Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS-2022)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22OAB-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-0052-7

An IoT Based Automatic Waste Segregation and

Monitoring System
Yogalakshmi.S Jerrin Simla.A
Megalan Leo.L
Department of Electronics and Department of Computer Science and
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering Engineering
2022 Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS) | 978-1-6654-0052-7/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICAIS53314.2022.9742926

Communication Engineering
Sathyabama Institute of Science and Panimalar Institute of Technology
Sathyabama Institute of Science and
Technology Chennai,India
Technology
Chennai,India [email protected]
Chennai,India
[email protected]
[email protected] Sajiv. G
Sathish Kumar P Department of Electronics and
R.Thandaiah Prabu
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering,
Communication Engineering
Bharath Institute of Higher Education SIMATS,
Saveetha School of Engineering,
and Research Chennai,India
SIMATS,Chennai,India
Chennai,India [email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract— In recent years, one of the vital effects of a the hygienic environment. In this Application, wastes are
growing population is an environmental hazard. As the world's separated into dry waste and wet waste, degradable and Non-
population continues to rise, garbage is dumped at one place, degradable waste, Electronic waste, and medical waste. It
mixing degradable and non-degradable wastes. It spreads contributes to the development of a friendly atmosphere as
infestation and bad smell. In our daily life, the garbage bins well as the protection of a healthy, pollution-free climate.
being overloaded and the garbage is run over resulting in
pollution can be seen. In India, the total generated waste is Since the planet is being updated, one vexing issue faced
expected more than 1, 50,000 metric tons per day. People spill is “What a waste!”. In our daily lives, images of waste bins
waste along roadsides, and the people in charge of the model that are overflowing and releasing the waste outside can be
do not collect it regularly. This automated waste segregation seen. This increases the number of diseases spread by insects
bin is a project to make it more efficient, in line with our and mosquitoes. Solid waste management is a big issue in
Honorable Prime Minister's Swachh Bharath Scheme to make urban areas not only in India but in most countries around the
India clean and green. These rapid technological advancements world. Intelligent waste management is a concept that can
have resulted in a low initial cost. This application proposes deal with many harmful problems that plague society, such
IoT-based smart segregation and management which as pollution and infectious diseases. As a result, a system that
segregates wastes as degradable wastes and non-degradable can eliminate or at least mitigate this problem has been
wastes with the help of sensors like ultrasonic and color sensors
created.
and Servomotors, interfaced with Node MCU ESP8266. Node
MCU consists of a WIFI module along with the Arduino that The intelligent city concept is still new in India. It is a
can take place in an effectively closed manner. The entire waste tedious task because it depends on planning, implementing,
process, including level and separation, is monitored and and maintaining. The primary demand for an intelligent
controlled by configurable IO sensors, reducing open lifestyle starts with cleanliness. Smart dustbins may largely
degradation of organic waste and thus the growth of Micro- scrutinize the spread of many diseases by preventing garbage
Organisms. In the proposed system it divides the waste into dry accumulation along the roadside. It can avoid contamination
waste, wet waste, and e-waste by using the color sensor. Using and also prevent street animals from consuming the
ultrasound sensor used to detect the level of waste in the
distribution of garbage. At present, corporation collects the
garbage bin. When the bin is filled with 50% then alert
messages are sent to the corporation, and after reaching 90%
waste twice or three times a week. There are several tools
the alert message escalates to the next level. Existing methods available to manage waste, but the lack of knowledge on
are limited in terms of passing the message to the centralized collecting and maintaining is a major challenge. This
system and also failed in power management techniques. This recommends an intelligent means of surveillance and
application is an effective method for the waste management disposal.
and segregation process. Khan et all proposed IoT-based techniques to detect
waste management techniques. The authors intend to evolve
Keywords— Waste management system, IoT, Sensors, Node
MCU, Arduino Controller, Smart City, Waste segregation
a smart waste management system based on the perception
of sustainable, integrated waste management. The proposed
method also tracks the movement of vehicles [1].H. Jouhara
et all reviewed the available waste management systems for
I. INTRODUCTION households. Various waste utilization technique for the
individual householder is given in detail. The work aims to
A smart city is a difficult challenge that requires a variety identify the best available waste disposal systems for
of agencies, including power distribution, waste domestic use [2]. Prasun Choudhary et all develop a smart
management, traffic control, smart housing, and so on. The segregation system with the use of Ultrasonic sensors in
primary focus of this project is on waste separation systems public space. Ultrasound sensors on the containers are used
that will help to clean the polluted region. Waste separation to detect the waste level and equate it to the depth of the
and control systems are the important steps in waste trash contained [3]. Monika et all presented a study on E-
management that reduce manual Jobs and help to maintain waste management systems and impacts. The authors

