1. Temporary Selection of Research Problem * First step of aresearcher is to identify the areas of research or problem. Researcher should discuss the problem with his friends. colleagues, and experts in the field to understand the problem of study well. * Researcher should go through professional journals, Dissertations. Research reports etc to discover the unanswered questions. * The general topic selected is then converted into specific problems. # While selecting the research problem, necessary to avoid duplication of studies.Sources of Problem > Reading : When we study certain reports, certain questions may arise our mind. » Academic Experience : Research problems can be found out through discussion with colleagues, Class room discussions. > Daily Experience : We will get problems for research from our daily experience > Exposure to field situation : Field wok will help to trace out research problems. > Discussions ‘Discussions with experts, researches. administrators, and business executives. It will helps to identify new research problems.2. Initial Survey of Literature @ After the selection of problem, researcher has to go through relevant literature. @ Researcher should review 2 types of literature 1.The conceptual literature relating to the concepts and theories. 2. The Empirical literature consisting of studies made earlier which are similar to proposed for study. * Its objective is to bring out a frame of reference for the research. * It helps to develop an understanding of the basic facts, major issues, underlying theories relating to studies. * It helps to specify the research problems in a meaningful manner3. Selection of Research Problem After initial survey. researcher should select the problem. # It should rephrase into analytical terms. * The following points to be considered... 1. Subject should not be too wide and uncontrollable in nature. 2. Subject should not be too narrow. 3. The problem should suit to academic background, research knowledge. research talent and experience of the researcher. 4, Limitations such as time and availability of money also considered # After selecting problem, a brief summary should be written. it is known as “SYNOPSIS”4. Formulation of a Problem Next step is formulating the research problem. * It means, selected problem should be translated and transformed into a scientific research question. » Correct formulation of a research problem gives a sense of direction to the research. > It identifies the scope of the research » It point outs the limitations of the research. » It also explain the problem. » It establishes the major assumptions. > It states the context of the problem > It affords economy in research.5.Preparation of Research Design * The researcher will have to state the conceptual structure in which the research should be conducted. # Its Function is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of Effort, Time & Money. # It depends upon the purpose of research. * Types of Research Design 1. Exploratory Research 2. Descriptive Research 3. Diagnostic Research 4. Experimentation Research6. Collection of Data @ The Data can be collected in different ways — Primary & Secondary PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA * Definition ‘cata that is * Definition : data that has collected by researchers already been collected directly from main sources. through primary sources and * Sources : 1. Surveys made readily available. 2.Observations » Sources : 1. Books 3.€xperiments 2. Journals 4.Questionnaires 3. Articles 5.Focus groups 4. Web pages é.Interviews 5.Blogs 7. Consumer Clinic 6. Agencies7. Analusis of Data The analysis of data require a number of closely related operations. It includes establishment of categories Main stages includes in the operations are, 1. CODING: Coding is a way of indexing or categorizing the text 2. EDITING | review and adjustment of collected survey data 3. TABULATION : systematic & logical presentation of numeric data in rows. and columns, to facilitate comparison and statistical analysis ~ Researcher should classify the raw data into some purposeful and usable categories. Several methods available for analysis of data Researcher can choose appropriate methods suitable for research.8. Interpretation and Report Writing *@ The researcher is to state the result of research or conclusion derived from the study * The purpose of report writing is to communicate the problem studied, Design & Methodology used and Results arrived. # Report can be divided into different sections and chapters for systematic presentation of data. > Title. Data > Introduction > Bibliography Acknowledgment and > Review of Literature Forward. > Table of Content > Hypothesis > Appendices > Methodology > List of Tables, Graphs8& > Presentation of Charts resuts > Conclusions