Faculty Of Engineering and Technology

Department of Computer Science

Course: Introduction to IT
Course Code : CS- 104
(Lecture-8)

Lecturer: Nazir Ahmad Qayoom

Department: Computer Science
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: +93(0) 706338869
 CONTENTS

• SIMM

• DIMM

• Expansion Slot

• Expansion Card

• Secondary Storage

2
 OUTCOMES

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to;

• SIMM

• DIMM

• Expansion Slot

• Expansion Card

• Secondary Storage

3
 SIMM & DIMM

• DIMM & SIMM are computer memory expansion holders that connect main memory
modules to printed circuit boards (PCBs).

• SIMM stands for (Single In-line Memory Module).

• DIMM stands for (Dual In-Line Memory Module).

• They are small circuit board that holds memory chips.

 SIMM & DIMM

• SIMM has a 32-bit data path in order to transfer data.

• SIMM consumes 3.3 volts of power.
•
 SIMM & DIMM

• DIMM is a module that comes in the replacement of SIMM.

• DIMM stands for (Dual In-Line Memory Module).

• DIMM has a 62-bit data path in order to transfer data.

• DIMM consumes 5 volts of power.
SIMM & DIMM
 Expansion Slot

• It is also called the Expansion port.

• It is a connection or port on the motherboard, which provides an

installation point to connect a hardware expansion card.

• For example, you can purchase a video expansion card and install it into
the expansion slot and then can install a new video card in the computer.
Expansion Slot
 Expansion Slot

• Some of the common expansion slots in a computer are AGP, PCI, etc.

• PCI Slot: It stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect slot. It allows you to
connect the PCI devices like modems, network hardware, sound, and video cards.

• AGP Slot: It stands for Accelerated Graphics Port. It provides the slot to connect
graphics cards.
 Expansion Card

• In computing, an expansion card (also called an expansion board, adapter card,

peripheral card or accessory card) is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an
or expansion slot on a computer's motherboard to add functionality to a computer
system.
 Expansion Card

• Some familiar expansion cards are :

• Graphics card
• Sound card
• Network Interface Card (NIC)
• TV Tuner Card
• FM Tuner Card
• Modem Card
• Interface Card
 Port & Connectors

• Port is a slot or place which allows a device to physically connect to a computer.

 Connectors

• The part of a cable that plugs into a port to connect one device to another.
 Storage Devices

• The purpose of a storage device is to hold data – even when the computer is turn off–
so the data can be used whenever it is needed.

• The hardware components on which data is stored are called storage device.

• The two main categories of storage technology used today are Magnetic storage and
Optical storage.
 Storage Devices

• Magnetic Storage:

• Magnetic Tape

• The best example is tape cassette.

• A magnetically coated strip of plastic on which data can be encoded.
• Tapes for computers are similar to tapes used to store music.
• Tape is much less expensive than other storage mediums but commonly a
much slower solution that is commonly used for backup.
 Storage Devices

• Magnetic Storage:

• Floppy disk

• A floppy disk is a type of storage media that reads data storage

information, also known as a floppy diskette, floppy, or floppy disk that is
used to store electronic data, like a computer file.
• It was extremely expensive as it was one of the first types of hardware
storage created in 1967 by IBM.
 Storage Devices

• Magnetic Storage:

• Floppy Disk

• When it was first invented, users were unable to write data to them, like
CD-ROM, and it was 8 inches in diameter.
• This disk was only able to store 80KB of data, but later versions became
capable of storing as much as 800KB. The floppy disks were replaced by
the devices like USB.
 Storage Devices

• Magnetic Storage:

• Hard Disk
• A hard disk is also known as a hard drive or fixed disk.
• It is located within a drive unit. Hard disk is a non-volatile storage device
that contains platters and magnetic disks rotating at high speeds. Non-
volatile means the data retains when the computer shuts down.
 Storage Devices

• Magnetic Storage:

1. Platter
2. Spindle Controls Motion
3. Reading and Writing Heads
4. Actuator
 Storage Devices

• Magnetic Storage:

Track:
• The number of tracks required depends on the type of disk. Most simple
disks have 80 tracks on each side of the disk. A modern hard disk may
have several hundred tracks on each side of each platter. Each track is a
separated circle. The tracks are numbered from the outermost to the
innermost, starting with 0, shown in figure.
 Storage Devices

• Magnetic Storage:

Track:
 Storage Devices
• Sector:

• A sector is the smallest unit, with which any magnetic disk drive can
work.
• If the computer needs to change just one byte out of 512, it must rewrite
the entire sector.
• There are equal number of sectors in the floppy but modern hard disk,
have more number of sectors at the outermost tracks.
 Storage Devices
• Sector:
• A sector is the smallest unit, with which any magnetic disk drive can
work.
 Storage Devices

• A computer’s Operating system can locate data on a disk because each track
and each sector are labeled, and the location of all data is kept in a special log
on the disk.
• The labeling of tracks and sectors is called logical formatting.
• Different OS can format disks in different manner, resulting in a different file
system-a logical method for managing the storage of data on a disk’s surface.
 Storage Devices

• Optical Storage

• An optical disk is an electronic data storage medium that can be written to and
read from using a low-powered laser beam.
• Most of today's optical disks are available in three formats: compact disks
(CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs) -- also referred to as digital video disks --
and Blu-ray disks, which provide the highest capacities and data transfer rates
of the three.
 Storage Devices

• Optical Storage
• How do optical disks work?
• Optical disks rely on a red or blue laser to record and read data.
 Storage Devices

• HDD (Hard Disk Drive)VS SSD (Solid State Drive)

• Both are the types of storage your computer uses.

• In SSD: it is solid drive, means no movement occurs while it functioning.

• HDD: it is moving while it functions.
• SSD are faster, more durable, and consume less energy.
Thank You…!