentally-friendly products and processes, as well as finding solutions to
societal challenges such as access to clean water and healthcare.

Overall, the Tata Group of Companies' research methodology is driven by a culture of

innovation and a commitment to excellence. They leverage a diverse range of resources and
collaborate with various stakeholders to stay at the forefront of their respective industries.
 COMPANY PROFILE

Tata Group

Group of 29 PLCs[1]

Industry Conglomerate

Founded 1868; 155 years ago

Founder Jamsetji Tata

Headquarter Bombay House, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

s

Area served Worldwide

Key people  Ratan Tata
(Chairman Emeritus)[2]
 Natarajan Chandrasekaran
(Chairman & Managing Director)[3]

Products  Automotive
 Airlines
 Chemicals
 Consultancy
 Defence
 FMCG
 Electronics
 Electric utility
 Electric power
 Finance
 Jewellers
 Home appliances
 Hospitality
 Hotels
 Information technology
 Retail
 E-commerce
 Real estate
 Salt
 Steel
 Cement
 Tea
 Telecommunications

Revenue US$128 billion[4] (FY 2022)

Number of 935,000[4] (FY 2022)

employees

Subsidiaries See list

Website tata.com
 Mission and Vision

Mission:

Tata's mission is to improve the quality of life of people around the world through sustainable
and innovative solutions. The company is committed to creating long-term value for its
stakeholders and contributing to the economic, social, and environmental development of the
communities in which it operates.

Vision:

Tata's vision is to be a global leader in sustainable business practices and to be recognized as a

company that delivers excellence in everything it does. The company aims to create value for all
its stakeholders by leveraging its expertise, innovation, and resources to address some of the
world's most pressing challenges.

The Tata Group has articulated its vision and mission through its brand statement - "We aspire
to be the global benchmark for value creation and corporate citizenship." This statement
underscores Tata's commitment to creating long-term value not just for its shareholders but
also for society at large. The company believes that sustainable business practices are critical to
its success and that it has a responsibility to contribute to the economic, social, and
environmental well-being of the communities in which it operates.
 NEED OF THE STUDY

I. Historical significance: The Tata business has a long and rich history that spans more
than 150 years. By studying the evolution of this business, we can gain valuable insights
into the economic, social, and political changes that have taken place in India over this
period.

II. Business strategy and management: The Tata business is one of the largest and most
successful conglomerates in the world. By studying its business strategy and
management practices, we can gain valuable insights into the factors that contribute to
its success and learn best practices that can be applied to other businesses.

III. Social responsibility and sustainability: The Tata business is widely recognized for its
commitment to social responsibility and sustainability. By studying its initiatives in these
areas, we can gain valuable insights into how businesses can contribute to the
economic, social, and environmental well-being of the communities in which they
operate.

IV. Innovation and technology: The Tata business has been at the forefront of innovation
and technology, particularly in the areas of automotive, information technology, and
renewable energy. By studying its initiatives in these areas, we can gain valuable insights
into how businesses can leverage technology and innovation to drive growth and create
value.
V. International business: The Tata business has a global presence and operates in more
than 100 countries worldwide. By studying its international business practices, we can
gain valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities that businesses face when
operating in diverse markets around the world.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

I. Historical analysis: The study may include an in-depth analysis of the history of the Tata
business, including its founding, growth, and development over the years.

II. Business strategy and management: The study may explore the various business
strategies and management practices employed by the Tata business and how these
have contributed to its success.

III. Social responsibility and sustainability: The study may examine the various initiatives
taken by the Tata business to promote social responsibility and sustainability, including
its philanthropic activities, environmental conservation efforts, and corporate social
responsibility initiatives.

IV. Innovation and technology: The study may focus on the innovation and technology
initiatives undertaken by the Tata business, including its investments in research and
development, partnerships with technology companies, and adoption of new
technologies.

V. International business: The study may also explore the Tata business's global expansion
strategies and operations, including its entry into various international markets, mergers
and acquisitions, and partnerships with foreign companies.
VI. Impact of government policies and regulations: The study may also examine the impact
of government policies and regulations on the Tata business over the years, including
the regulatory environment, trade policies, and tax policies.

VII. Overall, the scope of the study of Tata business is broad and encompasses various areas
of interest, ranging from business strategy and management to social responsibility and
sustainability, innovation and technology, international business, and government
policies and regulations.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

I. Historical significance: The Tata business has a long and rich history that spans more
than 150 years. By studying the evolution of this business, we can gain valuable insights
into the economic, social, and political changes that have taken place in India over this
period.

II. Business strategy and management: The Tata business is one of the largest and most
successful conglomerates in the world. By studying its business strategy and
management practices, we can gain valuable insights into the factors that contribute to
its success and learn best practices that can be applied to other businesses.

III. Social responsibility and sustainability: The Tata business is widely recognized for its
commitment to social responsibility and sustainability. By studying its initiatives in these
areas, we can gain valuable insights into how businesses can contribute to the
economic, social, and environmental well-being of the communities in which they
operate.

IV. Innovation and technology: The Tata business has been at the forefront of innovation
and technology, particularly in the areas of automotive, information technology, and
renewable energy. By studying its initiatives in these areas, we can gain valuable insights
into how businesses can leverage technology and innovation to drive growth and create
value.
 V. International business: The Tata business has a global presence and operates in more
than 100 countries worldwide. By studying its international business practices, we can
gain valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities that businesses face when
operating in diverse markets around the world.

VI. Economic impact: The Tata business is a significant contributor to the Indian economy,
with its operations spanning across various sectors. By studying the economic impact of
the Tata business, we can gain insights into how businesses can contribute to the
economic development of the country.

VII. Overall, the study of Tata business is significant as it offers insights into the factors that
contribute to the success of one of the world's largest and most successful
conglomerates, and provides valuable lessons that can be applied to other businesses.
Furthermore, the study highlights the role of businesses in promoting social
responsibility, sustainability, and economic development, and provides a comprehensive
understanding of the impact of business on society.
3 Chapter Data Analysis
and Presentation
HISTORY

The Tata Group of Companies was founded in India in 1868 by Jamsetji Nusserwanji
Tata, a visionary entrepreneur and philanthropist. The company began as a small
trading firm in Bombay (now Mumbai), importing cotton and exporting opium.

However, Jamsetji Tata had a grand vision for the future of India and saw immense
potential in building a strong industrial base in the country. In 1874, he set up the
Central India Spinning, Weaving, and Manufacturing Company in Nagpur, which was
India's first textile mill.

Over the years, the Tata Group expanded into various industries such as steel,
automotive, hospitality, and more. They became pioneers in various fields, introducing
new technologies and practices that transformed the Indian economy.

One of the most significant achievements of the Tata Group was the establishment of
Tata Iron and Steel Company (now Tata Steel) in 1907. This was India's first integrated
steel plant, and it played a critical role in the country's industrialization.

The Tata Group also established several institutions to promote education, research,
and innovation in India. These include the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), and Tata
Institute of Social Sciences (TISS).

Today, the Tata Group of Companies is a global conglomerate with operations in over
100 countries. They have a diverse portfolio of businesses, ranging from automotive
and steel to hospitality and information technology. The company has a strong
reputation for excellence, innovation, and social responsibility, and they continue to
drive growth and progress in India and around the world.
PROBLMES FACE
When the Tata Group of Companies started their business in the late 1800s, they faced
several challenges and obstacles. Here are some of the problems they had to
overcome:

Limited infrastructure: In the early days of the Tata Group, India had limited
infrastructure, which made it difficult to transport goods and raw materials. This made it
harder for the company to expand their operations and grow their business.

Limited resources: The Tata Group started as a small trading firm with limited
resources, which made it challenging to compete with larger and more established
companies.

Lack of skilled labor: In the early days, there was a shortage of skilled labor in India,
which made it difficult for the Tata Group to find qualified workers for their operations.

Government regulations: The Tata Group had to navigate complex government

regulations and policies, which often created barriers to entry and made it harder to
operate their business.

Cultural barriers: As a newly established business, the Tata Group had to navigate
cultural barriers and build relationships with suppliers, customers, and other
stakeholders in a diverse and complex society.

Despite these challenges, the Tata Group persevered and overcame these obstacles to
become one of the most successful and respected companies in India and the world.
They were able to leverage their entrepreneurial spirit, commitment to innovation, and
focus on social responsibility to build a strong foundation for growth and success.
1839–1904

Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata was born in 1839. Tata graduated from Elphinstone College in
Bombay in 1858. Shortly afterwards, he joined his father’s trading firm that dealt in
general merchandise. There, the junior Tata took a special interest in developing trade
with China.
When the American Civil War caused a boom in the Bombay cotton market, Tata and
his father joined the Asiatic Banking Corporation. When the tide ebbed, Tata's credit was
left desolate. Fortunately, the firm’s credit was re-established during the next three
years. A share in the lucrative contract for the commissariat of Napier’s expedition to
Abyssinia in 1868 restored the family fortune.” In 1870 with Rs.21,000 capital, he
founded a trading company. Further, he bought a bankrupt oil mill at Chinchpokli and
converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill which he sold for a profit
after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at Nagpur named Empress Mill.
He dreamed of achieving four goals, setting up an iron and steel company, a unique
hotel, a world-class learning institution, and a hydroelectric plant. During his lifetime, in
1903, the Taj Mahal Hotel at Colaba waterfront was opened making it the first hotel with
electricity in India.