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS-2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22OAB-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-0052-7

recommended educating the employees and common people MQ4 sensor If the bin reaches to threshold level send
about E-waste to prevent health problems [4]. Modupe Stella message to garbage management contractor or office in IoT
Ayilara et all proposed a technique where the microorganism technology or GSM based technology[15].
is used to decompose the waste efficiently. A comparison of
composting and conventional waste management techniques IoT supports a variety of applications and is used to
is given in detail. An effective compost mechanism is communicate effectively with the centralized system
implemented on a plant-derived anti-nematode, viricide, [16][17][18]. It is used in the manufacturing field, Medical
bactericide, and fungicide can be added to compost [5]. field, and battlefield. Also, It is used to detect the fire that
Ferronato et all published a review paper on the effect of occurred in companies and public places [19]. In the medical
mismanagement of environmental degradation. The review field application of IoT is pivotal [20].
mainly concentrates on the disposable techniques followed in Survey shows a need for an efficient technique that
low-income countries [6]. For example, the weight sensor as should detect degradable and non-degradable waste. Also,
proposed in [7] could be used to detect waste. In the dustbin, existing techniques are not informing the authorities while it
it gives the weight of the waste. It does not, however, reaches its maximum capacity. Escalation of informing the
provide details on the level of waste. This is a major issues to the higher authorities is also not available in the
disadvantage as the sensor threshold level is not crossed if existing methods. Power minimization and efficient
the waste in the bins is overflowing and the residues are less utilization is also major problem in the existing techniques.
weighty. As a consequence, even though the basket is Effective waste management can be produced by giving the
overflowing, the disposal process will not be started. solution for the existing issue.
Internet of things is an emerging field it simplifies the
monitoring jobs with the use of transducers and sensors. II. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Suresh et all presented the impact of the internet of things. It In this work, ultrasonic and color sensors are used for the
explains the basics of the Internet of things and the domain in detection of waste is used. The ultrasound sensor notes the
which the IoT can be used [8]. Aayush Doshi et all proposed waste poured into the container and thus prevents the
Smart Waste Management System INTERNET. In the work, container from overflowing. A Colour sensor is used to
they conveyed that City can be smarter, cleaner, and more detect the color of the bag in which automatically wastes are
efficient with the use of the Internet of things [9]. N. Sathish segregated as degradable wastes and non-degradable wastes
Kumar et all proposed the IOT-based alarm system with by the color sensor. A smoke sensor is used for the Garbage
Arduino UNO. An RFID reader is connected to the Arduino bin to check the level of odor and poisonous gas in the
to test the process. When an RFID tag interferes with an garbage bin.
RFID reader, the ultrasonic sensor checks the dustbin status
and sends it to the web server. This is a very complicated These sensors are connected to the Node MCU ESP8266
task that cannot be automated. Another disadvantage is the via jumper wires. The IoT framework is open source.
project's low cost-effectiveness. RFID readers can also earn Free/Libre/Open Source (FLOSS), a large number of useful
$200-$300, up to $750, depending on the work [10]. Ikram Software communities have grown, and everyone with a
Ud Din et all presented the review on the internet of things computer has access to such software. Internet of Things
and future challenges. IoT tremendously supports various (IoT) refers to a platform of interoperable protocols that
existing technologies [11]. contains smart space networks. The identities are physical
and virtual. ESP8266 and low-priced WIFI network wireless
The Internet of Things: Issues and Cutting-Edge Internet- sensor. The machine uses the IEEE 802.11n protocol.
Level Solutions Sensor Information Management. This paper
has given us information on the mobile analysis and sensor In the proposed system it divides the waste into dry
information management, which aids in the separation of waste, wet waste, and e-waste by using a color sensor. A
data from various dustbins [12]. Theodoros et all hardware model will be introduced, and clever bins will be
concentrated on the complex scheduling of IoT-enabled created in these central bins. Therefore, the waste bin has
small-town waste. It defined the dynamic scheduling needed been divided into three levels based on the volume of waste.
for dustbin cleaning, and the Top-k question led to the The amounts would then be indicated via SMS, which would
development of a dustbin prioritization GSM and be sent to the central office. The central office of the waste
RF(Zigbee) City Waste collection predictor. This paper management department will now track each waste bin filled
described the module required for data transmission on the in real-time when sitting in its office. These insights will now
project's recipient side as well as the main channel. Initially, efficiently steer them to dispatch trucks to empty the dustbin
GSM technology had been used in the project, but later the with significant levels. The hardware is used to create the
Wi-Fi module has been used to enable data transmission whole package at the lowest possible cost by using
[13]. In this work, the approximate period when the bin will electronics components. The designed hardware can be
be filled can be obtained with its current filled status and the mounted at the various size of a dustbin and is therefore
data will be sent to the person's email. Real-time and portable to any container. If the waste level exceeds the
forecasted data will be available [14]. A. M. Zafar et al authority-intimated threshold, the waste bin status is
proposed a GIS-based waste management system that uploaded into the cloud. This project is rather economic and
generates energy from the waste. Solid waste management resource optimization, but both Arduino and Wi-Fi-module
practices are used for sustainability. Waste management are part of the methodology used for this project.
systems are mostly systems control rather than device An ultrasound sensor is used to detect the level of waste
management. The presence of waste and waste in the waste in the garbage bin. When the bin is filled with 50% then alert
containers is only detected. In a smart bin using some kind of messages are sent to the ward member, and it will fill with
sensor like IR, Ultrasonic and MQ4sensor are used to 90% of the alert message sent to the government. The bin is
identify the bin is filled or not and odor of the bin by using

