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Worker motivation must view from two perspectives:

1. nner drives
2. Outer (external) motivators
A person's inner drives push and propel him/her towards an employer, a particular job, career, line of
study, or other activity.
The outer (external) motivators are the mirror image the employer or outside world offers in response to
the inner drives.
Most workers need to:
1. Earn wages that will enable them to pay for basic necessities and additional luxuries such
as the purchase of a home, or travel
2. Save for and enjoy old age security benefits
3. Have medical and other insurance coverage
4. Acquire friends at work
5. Win recognition
6. Be acknowledged and rewarded for special efforts and contributions
7. Be able to advance in life and career-wise
8. Have opportunities for self-development
9. mprove their skills, knowledge, and know-how
10. Demonstrate and use special gifts and abilities
11. Realize their ideal(s).
The employer responds to those needs by offering and providing:
1. Employment
2. Adequate pay
3. Assistance to workers for their special needs (such as child care arrangements,
transportation, flexible work schedules)
4. Job security (to the degree possible)
5. Clear company policies
6. Clear and organized work procedures
7. A stable, just and fair work environment
8. A safe work environment
9. Medical coverage and other benefits
10. An atmosphere of teamwork and cooperation
11. Social activities
12. Reward and recognition programs
13. ncentive programs
14. Open lines of communication (formal and informal)
15. Systematic feedback
16. Training and development programs
17. Opportunities for promotion
18. Company/ business information
19. nformation on customer feedback
20. Sharing of company goals and objectives
21. nformation on the market situation and industry
22. Future expectations
23. Plans for the future
24. Guidance and mentoring.
t is important that the employer discover other extraordinary needs applicants have before hiring them
and know beforehand whether he/she can satisfy those needs or not. An employee may have:
O Family responsibilities and be unable to work shifts, overtime, or weekends
O Heavy financial responsibilities which he/she can meet only by working at two jobs,
leading to exhaustion, "sick leave", and deficient work performance
O A desperate financial need for additional overtime and weekend remuneration
O Premature expectations of swift promotions.
Some other needs the employer can expect, for which company policies should be planned accordingly:
O f the company is in a remote location, all employees will have a need for more social
activities
O Many single people look for dates and spouses at work
O Some women may not be ready to work late shifts unless the employer provides
transportation back home
O Some workers may have a problem with drug or alcohol abuse.
n addition to needs and drives, adult workers have expectations from their employer - they expect:
O A knowledgeable, experienced, expert employer
O Clear and fair policies, procedures, and employment practices
O Business integrity
O Clear job descriptions
O Two-way communications
O Effective management and supervision
O Positive discipline
O Good company repute
O Good customer relations
O Company survival
O Opportunities for personal growth
O Company growth
O A share in the company's success.
dult workers care beyond the salary - they care to know to whom they entrust their fate, reputation, and
security
Workers (especlally modern knowledge workers) cannoL be counLed on Lo pteJlctobly ooJ tellobly
change Lhelr behavlors or perform beLLer Lhrough Lhe use of exLrlnslc rewards 1he argumenLs go on Lo
sLaLe LhaL creaLlve workers wlll ln many cases acLually perform worse ln Lhe presence of exLrlnslc
lncenLlves and rewards
s work becomes more creaLlve moLlvaLlon becomes more lnLrlnslc and Lhe balance of lncenLlves
rewards and relnforces grows more complex