Tentative beginnings

Nothing of Jamsetji's childhood suggested he would create his own destiny. Born on
March 3, 1839, in the sleepy town of Navsari in Gujarat, he was the first child and only
son of Nusserwanji Tata, the scion of a family of Parsee priests. Many generations of
the Tatas had joined the priesthood, but the enterprising Nusserwanji broke the mould,
becoming the first member of the family to try his hand at business.

Raised in Navsari, Jamsetji joined his father in Bombay when he was 14. Nusserwanji
got him enrolled at Elphinstone College, from where he passed in 1858 as a 'green
scholar', the equivalent of today's graduate. The liberal education he received would
fuel in Jamsetji a lifelong admiration for academics and a love of reading. Those
passions would, though, soon take a backseat to what Jamsetji quickly understood was
the true calling of life: business.

It was a far-from-opportune time for a young native to take his first, tentative steps into
the volatile world that was business in the subcontinent. Jamsetji's entrepreneurial
career began, in the words of JRD Tata, "when the passive despair engendered by
colonial rule was at its peak". The Indian Mutiny of 1857 was but two years past when
Jamsetji joined the small firm that his father, a merchant and banker, ran. He had just
turned 20.
1904–1938
After Jamsedji's death, his older son Dorabji Tata became the chairman in 1904.[13] Sir
Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel company (TISCO), now known as Tata
Steel in 1907. Marking the group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first
overseas office in London. Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro
plant was brought to life, giving birth to Tata Power. Yet another dream, Indian Institute of
Science was established with the first batch admitted in 1911
Sir Dorab Tata, the elder son of Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, was born on August 27,
1859, when his father, the founder of the Tata Group, was 20 years old. Dorabji, as he
was known, attended the Proprietory High School in Bombay and, at the age of 16, was
sent to a private tutor in Kent in England. At 18, he attended Gonville and Caius College
at Cambridge.

It was in England that Sir Dorab discovered his love for sports. During the two years he
was at Cambridge, he distinguished himself at sports, winning honours for cricket and
football. He also played tennis for his college, became an expert rower, won a number
of sprint events and was a good horseman.

Sir Dorab returned to Bombay in 1879 and joined St Xavier’s College, from where he
obtained a bachelor's degree in arts in 1882. Instead of including his son in his
expanding business, Jamsetji encouraged him to broaden his experience with a stint at
journalism, and later gave him independent charge of setting up a textile project in
Pondicherry. Soon after, Sir Dorab was sent to look after the company’s flagship
Empress Mills in Nagpur, India. At the age of 38, he married the beautiful Meherbai
Bhabha, the daughter of HJ Bhabha, inspector general of education of the erstwhile
Mysore state.
Taking Industry Forward
The three great passions of Jamsetji’s life at this point were the Indian Institute of
Science, which would prepare future generations of Indians to take full part in the
scientific development of the country; a steel plant, which would establish India’s
industrial credentials, and a pioneering hydroelectric plant near Bombay.
Sir Dorab's commitment to his father's vision and values was so strong that he staked
his personal fortune to save the steel venture when, in 1924, it slipped into trouble. His
business sense and audacity had seen the company undertaking a five-fold expansion
programme in the post-World War I period. Spiralling costs combined with transport and
labour difficulties in the West upset Sir Dorab’s calculations. At about this time, the
company’s largest pig iron customer, Japan, was struck by an earthquake and steel
prices tumbled.

It got to a point when there was not enough money to pay his workers’ wages. Sir Dorab
pledged his entire personal fortune worth, about Rs1 crore and including his wife’s
personal jewellery, to obtain a loan. Tata Iron and Steel secured support from
unexpected quarters — among those backing the company were Jawaharlal Nehru and
Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the future leaders of independent India and Pakistan — and it
survived the crisis.

At the time of Jamsetji’s death, the fledgling Tata Group owned three textile mills and
the Taj Mahal Hotel in Bombay. Under Sir Dorab’s stewardship were added an
integrated steel plant — then the largest single industrial unit in the British Empire —
three electric power companies, a large edible oil and soap company, two cement
companies, one of India’s leading insurance companies, and an aviation unit.

1938-1991
J. R. D. Tata was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship, the
assets of the Tata Group grew from US$101 million to over US$5 billion. Starting with
14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to
a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the
company had either started or in which they held a controlling interest. New sectors
such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, tea,
and software services earned them recognition.

In 1932, JRD founded an airline, known as Tata Air Services (later renamed Tata
Airlines). In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and
purchased a majority stake in the carrier from Tata Sons, though JRD Tata would
continue as chairman till 1977.
In 1945, Tata Motors was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the
commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with Daimler-Benz. In 1968, Tata
Consultancy Services was founded.

1991-2012
Ratan Naval Tata (born 28 December 1937) is an Indian Industrialist and former
chairman of Tata Sons. He was also the chairman of the Tata Group from 1990 to 2012,
serving also as interim chairman from October 2016 through February 2017. He
continues to head its charitable trusts. In 2008, he received the Padma Vibhushan, the
second highest civilian honour in India, after receiving the Padma Bhushan, the third
highest civilian honour in 2000.

He is the son of Naval Tata, who was adopted by Ratanji Tata, son of Jamsetji Tata, the
founder of the Tata Group. He graduated from the Cornell University College of
Architecture with a bachelor's degree in architecture. He joined Tata in 1961, where he
worked on the shop floor of Tata Steel. He later succeeded J. R. D. Tata's as chairman
of Tata Sons upon the latter's retirement in 1991. Under his tenure the Tata Group
acquired Tetley, Jaguar Land Rover, and Corus, in an attempt to turn Tata from a
largely India-centric group into a global business. Tata is also one of the largest
philanthropists in the world, having donated around 60–65% of his income to charity.
In 1991, Ratan Tata became chairman of Tata Group. This was also the year of economic
liberalization in India, opening up the market to foreign competitors. During this time,
Tata Group began to acquire several companies. Tata Group bought Tetley In February
2000. After that, it acquired Corus Group in 2007. In the year 2008, it
acquired Jaguar and Land Rover. The company's subsidiary Tata Motors launched
the Tata Nano which they presented as "the world’s most affordable car" in 2008.

Ratan Tata was born in Bombay, now Mumbai, during the British Raj, on 28 December
1937. He is the son of Naval Tata, who was born in Surat and later adopted into the
Tata family, and Sooni Tata, the niece of Tata group founder Jamsetji Tata. Tata's
biological grandfather, Hormusji Tata, was a member of the Tata family by blood. In
1948, when Tata was 10, his parents separated, and he was subsequently raised and
adopted by Navajbai Tata, his grandmother and widow of Ratanji Tata. He has a
younger brother Jimmy Tata and a half-brother, Noel Tata, from Naval Tata's second
marriage with Simone Tata, with whom he was raised. His first language is Gujarati.

He studied at the Campion School, Mumbai till the 8th class. After which, he studied at
the Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai, the Bishop Cotton School in Shimla,
and the Riverdale Country School in New York City, which he graduated from in 1955.
After graduating from high school, Tata enrolled in Cornell University, from which he
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1959. In 2008, Tata gifted Cornell
$50 Million, becoming the largest international donor in the university’s history.

In 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman. He was instrumental in

restructuring business verticals and increasing promoter stake ownership in companies.
Under his leadership, the group made acquisitions through insolvency law and
investments in E-commerce, expanded its airline business by winning a bid for Air India,
and completely bought Air Asia India. He has mentioned the future strategy is to focus
on healthcare, electronics, and digital.
Tata Owned Air India got approval to acquire AirAsia India, nearly two months after
putting forth the proposal. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the
acquisition of the entire shareholding in Air Asia India by Tata-owned Air India.

CHAIRPERSON
The chairperson of Tata Sons is usually the chairperson of the Tata Group. As of 2020,
there have been seven chairmen of Tata Group.

 Jamsetji Tata (1868–1904)

 Sir Dorabji Tata (1904–1932)
 Nowroji Saklatwala (1932–1938)
 J. R. D. Tata (1938–1991)
 Ratan Tata (1991–2012)
 Cyrus Mistry (2012–2016)
 Ratan Tata (2016–2017)
 Natarajan Chandrasekaran (2017–present)

 AFFILIATED COMPANIES

Equity
Company Major Subsidiary
Stake

Aerospace & Defense

Air India

Air India Express

Alliance Air (India)

Air India Limited 100%
Air Asia India

Air India SATS Airport Services

(50%)

AirAsia India N/A 100%

 Equity
Company Major Subsidiary
Stake

Automotive

Consumer & Retail

Digital

Electrical & Electronics

Engineering

Financial services

Hemisphere Prop N/A 11.96%

Taj Hotels

Indian Hotel Company Vivanta 38.43

Ginger

Information Technology

Legal

Nelco Ltd. N/A 100

Panatone Finvest Hemisphere Prop (7.96%) 100%

 Equity
Company Major Subsidiary
Stake

Tata Communications (44.80%)

Tejas Networks (52.40%)

PLF PVT LTD PLC OF INDIA - TATA

Legal Processing Divisions N/A
GROUP LEGAL DIVISION

Real estate

Retail

Star Bazaar N/A 100%

Steel

Taj Air N/A 100%

Tata Advanced Systems N/A 100%

Tata AIA Life N/A 100%

Tata AIG N/A 100%

Tata Asset Management N/A 100%

 Equity
Company Major Subsidiary
Stake

Tata Autocomp Systems N/A 100%

Tata Capital N/A 100%

Tata Chemicals Europe

Rallis India Limited

Brunner Mond
Tata Chemicals 31.90%
British Salt

Magadi Soda Company

Tata Swach

Tata Communications VSNL International Canada 31.90

TCS China

TRDDC
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) 72.27
Computational Research
Laboratories

