3/11/24, 8:27 PM Working of Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors with Examples

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Difference Between Pull-up and Pull-dow

Resistors and Practical Examples
A microcontroller in any embedded system utilizes I/O signals to communicate with the
The simplest form of I/O is usually stated to as GPIO(General Purpose Input/Output)
voltage level is low, then it is in high or high impedance state, then the pull up and pull-d
used to ensure GPIO which is always in a valid state.Usually, the GPIO is arranged on a
I/O. As an input, the microcontroller pin can take one of these states: high, low an
impedance. When an i/p is driven above the i/p is high threshold, it is a logic one.Whe
below the I/P, which is low threshold, the input is logic 0. When in a floating or high imp
I/P level is not constantly high nor low. To ensure the values of an I/P is always in a kn
and pull-down resistors are used.The main function of pull-up and pull-down resistors
resistor pulls the signal to high state unless it is driven low; and, a pull-down resistor pull
state unless it is driven high.

Pull-up and Pull-down resistors

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3/11/24, 8:27 PM Working of Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors with Examples

What is a Resistor?
The Resistor is a most commonly used component in many electronic circuits and electr
main function of the resistor is, it restricts the flow of current to other components. The
the principle of ohms law which states that dissipation due to the resistance. The unit of
and the symbol of ohm shows resistance in a circuit. There are numerous resistor type
the market with different sizes and rating. They are Metal film resistors, thin film resis
resistors, wire wound resistors, network resistors, surface resistors, mount resistors, var
special resistors.

Resistor

Consider a two resistors in series connection, then the same current I flows through the
the direction of the current is indicated by an arrow.When the two resistors are in paralle
the potential drop V across the two resistors is the same.

Pull-up Resistors
Pull-up resistors are simple fixed value resistors, that are connected between the volta
particular pin. These resistors are used in digital logic circuits to ensure a logic level at a
in state wherein the input/output voltage is nonexistence driving signal. Digital logic circu
states like high, low and floating or high impedance. When the pin is not pulled to a low
level, then the high impedance state occurs. These resistors are used to solve the
microcontroller by pulling the value to a high state, as seen in the figure. When the s
microcontrollers input would be floating and brought down only when the switch is closed
resistor value is 4.7kilo Ohms, but can change depending on the application.

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3/11/24, 8:27 PM Working of Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors with Examples

Pull-up Resistor

NAND Gate Circuit using Pull Up Resistor

In this project, the pull-up resistor is wired up to a logic chip circuit. These circuits are t
test pull up resistors. Logic chip circuits work based on low or high signals. In this projec
is taken as an example of logic chip. The main function of the NAND gate is, when any
gate input is low, then the output signal is high. In the same way, when the inputs of th
high, then the output signal is low.

The required components for AND gate circuit using pull-down resistors are NAND gate c
Ohm resistors-2, Pushbuttons-2, 330ohm resistor and LED.

Each NAND gate consists of two I/P and one O/P pin.

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3/11/24, 8:27 PM Working of Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors with Examples

Two push buttons are used as an inputs to the AND gate.

The pull-up resistor value is 10 kilo Ohm and the remaining components are 330 Ohm
The 330 Ohm resistor is connected in series to limit the current to the LED

The circuit diagram of the NAND gate using 2-pull-down resistors at the i/ps to the NA
below.

NAND Gate Circuit using Pull -up Resistor

In this circuit, to give power to the chip it is fed with 5V. So, +5V is given to the pin 1
connected to the ground. Pull-up resistors are connected to the NAND gate inputs. A
connected to the first input of the NAND gate and positive voltage. A push button is co
When the push button is not pressed, the NAND gate input is high. When a push butto
NAND gate input is low. For the NAND gate, both I/Ps must be low to get an output high
the owl circuit, you must press down on both buttons. This shows the great usefulness of

Pull-Down Resistors
As pull up resistors, Pull-down resistors also works in the same way. But, they pull the p
Pull-down resistors are connected between a particular pin on a microcontroller and the
An example of a pull down resistor is a digital circuit shown in the figure below. A sw
between the VCC and the microcontroller pin. When the switch is closed in the circui
microcontroller is logic 1,but when the switch is open in a circuit, the pull down resistor pu
voltage to the ground (logic 0 or logic low value). The pull down resistor should have a
than the impedance of the logic circuit.

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3/11/24, 8:27 PM Working of Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors with Examples

Pull-down Resistor

And Gate Circuit using Pull Down Resistor

In this project, the pull-down resistor is wired up to a logic chip circuit. These circuits are
test pull-down resistors. The Logic chip circuits work based on the low or high signals. In
gate is taken as an example of the logic chip.The main function of the AND gate is, when
AND gate are high, then the output signal is high. In the same way when the inputs of
low, then the output signal is low.

The required components for AND gate circuit using a pull-down resistors are AND ga
10Kilo Ohm resistors-2, Push buttons-2, 330 Ohm resistor and LED.

Each AND gate consists of two I/P and one O/P

Two push buttons are used as an inputs to the AND gate.
The pull-down resistor value is 10 kilo Ohm and the remaining components are 330 Oh
LED. The 330 Ohm resistor is connected in series to limit the current to the LED.

The circuit diagram of the AND gate using 2-pull down resistors at the i/ps to the AND gat

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3/11/24, 8:27 PM Working of Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors with Examples

And Gate Circuit using Pull Down Resistor

In this circuit, to give power to the chip, it is fed with 5V. So, +5V is given to pin 14 and pi
the ground. The Pull-down resistors are connected to the AND gate inputs. One pul
connected to the first input of the AND gate.The pushbutton is connected to the positive
a pull-down resistor is connected to GND. If the push button is not pressed, AND gate i
the push button is pressed, AND gate input will be high.For AND gate, both I/Ps must
output high. In order to work the owl circuit, you must press down both the buttons.Thi
usefulness of pull-down resistors.

Applications of Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors

Pull-up and pull-down resistors are frequently used in interfacing devices like interf
microcontroller.
Most of the microcontrollers have inbuilt programmable pull up/pull down resistors
switch with a microcontroller directly is possible.
In general, pull up resistors are often used than pull down resistors, although som
families have both pull-up and pull-down resistors.
These resistors are often used in A/D converters to provide a controlled flow of curre
sensor
Pull-up and pull-down resistors are used in I2C protocol bus, wherein the pull-up res
allow a single pin to act as an I/P or O/P.
When it is not connected to a I2C protocol bus, the pin floats in a high impedance
resistors are also used for outputs to afford a known O/P

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3/11/24, 8:27 PM Working of Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors with Examples

Therefore, this is all about the working and the difference between pull-up and pull-do
practical example.We believe that you have got a better idea about this concept.Fur
queries regarding this article or Electronics projects, you can contact us by commentin
section below.
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