Unit 4: Predicates

The predicate indicates what the subject does, what happened to the subject, or what is said
about the subject. The predicate must include a verb, a word or group of words that expresses action
or state of being (for example, run, invent, build, become, make, grow, and appear).
-Sok swam sixty laps. (predicate)
-The thunderstorm replenished the reservoir. (predicate)
-Mr. Vanmolyvan designed the Independence Monument. (predicate)
Sometimes the verb consists of only one word, as in the previous examples. Often, however, the
main verb is accompanied by helping verbs (see page 1).
-By the end of the week, I will have worked for twenty-five hours.
helping verbs main verb

Predicate

-Sok was swimming in the sea. helping verb main verb predicate
helping verbs main verb

Predicate

KINDS OF PREDICATES
I. Simple Predicates
The simple predicate is the main verb or the main verb plus its helping verbs (together known as the
verb phrase). It does not include any modifiers.
-The proctor hastily collected the blue books. simple predicate (verb phrase)
Simple predicate (verb phrase)

-The moderator had introduced the next speaker.

helping verbs main verb

Simple predicate (verb phrase)

-I will be waiting for you tomorrow morning at about 7 o’clock.

helping verbs main verb

Simple predicate (verb phrase)

II. Complete Predicates

The complete predicate consists of the simple predicate, its modifiers, and any complements (words
that complete the meaning of the verb; see page 23). In general, the complete predicate includes
everything in the sentence except the subject.
-Bill decided to change the name of his band.
Simple predicate (verb phrase)

Complete Predicate
 -My cousin sister can sing better than any other singer can.
Simple predicate (verb phrase)

Complete Predicate

III. Compound Predicates

Some sentences have two or more predicates joined with a coordinating conjunction
(specifically and, but, or, or nor). Those predicates together form a compound predicate.
-Nita unlocked her bicycle and rode away compound predicate

Compound Predicate

-The supermarket owner will convey his customers and order the specialized food they desire.

Compound Predicate

PRACTICE
I. Underline the simple predicate in each of the following sentences.
1. I come from Kampot province.
2. I was born on April 22, 1982.
3. I have 5 sisters and 4 brothers.
4. My parents are farmers.
5. They are living together happily.
6. Three of my sisters sell meat in the Kampot market.
7. Another is working in Jayavaraman Hospital in Siem Reap province.
8. My fifth oldest sister is living in California, America.
9. Three of my brothers work for the government as police officers.
10. Another is a mechanic.
II. Underline the simple predicate (s) and circle the simple subject (s) in each of the following
sentences.
1. A flock of geese flew over the park on its way south for the winter.
2. The campground for physically challenged children is funded by the Rotary Club.
3. Forty doctors had attended the seminar about mal - practice insurance.
4. Sullivan Beach will not reopen because of pollution.
5. Greenpeace is an environmental organization.
6. Some undergraduate students have been using empty classrooms for group study.
7. A police officer, with the shoplifter in handcuffs, entered the police station.
8. The newly elected senator walked up to the podium.
9. Our course is interesting.
10. We wanted freedom.
III. Recognizing the complete predicates: Underline the complete predicates in sentences below.
1. I am going to the shop soon.
2. I am going to buy some bread.
3. Patients have to take this medicine three times a day.
4. An old - fashioned spinning wheel sat in the corner of the room.
5. The party will be either luncheon or a dinner.
6. This cheese tastes moldy.
7. We appointed Mony our representative.
8. My friend loaned me a typewriter.
9. The delivery person handed Nimol the large brown package.
10. The chairperson appointed Lola our manager.
IV. Recognizing the compound predicates: Underline the compound predicates in each of the
following sentences.
1. I always sobbed and screamed when I was a boy.
2. My mother always scolded me and hit me with a branch of a guava tree when I was a boy because I
was so hardheaded.
3. The boy ran to the store and rushed home with ice cream.
4. Talented dancers and experienced musicians performed and received much applause at the open -
air - show.
5. The babies kicked their feet and gurgled at each other.
6. The talented circus troupe balanced on high wires and swung from trapezes.
7. She stared at the problem and speculated on its answer.
8. The duck waddled down the bank, splashed into the water, and paddled for careers.
9. I arrived early, waited for hours, and got a ticket finally.
10. She received the nomination, campaigned hard, and won.