Tata Consulting Engineers N/A 100%

Tata Consumer Products Good Earth Teas 29.39%

Tata Coffee

Tata Salt
 Equity
Company Major Subsidiary
Stake

Tetley

Eight O'Clock

Tata Starbucks (50%)

BigBasket (68%)

Tata 1mg (55%)

Tata Digital Tata Neu 100%

Infiniti Retail

Tata nexarc

Tata Electronics 100%

Tata Elxsi N/A 42.22

Tata Housing N/A 100%

Tata Health
Tata Industries Ltd 100%
TataCLiQ

Tata International N/A 100%

Tata Investment Corp N/A 68.51

Tata Motors Tata AutoComp Systems 46.40

 Equity
Company Major Subsidiary
Stake

Limited

Tata Technologies Limited

Jaguar Land Rover

Tata Daewoo

Tata Hispano

Tata Hitachi Construction

Machinery

Tata Motors Cars

Tata New N/A 60%

Tata Power Solar

Nelco Limited (48.64%)

Maithon Power

Tata Power Tata Power Delhi Dist Ltd 45.21%

TP Central Odisha Dist Ltd

TP Western Odisha Dist Ltd

TP Northern Odisha Dist Ltd

Tata Projects N/A 100%

Tata Realty and Infrastructure N/A 100%

 Equity
Company Major Subsidiary
Stake

Indian Steel & Wire Products

Tata Metaliks Ltd.

Tata Steel Netherlands

Tata Steel UK

Tata Steel Long Products

(74.91%)

Tata Steel Tata Steel Thailand 32.46

The Tinplate Company of India

Limited

Tayo Rolls

Tata Robins Fraser Ltd. (TRF)

Jamshedpur FC

S&T Mining

Tata Teleservices N/A 19.58

Telecom & Media

Titan Company Ltd CaratLane 20.84

Favre-Leuba

Fastrack

Tanishq
 Equity
Company Major Subsidiary
Stake

Taneira

Tourism & Travel

Trading & Investments

Westside

Star Bazaar
Trent (Westside) 32.45
Landmark Bookstores

Zudio

Vistara N/A 51%

Voltas N/A 26.64

The Tata Group of Companies has a vast and diverse portfolio of businesses, with
operations in over 100 countries. The group's businesses range from automotive and
steel to hospitality and information technology.

According to the company's latest annual report, the Tata Group generated consolidated
revenues of INR 7.5 trillion (approximately USD 100 billion) in the fiscal year 2020-2021.
The group's consolidated profit before tax was INR 977 billion (approximately USD 13
billion), and their consolidated net profit was INR 484 billion (approximately USD 6.5
billion).

Some of the group's largest businesses include Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Tata
Motors, Tata Steel, Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, and Tata Consumer Products. In
addition to these businesses, the Tata Group has several other subsidiaries and joint
ventures in various industries, including healthcare, financial services, and aerospace.

Overall, the Tata Group of Companies is one of the largest and most diversified
business conglomerates in India and the world. Their strong presence across multiple
industries and geographies has helped them stay resilient and adapt to changing
market conditions.
 Air India Limited
Tata Group has a long history with Air India Limited, which is India's national airline
carrier. Here is some information on the relationship between Tata and Air India:

Tata's history with Air India: Tata was one of the pioneers of civil aviation in India and
had founded Tata Airlines in 1932, which later became Air India. However, after the
Indian government nationalized the airline in 1953, the Tata Group was no longer
involved in its management.

Tata's acquisition of Air India: In 2021, Tata Group won the bid to acquire Air India from
the Indian government for INR 18,000 crore (approximately USD 2.4 billion). This
acquisition marks Tata's return to the aviation sector after more than six decades.

Air India's operations: Air India operates both domestic and international flights, with a
fleet of over 120 aircraft. The airline flies to destinations across the world, including
North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

Air India's challenges: Over the years, Air India has faced several challenges, including
a large debt burden, declining market share, and operational inefficiencies. These
challenges have made it difficult for the airline to remain competitive in the global
aviation industry.
Tata's plans for Air India: Following the acquisition of Air India, Tata Group has outlined
plans to turn the airline around and make it profitable. The group plans to invest in
upgrading Air India's fleet, improving its operational efficiency, and expanding its route
network. This acquisition is expected to strengthen Tata Group's presence in the
aviation sector and help the group diversify its business portfolio further.

Air India Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Tata Group. It is headquartered at
the Airlines House in New Delhi.
It was previously a central public sector undertaking under the ownership of Ministry of Civil
Aviation. It was incorporated on 30 March 2007 as the National Aviation Company of
India Limited to oversee the merger of Air India, Indian Airlines and Alliance Air.[3] It was
renamed as Air India Limited on 26 October 2010.
Air India Limited was privatized through its sale to the Tata Group. On 8 October
2021 Tata Sons paid ₹18,000 crore (US$2.3 billion) to Government of India and Tata will
also assume ₹15,300 crore (US$1.9 billion) of Air India Limited's debt as per the transfer
deal.[5][6] The remaining ₹46,262 crore (US$5.8 billion) of Air India Limited's debt was
also transferred to AIAHL.
The Tata Group requested approval from the CCI to merge AirAsia India with Air India
Limited in April 2022,[9] which was granted on 14 June 2022.

Structure
1) National Aviation Company of India Ltd.
a) Air India
 Air India Express -Air India Express is an Indian low-cost
airline headquartered in Kochi, Kerala. It is operated by Air India Express Limited, a
wholly owned subsidiary of Indian flag carrier airline Air India. It operates around
649 flights per week to 33 destinations including the Middle East and Southeast
Asia. The airline carries around 4.3 million passengers every year connecting
140 city pairs. It has secondary
hubs in Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Tiruchirappalli, Kozhikode and Mangaluru.
 History
Air India Express came into existence on 29 April 2005, with the launch of three flights
that took off simultaneously from Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode. The airline
was launched as a low-cost carrier with the objective of providing convenient
connectivity, to short-haul international routes, in the Middle East and Southeast Asia
for the Indian expatriate community. Air India Express was Air India's response to the
growing popularity of low-cost carriers worldwide and within the region. As a low-cost
carrier, the airline operates point-to-point flights with multiple hubs all over India.
In December 2012, Air India ratified the proposal to move the headquarters to Kochi in
January 2013 and to establish a new MRO base at Thiruvananthapuram.

b) Air India Cargo

 Air India Cargo was a cargo airline, it was the freight carrying subsidiary
of Air India, based in Mumbai. It operated freighter aircraft services off and
on at different stages of its history, the latest being from 2006 to 2012.
Although the company has stopped operating as an airline it continues to
manage the belly cargo hold capacity of Air India's passenger fleet.
 History

Air India Cargo was set up in 1932, and started its freighter operations with a Douglas
DC-3 aircraft, giving Air India the distinction of being the first Asian airline to operate
freighters.
Between the 1980s and 1990s it operated Boeing 747 and Douglas DC-8 freighter aircraft
on various international routes through other companies.
In 2006 the airline relaunched freighter services following the merger of Indian
Airlines and its domestic subsidiary Alliance Air with Air India; which led to the
acquisition of a single Boeing 737-200C aircraft from Alliance's fleet, plus ten additional
passenger versions of the aircraft, of which five were converted to freighters.[citation
needed] One of these was also painted in Indian Airlines' old livery for a brief period after
conversion. All six aircraft were flying on Air India Cargo domestic routes.
Air India also converted four of its Airbus A310s. These were deployed on the Dammam-
Frankfurt route.[4] After ending international operations two were leased out to new
cargo startup Aryan Cargo Express, while a third was sold to an African company.
In November 2007, Air India partnered with GATI for a dedicated freighter service using
the 737s.
With rising competition from local cargo airlines as well as financial issues, Air India
Cargo ended freighter aircraft operations in early 2012.
 c) Air India Charters Limited
d) Air India Charters Limited
e) Air India Air Transport Services
2) Indian Airlines
 Indian Airlines was a division of Air India Limited. It was based in Delhi and focused
primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring
countries in Asia and limited flights to the Middle East and South-East Asia. It was
a division of Air India Limited after the merger of eight pre-Independence domestic
airlines.
 On 10 December 2005, the airline was rebranded as Indian for advertising purposes as a
part of a program to revamp its image in preparation for an initial public offering (IPO).
[2] The airline operated closely with Air India, India's national overseas carrier. Alliance
Air was a fully owned subsidiary of Indian.
 In 2007, the Government of India announced that Indian Airlines would be merged into Air
India Limited as its wholly owned subsidiary . As part of the merger process, a new
company called the National Aviation Company of India Limited (now called Air India
Limited) was established, into which both Air India (along with Air India Express) and
Indian (along with Alliance Air) would be merged. Once the merger was completed on 26
February 2011, the airline – called Air India – would continue to be headquartered in Mumbai
and would have a fleet of over 130 aircraft.

History

 Merger of regional airlines

The airline was set up under the Air Corporations Act, 1953 with an initial capital of
Indian Rupee symbol.svg 32 million and started operations on 1 August 1953. It was
established after legislation came into force to nationalise the entire airline industry in
India. Two new national airlines were to be formed along the same lines as happened in
the United Kingdom with British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British
European Airways (BEA). Air India took over international routes and Indian Airlines
Corporation (IAC) took over the domestic and regional routes.

