CCNA

Cisco Certified Network Associate

200 - 301

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 CCNA Versions

640 – 801 2003

640 - 802 2007

200 - 120 2013

200 - 125 2017

200 - 301 2020

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 Top Switching Solution Providers

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 Course Outlines [ 200 – 301 ]
1. Introduction to networking .
2. Network access .
3. IP Connectivity .
4. IP Services
5. Security Fundamentals
6. Automation and programmability.

Cisco Packet Tracer

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 Cisco Career Certifications

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 Cisco Career Certifications

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 Cisco Career Certifications

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 Course Introduction

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 Communicating over the
Network

Network Fundamentals

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 Objectives
1. Communication model
2. Network definition.
3. Network components.
4. Network topologies.
5. Network types .
6. Network reference models.
7. Protocol concept.
8. Encapsulation and PDU.
9. Network addressing.

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 Network definition

Network Fundamentals

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 1- Elements of Communication

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 Network definition
• Network:
Group of components or devices which are connected together to give
the user a certain service (application).

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 Importance of Networks

Data network is a result of business need.

–Easy access and sharing of information

–Sharing of expensive devices and network
resources
–Modern Technologies (IP telephony, Video
Conferencing, ….etc)

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 Network components
• Network has three main components

 End devices (servers and hosts)

- Source of applications (network aware applications)

 Network Devices
- Devices that interconnect different computers together
- ex: Repeaters, hub, bridge, switch, router, NIC and modems

 Connectivity
- Media that physically connect the computers and network devices
- ex: Wireless and cables

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 End devices

 End devices:
Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers, web servers)
Network printers
VoIP phones
Security cameras
Mobile handheld devices (such as wireless barcode scanners, PDAs)
 End devices are referred to as hosts.
 A host device is either the source or destination of a message.
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 Intermediary Devices

switch switch
or hub or hub
routers

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 Intermediary Devices

 Intermediary devices:
Provide connectivity to the network (switches/hubs)
Connect individual networks (routers)
 Examples:
Network Access Devices (Hubs, switches, and wireless access points)
Internetworking Devices (routers)
Security Devices (firewalls)

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 Network Media
 Network media: The medium provides the channel over which the message travels
from source to destination.
Metallic wires - encoding into patterns of electrical impulses.
Fiber optics – encoding into pulses of light (infrared or visible light ranges)
Wireless – encoding patterns of electromagnetic waves.

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 Network topologies

Network Fundamentals

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 4- Network Topologies
• Topology: How devices are connected together
 Physical Topology: It describes how devices are physically cabled
 Logical Topology: It describes how devices communicate across
physical topology

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 Bus Topology

In case of Bus topology, all devices share single communication line or cable . Bus
topology may have problem while multiple hosts sending data at the same time.
Therefore, Bus topology either uses CSMA/CD (Carrier sense Multicast collision
detection) technology or recognizes one host as Bus Master to solve the issue. It is
one of the simple forms of networking where a failure of a device does not affect the
other devices. But failure of the shared communication line can make all other devices
stop functioning.
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 Ring Topology

In ring topology, each host machine connects to exactly two other machines,
creating a circular network structure.
When one host tries to communicate or send message to a host which is not
adjacent to it, the data travels through all intermediate hosts.
To connect one more host in the existing structure, the administrator may need
only one more extra cable.

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 Mesh Topology

In this type of topology, a host is connected to one or multiple hosts .

This topology has hosts in point-to-point connection with every other host or
may also have hosts which are in point-to-point connection to few hosts only.

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 Star Topology

All hosts in Star topology are connected to a central device,

known as hub device, using a point-to-point connection. That is,
there exists a point to point connection between hosts and hub.

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 Hybrid Topology

A network structure whose design contains more than one topology is said to
be hybrid topology. Hybrid topology inherits merits and demerits of all the
incorporating topologies..

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 Network types

Network Fundamentals

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 5- Network Types

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

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 5- Network Types

Enterprise network.

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 5- Network Types

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 5- Network Types
• LAN (Local Area Network):
 It is a group of network components that work within small area.
 It characterized by high data speeds (up to 10Gbps) using:
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, GigaEthernet,10Gigabit Ethernet
and ATM.

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 5- Network Types
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):
 It is a group of LANs that are interconnected within small area.
 It characterized by very high data speeds (up to 40Gbps) using:
Metro Ethernet, ATM over SONET and SDH.

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 5- Network Types
• WAN (Wide Area Network):
 It is a group of LANs that are interconnected within large area
 It characterized by slow data speeds (up to 155Mbps & 622Mbps
using:
analog dial-up, digital dial-up (ISDN), leased lines, X.25, DSL,
Frame-Relay & ATM.

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 5- Network Types
• WLANs - Wireless Local Area Networks
 provide wireless network communication over short distances
using radio or infrared signals instead of traditional network cabling
 . WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks) is one in which a mobile
user can connect to a local area network (LAN) through a wireless
(radio) connection

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 5- Network Types
• Storage Area Network (SAN)
 is a type of local area network (LAN) is a high-speed special-
purpose network. A SAN typically supports data storage, retrieval
and replication on business networks using high-end servers,
multiple disk arrays and Fiber Channel interconnection technology.