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS-2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22OAB-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-0052-7

continuously monitoring the level of garbage the status of the understood but also successfully imitated and maximized
garbage bin will be uploaded in the cloud if it's full means it nature's ability to gain an advantage overall in an attempt to
emulate how nature can gain an advantage overall.

E. COLOUR SENSOR
White light is a mixture of three basic colour known as
primary colors. It comes in three colors: red, blue, and green.
These colors have different wavelengths. At different
proportions, these color combinations contain different types
of colors. As white light strikes a surface, some wavelengths
of the light are absorbed, while others.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

An IOT based automatic waste segregation and
management system is used to communicate with the
centralized system about the garbage level. It uses colour and
ultrasonic sensors, as well as servo motors. The unit detects
Fig 1. Block Diagram of the proposed system and compares the volume of waste and depth of the waste
containers using ultrasound sensors placed on top of the
gives alert to Government Corporation. After the recycling
containers. If the waste level reaches the authority's
process is completed government organization gives
threshold, the status of the waste bin is uploaded to the cloud,
notification to the company, NGO, etc. It is the advantage to
and the data is used to monitor the waste bin in the area.
reduce environmental pollution and it increases the financial
Additional steps are taken by the authorities to clear the bin
support in government organizations. At present, automation
and avoid garbage overload. Colour sensor is used to detect
with the use of advanced technology leads to an intelligent
the colour of the bag in which manually segregated
device that reduces human interventions. The proposed
degradable wastes and non-degradable wastes. Two ways of
system is given in figure 1 and the components available in
segregation are performed in the work. When a Colour
each section are explained briefly.
sensor detects Blue Colour Bag, it opens the door where
Node MCU, Ultrasonic sensor, Colour sensor, Smoke degradable waste is available. When a Colour sensor detects
sensor, and Servo motor are the important hardware Black Colour Bag, it opens the door where non-degradable
components used in the proposed systems. Programming-C waste is available. Servo Motor is used to open the dustbin
is used to program the Arduino C. lids. Servo motor responds when the Colour sensor detects
the colour of the waste bag. Servo motor will also respond
A. Node MCU ESP8266 Smoke sensor which is used for the Garbage bin to check the
Node MCU is an open-source IoT based Apps firmware level of odor and poisonous gas in the garbage bin. These
and development board. It includes firmware on Express if sensors are linked by jumper wires to the Node MCU
Systems' ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC and hardware on the ESP-12 ESP8266. This Node MCU consists of both Arduino and
module. WIFI which is used to transfer data. The WIFI module of the
Node MCU will be connected to Hotspot which is used to
transfer the data into the Cloud. The Cloud is used to store all
B. Smoke sensor module the data and analysis data when the Garbage bill is filled and
Smoke sensors are available in a wide range of the UBIDOTS cloud is used to store the data of the Garbage
specifications, depending on the degree of sensitivity, gas bin It is an open-source IoT platform.
quality, physical measurements, and a variety of other
factors. This perspective is about a methane gas sensor that
can detect gases such as methane and ammonia. This picture
shows externals of the regular gas sensor module: a mesh of
steel, a copper tightening ring, and connecting lines.