Eight pre-Independence domestic airlines, Deccan Airways, Airways India, Bharat

Airways, Himalayan Aviation, Kalinga Airlines, Indian National Airways and Air Services
of India and the Domestic wing of Air India, were merged to form the new domestic
national carrier Indian Airlines Corporation. International operations of Air India Ltd. Was
taken over by the newly formed Air India International. Indian Airlines Corporation
inherited a fleet of 99 aircraft including 74 Douglas DC-3 Dakotas, 12 Vickers Vikings, 3
Douglas DC-4s and various smaller types from the seven airlines that made it up.
  Early Fleet
Vickers Viscounts were introduced in 1957 with Fokker F27 Friendships being delivered
from 1961. The 1960s also saw Hawker Siddeley HS 748s, manufactured in India by
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, join the fleet. The jet age began for IAC with the
introduction of the pure-jet Sud Aviation Caravelle airliner in 1964, followed by Boeing
737-200s in the early 1970s. April 1976 saw the first three Airbus A300 wide-body jets
being introduced. The regional airline, Vayudoot, which had been established in 1981,
was later reintegrated. By 1988, Airbus A320-200s were introduced. The economic
liberalisation process initiated by the Government of India in the early 1990s ended
Indian Airlines' dominance of India's domestic air transport industry.
 Air India Merger
In 2007, the Government of India announced the merger of Air India and Indian
Airlines. However, while the “Indian” branding was replaced with the Air India brand in
the public eye, the “IC” and “IAC” codes of IATA and ICAO respectively, and callsign
“INDAIR” continued to be used on domestic flights and international flights that were
operated by Airbus A320 family aircraft until 26 February 2011, when Indian Airlines
ceased operating under its own brand and codes and completed its merger with Air
India.
Tata Advanced System
Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) is an Indian aerospace manufacturing, military
engineering and defense technology company. It is a fully owned subsidiary of Tata
Sons, a holding company for the Tata Group.

History
TASL entered into a joint-venture with Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation to manufacture the
Sikorsky S-92 helicopter in India for the domestic civil and military markets. The plan
was to have a US$200 million manufacturing plant operational in Hyderabad by 2010.As
production began, the first S-92 cabin was delivered in November 2010,and capacity
was expected to increase to 36–48 cabins a year.[8] By the end of July 2013, assembly
of 39 cabins had been completed.

The joint-venture with Sikorsky has since been expanded to include development of
aerospace components for other OEMs. This facility, called Tara, also located in
Hyderabad, was completed in 2011 and commenced production in 2012.Another TASL
joint-venture, with Lockheed Martin, is producing aero structures for the Lockheed C-
130 Hercules and the Lockheed C-130J Super Hercules in India. It is a 74:26 joint
venture which currently assembles Hercules centre wing boxes and empennages.

In partnership with Airbus Defence and Space, the company fielded the EADS CASA C-
295 for the Indian Air Force light-cargo fleet renewal program, which the Indian
government approved on 13 May 2015. Under the project 16 complete aircraft will be
imported, while 40 aircraft will be manufactured in India.

The company has also entered an agreement to produce structures for the Pilatus PC-
12NG from 2016 to 2026.

On 3 May 2018, Tata Advanced Systems acquired Tata Motors' aerospace and defense
unit in a sale.

In Sept 2018, Lockheed Martin announced that it is going to build all wings for the F-16
fighter jet in collaboration with TASL

In 2018, Tata Boeing Aerospace Limited (TBAL), a joint venture between Boeing
[NYSE: BA] and Tata Advanced Systems Ltd. (TASL), inaugurated a facility in
Hyderabad which will be the sole global producer of fuselages for AH-64 Apache
helicopter delivered by Boeing to its global customers.

In 2020, Tata Advanced Systems acquired Tata Power SED from Tata Power.

In early 2021, it was reported that Tata Advanced Systems of India had likely bought the
intellectual property rights of the Grob G180 SPn aircraft for the development of a
military variant to be offered to the Indian army as a signals intelligence gathering and
surveillance platform.
In February 2021, Lockheed Martin announced that they are teaming with Tata
Advanced Systems for meeting the Indian Navy's proposed requirement for Naval Utility
Helicopter (NUH).

In September 2021 India has signed deal of buying C-295 Cargo aircraft and that will be
made by Tata Advanced System.

Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) is a subsidiary of Tata Sons, which focuses on
providing advanced technology solutions to various industries, including aerospace,
defense, and homeland security. Here is some information on how TASL started:

Inception: TASL was established in 2007, with a focus on the aerospace and defense
industries. The company's vision was to develop world-class products and technologies
that would meet the requirements of India's defense forces and other global customers.

Joint ventures: To expand its capabilities and reach, TASL formed several joint ventures
with global partners, including Lockheed Martin, Sikorsky Aircraft, and Boeing. These
partnerships helped the company access advanced technologies and manufacturing
processes, enabling it to provide high-quality products and solutions.

Diversification: In addition to aerospace and defense, TASL has diversified into other
areas, such as renewable energy and homeland security. The company has developed
products and solutions for solar power generation, geospatial technology, and critical
infrastructure protection, among others.

Investments in research and development: TASL has invested heavily in research and
development, setting up state-of-the-art facilities and laboratories to develop cutting-
edge technologies. The company's focus on innovation has helped it stay ahead of the
curve and develop solutions that meet the evolving needs of its customers.

Acquisition of Titan Aerospace: In 2014, TASL acquired Titan Aerospace, a company

that specialized in developing high-altitude solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs). This acquisition helped TASL expand its capabilities in the aerospace sector
and position itself as a leader in the development of UAVs.

Overall, TASL's focus on innovation, strategic partnerships, and investments in research

and development has enabled the company to establish itself as a leading provider of
advanced technology solutions in various industries.
  Tata Consultancy Service
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT)
services and consulting company with its headquarters in Mumbai.[6][7] It is a part of
the Tata Group and operates in 150 locations across 46 countries. In July 2022, it was
reported that TCS had over 600,000 employees worldwide.

TCS is the second largest Indian company by market capitalization and is among the
most valuable IT service brands worldwide. In 2015, TCS was ranked 64th overall in the
Forbes "World's Most Innovative Companies" ranking, making it one of the highest-
ranked IT services companies and a top Indian company.As of 2018, it is ranked
eleventh on the Fortune India 500 list.[14] In September 2021, TCS recorded a market
capitalization of US$200 billion, making it the first Indian IT tech company to do so. In
December 2022, the market cap was Rs. 11,71,481.89 crore.

In 2016–2017, parent company Tata Sons owned 72.05% of TCS[19] and more than
70% of Tata Sons' dividends were generated by TCS.

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is one of the largest IT services companies in the
world, providing a range of technology solutions to clients in various industries. Here is
some information on how TCS started:

Inception: TCS was founded in 1968 by Tata Sons, the holding company of the Tata
Group. The company's primary focus was to provide software services to other Tata
Group companies.

Expansion: TCS expanded its operations in the 1970s and 1980s, building a strong
reputation for providing high-quality software services to clients in various industries.
The company's early success was due in large part to its ability to provide cost-effective
solutions while maintaining high levels of quality and reliability.
Globalization: In the 1990s, TCS began to expand its global footprint, setting up offices
in the United States, Europe, and other parts of the world. This expansion helped the
company tap into new markets and attract clients from different geographies.

Diversification: Over the years, TCS has diversified its business, expanding into new
areas such as digital transformation, cloud computing, and analytics. The company's
ability to innovate and stay ahead of the curve has helped it remain relevant in a rapidly
changing technology landscape.

Strategic acquisitions: TCS has made several strategic acquisitions over the years to
expand its capabilities and reach. For example, in 2008, the company acquired
Citigroup's captive business process outsourcing (BPO) unit, which helped TCS expand
its BPO capabilities and strengthen its presence in the financial services sector.

Overall, TCS's focus on quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction has helped it
become one of the most respected and successful IT services companies in the world.
The company's ability to adapt to changing market conditions and stay ahead of the
competition has enabled it to remain a market leader for over five decades
History
1968–2005

Tata Consultancy Services Limited, initially started as Tata Computer Systems, was
founded in 1968 by a division of Tata Sons Limited. Its early contracts included punched
card services to sister company TISCO (now Tata Steel), working on an Inter-Branch
Reconciliation System for the Central Bank of India,and providing bureau services to
Unit Trust of India.

In 1975, TCS delivered an electronic depository and trading system called SECOM for a
Swiss company SIS SegaInterSettle; it also developed System X for the Canadian
Depository System and automated the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. TCS associated
with a Swiss partner, TKS Teknosoft, which it later acquired.

In 1980, TCS established India's first dedicated software research and development
centre, the Tata Research Development and Design Centre (TRDDC) in Pune. In 1981,
it established India's first client-dedicated offshore development centre, set up for clients
Tandem. In 1993 TCS partnered with Canada-based software factory Integrity Software
Corp, which TCS later acquired.

In anticipation of the Y2K bug and the launch of a unified European currency (Euro),
Tata Consultancy Services created the factory model for Y2K conversion and developed
software tools which automated the conversion process and enabled third-party
developer and client implementation.Towards the end of 1999, TCS decided to offer
Decision Support System (DSS) in the domestic market under its Corporate Vice
President and Transformation Head Subbu Iyer. The company also registered its first
tagline “Beyond the Obvious” in 1999.

2005 to 2021

On 25 August 2004, TCS became a publicly listed company.

In 2005, TCS became the first India based IT services company to enter the
bioinformatics market, and in the same year TCS changed the tagline from “Beyond the
Obvious” to "Experience Certainty". In 2006, it designed an ERP system for the Indian
Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation. By 2008, its e-business activities were
generating over US$500 million in annual revenues.