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 5- Network Types
•Campus Area Network (CAN)
 is a computer network interconnecting a few local area networks
(LANs) within a university campus or corporate campus Network .
Campus area network may link a variety of campus buildings .A
campus area network is larger than a local area network but smaller
than a metropolitan area network (MAN) or wide area network
(WAN). CAN can also stand for corporate area network.

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 5- Network Types
• Personal Area Network (PAN)
 A personal area network is a computer network organized around
an individual person.
Personal area networks typically involve a mobile
computer,Personal area networks can be constructed with
cables or wireless.Personal area networks generally cover
a Network range of less than 10 meters (about 30 feet).

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Local Area Network (LAN)

 Local Area Network (LAN)

An individual network usually spans a single geographical area, providing
services and applications to people within a common organizational
structure, such as a single business, campus or region.

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 Network Types
 Define Wide Area Networks (WANs)
- LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a
network known as a Wide Area Network (WAN)
- LAN + Router = WAN
Cairo site Alex site

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 Introduction

LAN

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Local Area Network (LAN)

 PC (NIC Card ) (Network interface card)

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 Local Area Network (LAN)

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 Local Area Network (LAN)
Port types

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 Cable Specifications
 Networking media are considered Layer 1, or physical
layer, components of LANs.
 Each media has advantages and disadvantages. Some
of the advantage or disadvantage comparisons
concern:
–Cable length
–Cost
–Ease of installation
–Susceptibility to interference

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(LAN Cables)

- Bit : Speed indicator

- Byte : storage indicator
- 8 bits = 1 byte
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(LAN Cables)
- Coaxial
Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable specially built with a
metal shield and other components
It used by telephone companies to connect central offices to
telephone poles near customers
10 Mbps 10 Base 2 20 mm

Signal distance (185 m)

10 Mbps 10 Base 50 50 mm

Signal distance (500 m)

Cannot connect to switch without converter

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(LAN Cables)
- Coaxial

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(LAN Cables)

- UTP ( Un-shielded twisted pair )

- Used for connections within short range.
- The name just implies UTP cable has no protective coating and no
shielding.
- There is an insulating material that enrobes each of the eight (or
relevant strand count) copper wires contained within the cable.
- . The categories of UTP have been developed from Category 1 to
Category 7.
- . In recent years, Category 5, 6 and 7 become increasing popular
for some new emerging applications. Among them, Category 5 is
of popularity due to its widely supporting operations and
reasonable price.

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(LAN Cables)

- UTP ( Un-shielded twisted pair ) Signal distance (100 m)

10 Mbps 10 Base T CAT 5

100 Mbps 100 Base T CAT 5E

1000 Mbps 1000 Base T CAT 6

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(LAN Cables)

- UTP ( Un-shielded twisted pair )

End points (RJ)

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(LAN Cables)
- UTP Types

Different devices Same devices Console Cable

PC & Router (same device )
Switch & Hub (same device )
Straight arrange rule : W OR OR WGB WBG WB W
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(LAN Cables)
- UTP Types

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(LAN Cables)
- STP ( Shielded Twisted pair )

- In most occasions, the twisted pair is enclosed in a shield that

functions as a ground.
- In an STP cable, cable pairs are shielded by a metallic substance,
and then all four pairs (eight-strand cable) are wrapped in yet
another metallic protector.

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 8.3.3 UTP

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 Straight-Through or Crossover cables
DTE DCE

switch
Cross PC Cross
cable hub cable
router

straight
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 8.3.6 Fiber media.

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 8.3.6 Fiber media.

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 8.3.6 Fiber media.

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 8.3.6 Fiber media.

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 8.3.6 Fiber media.

Gigabit Ethernet Interface Converter (GBIC): The original form factor

for a removable transceiver for Gigabit interfaces; larger than SFPs

Small Form Pluggable (SFP): The replacement for GBICs, used on

Gigabit interfaces, with
a smaller size, taking less space on the side of the networking card or
switch.

Small Form Pluggable Plus (SFP+): Same size as the SFP, but used
on 10-Gbps interfaces.

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 8.3.6 Fiber media.

Gigabit Ethernet Interface Converter (GBIC)

It converts electric signals to serial optic signals and the other way around. It
connects to both Fiber Channel and Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) optical fiber cables

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 8.3.6 Fiber media.

Small Form Pluggable (SFP)

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 8.3.6 Fiber media.

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 Network applications

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 Network applications

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 Small Office/Home Office (SOHO)

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 Small Office/Home Office (SOHO)
Enterprise

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 Network Types
 Describe network representations

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 Course Instructor

(Eng . Sherif Khalil )

01014746164

Facebook.com/EngSherifKhalil

Youtube.com/SherifKhalil

instagram.com/sherifkhalil91/
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