C. Servomotor
A servomotor is a revolving actuator or engine that can
adjust angle, acceleration, and speed precisely. Certain
features, in particular, are lacking in a standard engine. It
employs a standard engine and a location feedback sensor.

D. Ultrasonic (UV) Sensors or Ultrasound Sensors

Bats are amazing creatures. It is blind to your eyes but
has such a detailed vision that it can tell the difference
between a moth and a broken leaf even while flying at full
height. The vision is undeniably clearer than ours, and it is
unfathomably beyond human comprehension. Ultrasound is
a tool used by bats and many other animal species in the Fig 2. Hardware of the proposed system
animal world for navigation. Humans have not only

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS-2022)
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Figure 2 shows the hardware setup of the work. It is the surroundings neat. and gas emission and keep the city
based on the IoT technology where the IoT is used to clean with a pollution-free environment.
connect the electronic components, sensors, and other
internet components. Data transfers between the different IV. CONCLUSION
components through the node MCU module. In figure 2, the
different components like the Ultrasonic sensor, and Colour In the proposed paper, a method of smart waste
sensor and other components are connected to the Node management and segregation using the Internet of Things
MCU ESP8266 module which consists of a WIFI module for (IoT) has been suggested. Many times, the garbage basket is
the transfer of data information to the cloud. A smoke sensor overflowing and a lot of animals like dogs, mice enter in or
is used to detect the odor smell of the garbage bin. near the wastebasket. This creates a bad environment. Even
some birds also try to remove garbage from the trash. This
Figure 3 is the graph of the Garbage levels of a dustbin project can avoid such situations. The smart basket helps us
on various dates. It maintains a record where day-to-day reduce pollution. In this system, a 24x7 monitoring system is
garbage levels and the activity report are available. It designed for monitoring dumpsters. Here a smart and
measures the levels and its odor smell with the help of an organized system is designed for selective clearing. Here a
ultrasonic and smoke sensor. color sensor is used, which identifies the degradable waste
Figure 4 shows the Result values: figure values are bag and biodegradable waste bag based on the color. The
captured by using the ultrasonic sensor. It informs the level servo motor is used to open the door of the dust bin when the
of the Garbage bin at various times and days. Values are waste is detected by the color sensor. An ultrasonic sensor is
stored in the BIDOTS Cloud continuously. used to measures the level of the bin. When the bin is filled
with 75% of garbage it sends an alert message. An alert
In figure 5, various dust pins placed at the different message is sent to higher authorities through SMS and
regions are shown and also the level of each dustbin value is Email. Message can be sent directly to the cleaning vehicle
displayed in percentile. The level of dust pin is obtained from instead of the contractor's office. A smoke sensor is used to
the cloud UBIDOTS. The location of the garbage bin where detect the odour smell of the dustbin. The application greatly
it is present is also displayed in the map view. It helps the aids in the development of a good atmosphere and the
garbage collector to drive the vehicles to reach the place as preservation of a safe, pollution-free environment in the
quickly as possible to collect the filled garbage bin. It also region. This project can be upgraded further by
informs the user about the loading and unloading of garbage. implementing by using Image processing into bulk waste and
A smoke sensor detects the odour and poisonous gas of the it is mainly used in the Segregation of waste by
dustbin. This is an Effective application that can be used for municipalities.
garbage disposal collection. It is greatly helpful to maintain

Fig 3. Garbage levels indicator graph

Fig 3. Garbage levels indicator graph

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS-2022)
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Fig 4 Cloud Data base

Fig 4 Cloud Data base

Fig 5. Map view of dust pins at different regions with the percentile value of waste

Fig 5. Map view of dust pins at different regions with the percentile value of waste

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS-2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22OAB-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-0052-7

Transactions on Sustainable Computing, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 275-289, 1

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