TCS entered the small and medium enterprises market for the first time in 2011, with
cloud-based offerings.On the last trading day of 2011, it overtook RIL to achieve the
highest market capitalization of any India-based company. In the 2011–12 fiscal year,
TCS achieved annual revenues of over US$10 billion for the first time.

In May 2013, TCS was awarded a six-year contract worth over ₹11 billion (US$140
million) to provide services to the Indian Department of Posts. In 2013, the firm moved
from the 13th position to 10th position in the League of top 10 global IT services
companies and in July 2014, it became the first Indian company with over ₹5 trillion
(equivalent to ₹6.8 trillion or US$85 billion in 2020) market capitalization.

In Jan 2015, TCS ends RIL's 23-year run as India's most profitable firm.[44]

In Jan 2017, the company announced a partnership with Aurus, Inc., a payments
technology company, to deliver payment solutions for retailers using TCS OmniStore, a
first of its kind unified store commerce platform.[45] In the same year, TCS China was
associated as a joint venture with the Chinese government.[46]

In March 2018, Tata Sons sold stocks of TCS worth $1.25 billion in a bulk deal.[47]

TCS received the 2019 American Business Awards from Four Stevies.[48]

On 8 October 2020, TCS surpassed Accenture in market capitalization to become the

world's most-valuable IT company with a market cap of $144.73 billion.[49] On 25
January 2021, TCS again surpassed Accenture briefly, in market capitalization to
become the world's most-valuable IT company with a market cap of $170 billion.[50]
The same day, TCS became India's most valuable company, surpassing Reliance
Industries with a market cap of ₹12.55 trillion (US$160 billion).[51] In 2021 Tata is also
one of the largest job provider in India hiring 43,000 individuals in H1 FY22.[52] In
October 2021, N Ganapathy Subramaniam, the COO of TCS, stated that its platforms
and products business is worth approximately $3 billion.[53] The company's platforms
and products business includes TCS' SaaS-based platforms, and according to
Subramaniam, between October 2020 and October 2021, 95% of the deals won by TCS
have been for its cloud platforms and SaaS platforms.[53] Also, in 2021 TCS got a
millennial makeover. Under the leadership of Rajashree R, TCS Chief Marketing Officer
(CMO), the company changed the tagline from "Experience Certainty" to "Building on
Belief".[54]

In May 2021, alongside consortium partner Neurotechnology, TCS was selected by the
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to provide biometric technology for the
Aadhaar digital ID program.[55] The Aadhaar program has been described by the World
Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer as the "most sophisticated ID programme in the
world"[56] owing to the existing database of over 1.3 billion citizens.
  Tata Steal

Tata Steel Limited is an Indian multinational steel-making company, based in

Jamshedpur, Jharkhand and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a part of the
Tata Group.

Formerly known as Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), Tata Steel is among
the top steel producing companies in the world with an annual crude steel capacity of 34
million tonnes. It is one of the world's most geographically diversified steel producers,
with operations and commercial presence across the world. The group (excluding SEA
operations) recorded a consolidated turnover of US$19.7 billion in the financial year
ending 31 March 2020. It is the second largest steel company in India (measured by
domestic production) with an annual capacity of 13 million tonnes after Steel Authority of
India Ltd. (SAIL). TATA Steel, along with SAIL and Jindal Steel and Power, are the only
3 Indian steel companies that have captive iron-ore mines, which gives the three
companies price advantages.

The Key Managerial Personnel (KMP) at Tata Steel Limited India are Koushik
Chatterjee as CFO (KMP) and Parvatheesam Kanchinadham as Company Secretary.
Koushik Chatterjee, Mallika Srinivasan, Chandrasekaran Natarajan and 7 other
members are presently associated as directors

Tata Steel operates in 26 countries with key operations in India, Netherlands and the
United Kingdom, and employs around 80,500 people.[6] Its largest plant (10 MTPA
capacity) is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. In 2007, Tata Steel acquired the UK-
based steel maker Corus.[7][6] It was ranked 486th in the 2014 Fortune Global 500
ranking of the world's biggest corporations.[8] It was the seventh most valuable Indian
brand of 2013 according to Brand Finance.

In July 2019 Tata Steel Kalinganagar (TSK) was included in the list of the World
Economic Forum's (WEF) Global Lighthouse Network.
Tata Steel has been recognised amongst India's Best Workplaces in Manufacturing
2022 by Great Place to Work. This recognition has been received for the fifth time,
highlights the company's sustained focus on fostering a culture of high-trust, integrity,
growth, and care for the employees.Tata Steel has also been inclusive towards its
LGBTQ employees and also provides health insurance benefits for partners of its
LGBTQ employees under the new HR policy.

Tata Steel is a leading steel manufacturer in India and one of the largest producers of
steel globally. Here is some information on the work done by Tata Steel:

Production: Tata Steel produces a wide range of steel products, including hot-rolled and
cold-rolled coils, galvanized sheets, tubes, wires, and bars. The company has several
manufacturing plants in India, as well as in Europe and Southeast Asia.

Research and development: Tata Steel invests heavily in research and development to
develop new products, improve production processes, and reduce costs. The company
has several research and development centers in India and Europe, which work on
developing new technologies and products.

Sustainability: Tata Steel is committed to sustainability and has implemented several

initiatives to reduce its environmental impact. The company has set a target to reduce
its greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030 and has implemented several measures
to reduce waste and improve energy efficiency.

Corporate social responsibility: Tata Steel is also committed to corporate social

responsibility and has implemented several initiatives to improve the lives of people in
the communities where it operates. The company has established schools, hospitals,
and other infrastructure projects in these communities and has implemented several
programs to promote education and healthcare.

Global presence: Tata Steel has a significant global presence, with operations in several
countries, including India, the UK, the Netherlands, and Thailand. The company exports
its products to several countries around the world and has a strong reputation for quality
and reliability.

Overall, Tata Steel's commitment to quality, research and development, sustainability,

and corporate social responsibility has helped it become one of the most respected and
successful steel manufacturers in the world. The company's ability to adapt to changing
market conditions and implement innovative solutions has enabled it to remain a market
leader for over a century.

History
Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was founded by Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata and
established by Sir Dorabji Tata on 26 August 1907. TISCO started pig iron production in
1911 and began producing steel in 1912 as a branch of Jamsetji's Tata Group.[14][15]
[16] The first steel ingot was manufactured on 16 February 1912. During the First World
War (1914–1918), the company made rapid progress.

In 1920, The Tata Iron & Steel Company also incorporated The Tinplate Company of
India Ltd (TCIL), as a joint venture with then Burmah Shell to manufacture Tinplate.
TCIL is now Tata Tinplate and holds 70% market share in India.
By 1939, it operated the largest steel plant in the British Empire. The company launched
a major modernisation and expansion program in 1951. Later, in 1958, the program was
upgraded to 2 million metric tonnes per annum (MTPA) project.By 1970, the company
employed around 40,000 people at Jamshedpur, and a further 20,000 in the
neighbouring coal mines.

In November 2021, Tata Steel was the most profitable company in the Tata Group.

Nationalisation attempts

There were two attempts one in 1971 and another in 1979, nationalise the company.
Both were unsuccessful attempts. In 1971 Indira Gandhi regime tried to nationalise the
company, but failed. In 1979 Janata Party regime (1977–79), wanted to nationalise
TISCO (now Tata Steel). Then Minister for Industries George Fernandes, at the
instigation of Biju Patnaik, Minister for Steel threatened nationalisation, but due to the
unions protests the move failed

In 1990, the company began to expand, and established its subsidiary, Tata Inc., in New
York. The company changed its name from TISCO to Tata Steel Ltd. in 2005.
  Tata Power
Tata Power Company Limited is an Indian electric utility company based in Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India and is part of the Tata Group. The core business of the company is
to generate, transmit and distribute electricity. With an installed electricity generation
capacity of 10,577 MW, it is India's largest integrated power company. Tata Power has
been ranked 3rd in 2017 Responsible Business Rankings developed by IIM Udaipur. In
February 2017, Tata Power became the first Indian company to ship over 1 GW solar
modules.

Tata Power is one of India's largest power generation and distribution companies, with a
focus on clean and renewable energy. Here is some information on how the Tata Power
business started:

Inception: Tata Power was founded in 1915 as The Tata Hydro-Electric Power Supply
Company. The company was established to generate hydroelectric power to supply to
the city of Mumbai (then known as Bombay). It was one of the first companies in India to
generate hydroelectric power.

Expansion: Over the years, Tata Power expanded its operations to other parts of India,
and began generating power from other sources such as coal and gas. The company
also diversified into other areas such as transmission and distribution, and renewable
energy.

Sustainability: Tata Power has been committed to sustainability since its inception. The
company was one of the first in India to adopt renewable energy, and has invested
heavily in clean and renewable sources of power such as wind and solar. Today, Tata
Power is one of the largest renewable energy companies in India, with a capacity of
over 3,000 MW.

Global presence: Tata Power has a significant global presence, with operations in
several countries such as South Africa, Bhutan, and Indonesia. The company has also
invested in several international renewable energy projects, such as wind farms in
South Africa and solar projects in Bangladesh.
Future plans: Tata Power has ambitious plans for the future, such as expanding its
renewable energy capacity to 12,000 MW by 2030, and investing in emerging
technologies such as energy storage and electric vehicles.

Overall, Tata Power's success is a testament to its focus on innovation, sustainability,

and customer needs. The company's commitment to renewable energy and clean
power has helped it become a leader in the industry, and its global presence and
ambitious plans for the future ensure that it will remain a significant player in the energy
sector for years to come.

History
The firm started as the Tata Hydroelectric Power Supply Company in 1910,[13][14]
which amalgamated with the Andhra Valley Power Supply Company in 1916. It
commissioned India's Second hydro-electric project in 1915 in Khopoli for 72 MW. Then
second and third power plants were installed in Bhivpuri (75 MW) in 1919 and Bhira
(300 MW) in 1922.

Operations
Tata Power has operations in India, Singapore, Indonesia, South Africa and Bhutan.
Tata Power Group has its operations based in 35 locations in India.

The thermal power stations of the company are located at Trombay in Mumbai, Mundra
in Gujarat, Jojobera and Maithon in Jharkhand, Kalinganagar in Odisha, Haldia in West
Bengal and Belgaum in Karnataka. The hydro stations are located in the Western Ghats
of Maharashtra and the wind farms in Ahmednagar, Supa, Khanke, Brahmanwel,
Gadag, Samana and Visapur. The company installed India's first 500 MW unit at
Trombay, the first 150 MW pumped storage unit at Bhira, and a flue gas
desulphurization plant for pollution control at Trombay. It has generation capacities in
the States of Jharkhand and Karnataka, and a distribution company in Delhi, servicing
over one million consumers spread over 510 square km in the North Delhi. The peak
load in this area is about 1,150 MW.Tata Power announced on 24 July 2012,
commissioning of the second unit of 525 MW capacity of the Maithon mega thermal
project in Dhanbad. The first unit of identical capacity was commissioned in September
2011.
  Tata Motors
Tata Motors Limited is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company,
headquartered in Mumbai, India, which is part of the Tata Group. The company
produces passenger cars, trucks, vans, coaches, buses.

Formerly known as Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO), the company
was founded in 1945 as a manufacturer of locomotives. The company manufactured its
first commercial vehicle in 1954 in a collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended
in 1969. Tata Motors entered the passenger vehicle market in 1988 with the launch of
the TataMobile followed by the Tata Sierra in 1991, becoming the first Indian
manufacturer to achieve the capability of developing a competitive indigenous
automobile. In 1998, Tata launched the first fully indigenous Indian passenger car, the
Indica, and in 2008 launched the Tata Nano, the world's most affordable car. Tata
Motors acquired the South Korean truck manufacturer Daewoo Commercial Vehicles
Company in 2004. Tata Motors has been the parent company of Jaguar Land Rover
since the company established it for the acquisition of Jaguar Cars and Land Rover
from Ford in 2008.

Tata Motors' principal subsidiaries include British premium car maker Jaguar Land
Rover (the maker of Jaguar and Land Rover cars) and the South Korean commercial
vehicle manufacturer Tata Daewoo. Tata Motors has a construction-equipment
manufacturing joint venture with Hitachi (Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery), and a
joint venture with Stellantis which manufactures automotive components and Fiat
Chrysler and Tata branded vehicles. On 12 October 2021, private equity firm TPG
invested $1 billion in Tata Motors' electric vehicle subsidiary.

Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and vehicle plants in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar,
Lucknow, Sanand, Dharwad, and Pune in India, as well as in Argentina, South Africa,
the United Kingdom, and Thailand. It has research and development centres in Pune,
Jamshedpur, Lucknow, Dharwad, India and South Korea, the United Kingdom, and
Spain. Tata Motors is listed on the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange), where it is a
constituent of the BSE SENSEX index, the National Stock Exchange of India, and the
New York Stock Exchange. The company is ranked 265th on the Fortune Global 500 list
of the world's biggest corporations as of 2019.
On 17 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman of the
company Tata Group. Tata Motors increased its UV market share to over 8% in FY2019.

Tata Motors is one of India's largest automobile manufacturers, with a presence in

several countries around the world. Here is some information on how the Tata Motors
business started:

Inception: Tata Motors was founded in 1945 as Tata Engineering and Locomotive
Company (TELCO) by JRD Tata, the chairman of the Tata Group at the time. The
company's initial focus was on locomotives, but it soon diversified into commercial
vehicles such as trucks and buses.

Collaboration: In the 1950s, Tata Motors entered into a collaboration with Daimler-Benz
AG of Germany to produce commercial vehicles in India. This collaboration helped Tata
Motors gain access to advanced technology and expertise in manufacturing, and helped
the company establish itself as a leading player in the Indian automobile industry.

Expansion: Over the years, Tata Motors expanded its operations to other areas such as
passenger cars, sports utility vehicles (SUVs), and electric vehicles. The company also
acquired several international brands such as Jaguar Land Rover and Daewoo
Commercial Vehicles, which helped it gain a foothold in international markets.

Innovation: Tata Motors has always been focused on innovation and technology, and
has been a pioneer in several areas such as electric and hybrid vehicles. The company
has also invested in research and development to develop new technologies and
improve its products.

Sustainability: Tata Motors has been committed to sustainability and social

responsibility. The company has implemented several initiatives to reduce its carbon
footprint and improve its environmental performance, and has also invested in programs
to support local communities.
Overall, Tata Motors' success is a testament to its focus on innovation, collaboration,
and customer needs. The company's commitment to sustainability and social
responsibility has helped it build a strong reputation as a responsible corporate citizen,
and its expansion into international markets ensures that it will remain a significant
player in the global automobile industry for years to come.

History
Tata Motors was founded in 1945, as a locomotive manufacturer. Tata Group entered
the commercial vehicle sector in 1954 after forming a joint venture with Daimler-Benz of
Germany. After years of dominating the commercial vehicle market in India, Tata Motors
entered the passenger vehicle market in 1991 by launching the Tata Sierra, a sport
utility vehicle based on the Tata Mobile platform. Tata subsequently launched the Tata
Estate (1992; a station wagon design based on the earlier Tata Mobile), the Tata Sumo
(1994, a 5-door SUV) and the Tata Safari (1998).

Tata Indica (first generation)

Tata launched the Indica in 1998, a fully indigenous Indian passenger car tailor-made to
suit Indian consumer needs though styled by I.D.E.A, Italy. Although initially criticized by
auto analysts, its excellent fuel economy, powerful engine, and aggressive marketing
strategy made it one of the best-selling cars in the history of the Indian automobile
industry. A newer version of the car, named Indica V2, was a major improvement over
the previous version and quickly became a mass favorite. Tata Motors also successfully
exported large numbers of car to South Africa. The success of the Indica played a key
role in the growth of Tata Motors.

In 2004, Tata Motors acquired Daewoo's South Korea-based truck manufacturing unit,
Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, later renamed Tata Daewoo.

On 27 September 2004, Ratan Tata, the Chairman of Tata Motors, rang the opening bell
at the New York Stock Exchange to mark the listing of Tata Motors.
In 2005, Tata Motors acquired a 21% controlling stake in the Spanish bus and coach
manufacturer Hispano Carrocera. Tata Motors continued its market area expansion
through the introduction of new products such as buses (Starbus and Globus, jointly
developed with subsidiary Hispano Carrocera) and trucks (Novus, jointly developed with
subsidiary Tata Daewoo).

In 2006, Tata formed a joint venture with the Brazil-based Marcopolo, Tata Marcopolo
Bus, to manufacture fully built buses and coaches.

In 2008, Tata Motors acquired the English car maker Jaguar Land Rover, manufacturer
of the Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford Motor Company.

In April 2022, Tata AVINYA Concept:A NEW PARADIGM OF INNOVATION;[19]

Tata acquired full ownership of Hispano Carrocera in 2009.

In 2009, its Lucknow plant was awarded the "Best of All" Rajiv Gandhi National Quality
Award.

In 2010, Tata Motors acquired an 80% stake in the Italian design and engineering
company Trilix for €1.85 million. The acquisition formed part of the company's plan to
enhance its styling and design capabilities.

In 2012, Tata Motors announced it would invest around ₹6 billion in the development of
Futuristic Infantry Combat Vehicles in collaboration with DRDO.

In 2013, Tata Motors announced it will sell in India, the first vehicle in the world to run on
compressed air (engines designed by the French company MDI) and dubbed "Mini
CAT".
In 2014, Tata Motors introduced the first Truck Racing championship in India "T1 Prima
Truck Racing Championship".

On 26 January 2014, the Managing Director Karl Slym was found dead. He fell from the
22nd floor to the fourth floor of the Shangri-La Hotel in Bangkok, where he was to attend
a meeting of Tata Motors Thailand.

On 2 November 2015, Tata Motors announced Lionel Messi as global brand

ambassador at New Delhi, to promote and endorse passenger vehicles globally.

On 27 December 2016, Tata Motors announced the Bollywood actor Akshay Kumar as
brand ambassador for its commercial vehicles range.

On 8 March 2017, Tata Motors announced that it has signed a memorandum of

understanding with Volkswagen to develop vehicles for India's domestic market.

Tata Nano, was the world's most affordable car.

On 3 May 2018, Tata Motors announced that it sold its aerospace and defence business
to another Tata Group Entity, Tata Advanced Systems, to unlock their full potential.

On 29 April 2019, Tata Motors announced a partnership with Nirma University in

Ahmedabad to provide a B.Tech. degree programme for employees of its Sanand plant.

On 24 March 2020, Tata Motors Ltd announced that it would spin off its passenger
vehicles arm as a separate unit within the company.

On 5 March 2021, Tata Motors' shareholders approved hiving off its passenger vehicles
business into a separate entity.
In August 2021, as a complimentary reward for Indian Olympians who finished close
fourth in Tokyo Olympics 2021 and missed the place for Bronze, the company planned
to recognize the efforts by gifting an Altroz hatchback.

On 23 August 2021 Tata Motors announced it will launch its mini SUV Punch in the
ongoing festive season.

On 30 May 2022 Tata Motors announced that it has signed an agreement to acquire a
Ford India manufacturing plant in Sanand, Gujarat.[37] Tata Motors agreed to pay
7.26bn rupees ($91.5m) for the manufacturing plant.

In December 2022 Tata Motors had a Market cap of Rs. 11,71,481.89 crore.

Tata Motors produces a wide range of vehicles for different segments and purposes.
Here are some of the types of products offered by Tata Motors and some information
about them:
Passenger cars: Tata Motors produces a range of passenger cars, from compact
hatchbacks such as the Tata Tiago and Tata Altroz to mid-size sedans such as the Tata
Tigor and Tata Nexon EV. These cars are known for their fuel efficiency, affordability,
and innovative features.

Sports utility vehicles (SUVs): Tata Motors has a strong presence in the SUV segment,
with models such as the Tata Safari, Tata Harrier, and Tata Hexa. These vehicles are
known for their ruggedness, versatility, and off-road capabilities.

Commercial vehicles: Tata Motors is one of the largest manufacturers of commercial

vehicles in India, with a range of trucks, buses, and vans. These vehicles are used for a
variety of purposes such as transportation of goods, public transport, and emergency
services.

Electric vehicles: Tata Motors is committed to promoting sustainable transportation and

has a range of electric vehicles such as the Tata Nexon EV and Tata Tigor EV. These
vehicles are known for their high performance, low maintenance, and zero emissions.

Defence vehicles: Tata Motors also produces a range of defence vehicles such as
armoured personnel carriers, missile launchers, and logistics vehicles. These vehicles
are used by the Indian Armed Forces and have been designed to meet the specific
requirements of the defence sector.

Overall, Tata Motors offers a diverse range of products that cater to different segments
and purposes. The company's focus on innovation, sustainability, and customer needs
has helped it establish itself as a leading player in the Indian automobile industry, and
its expansion into international markets ensures that it will continue to grow and evolve
in the years to come.
  Tata Chemicals
Tata Chemicals Limited is an Indian global company with interests in chemicals,
crop protection and specialty chemistry products headquartered in Mumbai,
India. The company is one of the largest chemical companies in India with
operations in India, Europe, North America and Africa. Tata Chemicals is a
subsidiary of Tata Group conglomerate. Tata Chemicals has a publicly listed
subsidiary called Rallis India.

Tata Chemicals is a subsidiary of the Tata Group and is involved in the

production and sale of a range of chemicals and consumer products. Here are
some of the key areas of business for Tata Chemicals:

Chemicals: Tata Chemicals is one of the largest producers of chemicals in India,

with a range of products such as soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, and salt. These
products are used in a variety of industries such as glass, detergents, and food
processing.

Fertilizers: Tata Chemicals is also a major producer of fertilizers, with products

such as urea, di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), and complex fertilizers. These
products are used in agriculture to enhance crop yield and productivity.

Consumer products: Tata Chemicals also produces a range of consumer

products such as Tata Salt, Tata Sampann, and Tata I-Shakti. These products are
marketed towards health-conscious consumers and are known for their high
quality and purity.

Specialty chemicals: Tata Chemicals also produces specialty chemicals such as

sodium cyanide, potassium bromate, and bromine. These chemicals are used in
a variety of industrial applications such as metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, and
agrochemicals.

Overall, Tata Chemicals is a diverse company with operations in several areas of

the chemical industry. The company's focus on innovation, sustainability, and
customer needs has helped it establish a strong reputation in the industry and
ensures that it will continue to grow and evolve in the years to come.

History and Operations

Tata Chemicals is the second largest soda ash production capacity plant in India.
This was the second soda ash plant built in India by Kapilram Vakil (Grandson of
late Indian justice Nanabhai Haridas) that started operating in the year 1944.[8]
The township Mithapur, derives its name from "Mitha" which means salt in
Gujarati language.

Since 2006 Tata Chemicals has owned Brunner Mond, a United Kingdom-based
chemical company with operations in Magadi (Kenya) and General Chemicals, in
United States of America.

On 27 March 2008, Tata Chemicals Ltd acquired 100 per cent[9][10] With all
these acquisitions, combined capacity of production has increased to around
5.17 million tons of soda ash.

In April 2010, Tata Chemicals acquired 25% stake in ammonia-urea fertilizer

complex in Gabon for US$290 million. The first phase of the plant will have a full
operational capacity of 2.2 billion tons of ammonia and 3.85 billion tons of urea
per day.[4]

In 2019, Tata Group transferred Tata Chemicals' branded food business to Tata
Global Beverages (now Tata Consumer Products), in an all shares deal.

In 2016, Tata Chemicals sold its urea business to Pune-based Yara India, part of
the Norwegian chemical company, Yara International.
In 2022, Tata Chemicals, through its subsidiary, Tata Chemicals Europe set up
the UK's first industrial-scale carbon capture and usage plant The plant can
capture 40,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per annum.

 Tata Consumer Product

Tata Consumer Products Limited (formerly Tata Global Beverages Limited) is a

part of the Tata Group, one of the largest conglomerates in India. The company
was formed in 1964 as Tata Finlay, a joint venture between Tata Sons and James
Finlay & Co. of the UK. The company's primary focus was on tea, and it began
with the acquisition of tea estates in India.

Over the years, Tata Consumer Products Limited expanded its product portfolio
beyond tea to include coffee, water, and other beverages. The company also
ventured into the international market, acquiring companies such as Tetley in the
UK and Eight O'Clock Coffee in the US.

In 2019, Tata Consumer Products Limited was formed as a result of the merger
of Tata Global Beverages Limited and the consumer products business of Tata
Chemicals Limited. This merger brought together Tata Global Beverages
Limited's expertise in beverages and Tata Chemicals Limited's expertise in food
products.

Today, Tata Consumer Products Limited is one of the largest food and beverage
companies in India, with a presence in over 40 countries. The company's product
portfolio includes tea, coffee, water, juices, snacks, and spices, among others. It
continues to innovate and expand its product range, with a focus on sustainability
and responsible sourcing.

Tata Consumer Products is an Indian fast-moving consumer goods company and

a part of the Tata Group.[5] Its registered office is located in Kolkata while its
corporate headquarters is in Mumbai. It is the world's second-largest
manufacturer and distributor of tea and a major producer of coffee.[6]

Formerly known as Tata Global Beverages Limited (TGBL), Tata Consumer

Products was formed when the consumer products business of Tata Chemicals
merged with Tata Global Beverages in February 2020.[7] The company now
operates in the food and beverages industry, with ~56% of their revenue coming
from India while the rest is from their international businesses. After the merger,
the company controls Indian and international brands like Tata Salt, Tata Tea,
Tetley, Eight O'Clock Coffee, Good Earth Tea, Tata Sampann and Tata Starbucks.
[8]

Tata Tea is the biggest-selling tea brand in India. Tetley is the biggest-selling tea
brand in Canada and the second-biggest-selling in the United Kingdom and the
United States.
History
1980 to 1990

In the early 1980s, the tea industry in India was experiencing rising input and
labour costs and dwindling margins as well as high taxes. India was facing
competition on the world market not just from China, but also from other
countries entering the business.

In 1983, Tata Tea bought the stake belonging to the James Finlay group to form
the individual entity Tata Tea. In the same year, the company decided to move
from the commodities business to consumer branding. The first brand Tata Tea
was introduced. This was followed by other brands like Kannan Devan, Agni,
Gemini and Chakra Gold. In spite of being the largest market in the world, the
concept of branded tea took time to be accepted.

In 1987, Tata Tea set up a fully owned subsidiary, Tata Tea Inc., in United States.

1990 to 2000

In the 1990s, Tata Tea decided to take its brands into the global markets. It
formed an export joint venture with Britain's Tetley Tea in 1992. Other new
enterprises included a majority interest in Consolidated Coffee Ltd. (Tata Coffee
Ltd.) and a joint venture to manage agricultural estates in Sri Lanka. Tata Tea Inc.
in United States processed and marketed instant tea from its facility in Florida,
based on sourcing of instant tea products out of Munnar and Kerala. In 1993,
they entered into a joint venture with Allied Lyons PLC in UK to form Estate Tata
Tetley.

In the mid-1990s, Tata Tea attempted to buy Tetley and the Lankan JVC acquired
51% shareholding in Watawala Plantations Ltd.

In 1997 the company was embroiled in a major scandal known as the "Tata
Tapes controversy" which related to funds the company provided to the outlawed
United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA), an armed-struggle group operating in
Assam.

By 1999, Tata Tea's brands had a combined market share of 25% in India.
[citation needed] The company had 74 tea gardens and was producing 6.2 crore
kilograms of tea a year, two-thirds of it packaged and branded. Towards the end
of the year, the tea business was hit by a drought in much of India. In addition,
Russia, once the largest buyer of Indian tea, temporarily withdrew from the
market.

2000 to 2010

Tetley tea canister from Canada

An important step for Tata Tea was the acquisition of the Tetley Group (based in
United Kingdom) in 2000. It was a £271 million ($432 million) leveraged buyout.
Tata Tea reportedly outbid the American conglomerate Sara Lee in what was
described, at the time, as the largest takeover of a foreign company by an Indian
company. At the time, Tetley was the world's second-largest tea company after
Unilever's Brooke Bond-Lipton and had an annual turnover of £300 million. It was
the market leader in Britain and Canada and a popular brand in United States,
Australia and the Middle East.

Established in 1837, Tetley was the first British tea company to introduce the tea
bag to UK in 1953. The tea bag was followed by the first round tea bag in 1989
and the 'no drip, no mess' drawstring bag in 1997. Tetley now contributes for
around two-thirds of the total turnover of Tata Tea.

From 2005, Tata Tea began a restructuring exercise to divest direct ownership of
plantations in India, a process facilitated by subsidised loans from the World
Bank's International Finance Corporation.

In 2006, Tata Tea acquired Eight O'Clock Coffee, a U.S.-based coffee producer
from Gryphon Investors for $220m; before being sold to Gryphon, the Eight
O'Clock Coffee brand was originally owned by The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea
Company from its beginnings in 1859 to 2003.

In 2007, Tata Tea launched the campaign Jaago Re! to awaken youth to social
issues. The campaign was extended into 2008. In 2009, their campaign revolve
around the issue of corruption with a new adline 'Ab Se Khilana Bandh, Pilana
Shuru'.

The international trade union IUF criticized the company in 2009 for not allowing
statutory maternity leave to pregnant tea pluckers, and for locking out 1,000
workers on the Nowera Nuddy Tea Estate in West Bengal for so long that the
local government began distributing food coupons for emergency rations to
workers and their families. In May 2010, a crop sprayer died of suspected
poisoning on a Tata estate in Assam, leading to protests at which two more
workers were shot dead by riot police.

2010 to 2019

On 30 January 2012, Tata Consumer Products Limited and Starbucks

announced the creation of a 50:50 joint venture called Tata Starbucks Limited,
which will own and operate Starbucks outlets branded as Starbucks Coffee "A
Tata Alliance" in India. The stores started operating in 2012, launching initially in
Delhi and Mumbai. The coffee shops source coffee beans from Tata Coffee, a
subsidiary company of Tata Consumer Products Limited.

2019 to present
On May 15, 2019, Tata Chemicals Limited (TCL) announced the de-merger of the
Consumer Products Business of TCL and into TGBL through a National
Company Law Tribunal (“NCLT”) approved scheme of arrangement (“Scheme”)
to become Tata Consumer.In the beverages business, Tata Consumer brands
include Tata Tea, Tetley, Vitax, Eight O’Clock Coffee, Himalayan Natural Mineral
Water, Grand Coffee and Joekels. In the food segment, the brands include Tata
Salt and Tata Sampann.

Tata Global Beverages Limited (TGBL) and Tata Chemicals Limited (TCL)
announced that the Scheme of Arrangement between TGBL and TCL regarding
the Consumer Products Business of TCL is now operational, effective from 7
February 2020. Following this, TGBL has been renamed Tata Consumer
Products Limited. Tata Consumer Products combines the food and beverages
brands, which include Tata Salt, Tata Tea, Tata Sampann, Tetley, Soulfull[25] and
Himalayan mineral water, under a single umbrella.

Tata Consumer Products acquired complete control of Tata SmartFoodz Limited

from Tata Industries Limited for ₹395 crore (US$49 million) on 12 November
2021.

On 1 May 2022, Tata Consumer Products announced that Tata Coffee would
merge with itself as part of a reorganization plan. The company stated that the
merger was expected to be completed in late 2023, with shareholders of Tata
Coffee receiving 3 shares in Tata Consumer Products for every 10 shares of Tata
Coffee.[28] In July 2022, Tata Consumer Products launched premuim honey
products and flavoured preserves, under the company's Himalayan brand name.
[29] Also in July 2022, the company launched plant-based meat products under
the brand name, Tata Simply Better.

Operations

The company was renamed as Tata Global Beverages (now Tata Consumer
Products Limited) to include the range of health and nutritional beverages it
wants to enter into. Via subsidiary companies, Tata Consumer Products Limited
manufactures 7 crore kilograms of tea in India, controls 54 tea estates, ten tea
blending and packaging factories and employs around 59,000 people.[31] The
company owns 51 tea estates in India and Sri Lanka, especially in Assam, West
Bengal in eastern India and Kerala in the south. The company is the largest
manufacturer of Assam tea and Darjeeling tea and the second-largest
manufacturer of Ceylon tea.

Set up in 1964 as a joint venture with UK based James Finlay and Company to
develop value-added tea, Tata Consumer Products Limited has now product and
brand presence in 50 countries. It is one of India's first multinational companies.
The operations of Tata Consumer Products Limited and its subsidiaries focus on
branded product offerings in tea, but with a significant presence in plantation
activity in India and Sri Lanka.

The consolidated worldwide branded tea business of Tata Consumer Products

Limited contributes to around 86% of its consolidated turnover with the remaining
14 per cent coming from bulk tea, coffee and investment income. With an area of
approximately 159 square kilometres (61 sq mi) under tea cultivation, Tata
Consumer Products Limited produces around 30 million kg of black tea annually.
[citation needed] Instant tea is used for light density 100% teas, iced tea mixes
and in the preparation of ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages.

Tata Consumer Products Limited owns five brands in India: Tata Tea, Tetley,
Kannan Devan, Chakra Gold, and Gemini. The company has a 100% export-
oriented unit (KOSHER and HACCP certified) manufacturing instant tea in
Munnar, Kerala, which is the largest such facility outside United States. Tata
Consumer Products Limited has subsidiaries in Australia, Great Britain, The
United States of America, Czechia and India.
4 FINDING AND SUGEETION
 FINDINGS
The Tata Group of Companies is a multinational conglomerate with operations in
various industries such as steel, automotive, hospitality, information technology, and
more. Here are some of the key findings of Tata Business:

Diverse business portfolio: The Tata Group has a diverse portfolio of businesses, which
allows them to mitigate risks and adapt to changing market conditions. The group's
businesses range from automotive and steel to hospitality and information technology.

Strong focus on innovation: The Tata Group places a strong emphasis on research and
development to stay competitive in the global market. They invest heavily in building a
team of experts and acquiring necessary equipment and infrastructure to conduct
extensive research, experimentation, and analysis.
Commitment to sustainability: The Tata Group is committed to sustainability and has
implemented various initiatives to reduce their carbon footprint and promote
environmentally-friendly practices. They strive to develop environmentally-friendly
products and processes and find solutions to societal challenges such as access to
clean water and healthcare.

Strong corporate social responsibility: The Tata Group has a strong corporate social
responsibility (CSR) program, which includes initiatives such as education, health, rural
development, and disaster relief. They have established several foundations and trusts
to support these initiatives.

Global presence: The Tata Group has a global presence, with operations in over 100
countries. They have established partnerships with leading companies and institutions
worldwide to access external expertise and resources.

Overall, the Tata Group of Companies has a strong reputation for excellence,
innovation, and social responsibility. Their diverse portfolio, focus on sustainability, and
commitment to innovation and CSR have helped them maintain their competitive edge
and continue to grow and expand globally.

SUGGETION

Here are some suggestions for the Tata Group of Companies to continue to grow and
succeed in the global market:

Focus on digital transformation: In today's digital age, it is important for companies to

leverage technology to improve their operations, enhance customer experience, and
stay competitive. The Tata Group should continue to invest in digital transformation
initiatives to streamline their processes, digitize their products and services, and
enhance their customer engagement.

Expand into new markets: While the Tata Group has a global presence, there are still
many untapped markets where they could expand their operations. The group should
consider expanding into emerging markets such as Africa and Latin America, where
there is significant potential for growth.

Strengthen partnerships and collaborations: The Tata Group should continue to build
strong partnerships and collaborations with leading companies and institutions
worldwide to access external expertise and resources. This will help them stay at the
forefront of their respective industries and leverage new opportunities.

Develop a more aggressive sustainability strategy: While the Tata Group has
implemented various initiatives to promote sustainability, they could develop a more
aggressive sustainability strategy to address the pressing environmental and societal
challenges of our time. This could involve investing more heavily in clean energy,
circular economy, and other environmentally-friendly practices.

Emphasize talent development and retention: The Tata Group should place a strong
emphasis on talent development and retention to ensure that they have a strong team
of experts to drive innovation and growth. This could involve investing in training and
development programs, mentorship initiatives, and other talent retention strategies.

Overall, the Tata Group of Companies has a strong foundation for success, but they
should continue to evolve and adapt to stay competitive in the global market. By
focusing on digital transformation, market expansion, partnerships, sustainability, and
talent development, they can continue to grow and achieve their mission of improving
the quality of life of the communities they serve globally.
5 CHAPTER CONCLUSION

Conclusion
In conclusion, a historical study of the Tata Company provides valuable insights into the
evolution of business practices in India and the role of business in social and economic
development. The company's founder, Jamsetji Tata, was motivated by a vision of using
business as a means to uplift Indian society and promote economic development. The
Tata Group has played a significant role in shaping the Indian economy, with early
ventures in textiles and steel and later diversification into new industries such as
airlines, automobiles, and IT services.

The company has also been involved in social and environmental initiatives, including
efforts to promote education, healthcare, and sustainability. The Tata Group has faced
challenges and opportunities, including the impact of globalization, emerging
technologies, and the changing business landscape. However, the company has
continued to adapt and innovate, and its long-standing reputation for integrity,
innovation, and social responsibility has made it one of the most respected and
successful business conglomerates in India and around the world. Overall, a historical
study of the Tata Company is a fascinating exploration of the interplay between
business, society, and economic development.
 Bibliography

1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Group

2) https://www.britannica.com

3) https://www.tata.com

4)https://www.theceo.in