The End of Unit 4!

 Unit 5: Complements
Some sentences are complete with just a subject and a verb or with a subject, a verb and
modifiers. The meaning of many sentences, however, depends on additional words called
complements to finish the idea begun by the subject and verb.
A complement is a word (or words) that completes the meaning of a subject or object. There are
four kinds of complements: direct object and indirect object; which follow transitive verbs; object
complement, which follows direct objects; and subject complement, which follows linking verbs.
-A computer helps people with both work and study. (complement)
-Ruth declared John a justice judge. (complement)
I. Direct Objects (DO)
Direct objects, the most common kind of the four types of complements, complete the meaning of
action verbs by telling who or what receives the action. A direct object is a noun, pronoun, or group of
words acting as a noun that receives the action of a transitive verb. A direct object answers the question
What? or Whom?
-The pharmacist helped us. [The pharmacist helped whom?]
Transitive Verb DO

-Jillian borrowed a bicycle and a visor.

Transitive Verb DO DO

II. Indirect Objects (IO)

Indirect objects are found in sentences with direct objects. Indirect objects are common with such verbs
as ask, bring, buy, give, grant, lend, make, order, promise, save, send, show, teach, tell, and write.
- The oil deliveryman gave me the bill. transitive verb indirect object direct object
Transitive Verb IO DO

- Malin Sana writes his sister a letter every month. transitive verb indirect object direct object
Transitive Verb IO DO

III. Objective Complements (OC)

An objective complement completes the meaning of the direct object in a sentence. It generally
modifies or renames the direct object and comes after a direct object. Objective complements appear
with the verbs like appoint, call, choose, consider, declare, elect, find, judge, label, make, name, select,
or think.
An objective complement is a noun or an adjective that modifies or renames the direct object.
-The judge found the defendant innocent of the charges. Innocent modifies the direct object, defendant.
DO OC

-We appointed Vanna the class monitor last week. Class monitor renames the direct object, Vanna.
DO OC
Notes:

To determine whether a word is an objective complement, say the verb and direct object, and
then ask What?
Like other sentence parts, objective complements can be compound.

-The professor called the student brilliant and witty.

DO
Compound Objective Complement

-My father has named me Sambath and Malin.

DO
Compound Objective Complement

IV. Subject Complements (SC)

Direct objects, indirect objects, and objective complements appear with action verbs. Subject
complements appear with linking verbs. A subject complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective that
appears with a linking verb and tells something about the subject of the sentence. There are two kinds
of subject complements:
-Predicate nominatives / Predicate nouns
-Predicate adjectives
A. Predicate Nominatives / Predicate Nouns (PN)
A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that appears with a linking verb and renames, identifies,
or explains the subject of a sentence.
The subject and the predicate nominative refer to the same person, place, or thing.
-Though they used to have rows, they remained friends. (predicate nominative)
-Malin and Rathana become professional teachers. (predicate nominative)
-He is an atheist. (predicate nominative)
B. Predicate Adjectives (PA)
A predicate adjective is an adjective that appears with a linking verb and describes the subject of the
sentence.
-The design on the vase was intricate. (predicate adjective)
-Her face looks drawn. (predicate adjective)
-They seem unhappy. (predicate adjective)
Note: Both predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives may be compound.
-Her face looks drawn and pale. (compound predicate adjective)
-Malin and Rathana became professional teachers and first-time writers. (compound predicate
nominative)
 PRACTICE
I. Find and underline the direct object in each sentence. The direct object may be compound.
Example: Last weekend, we took a trip to the Toul Sleng museum.
1. We attended a show on electricity.
2. A huge generator produced light and energy.
3. Then, we saw a model of the Apollo spacecraft.
4. We examined the large control board.
5. Lauren and Rodrigo watched a film about rockets.
6. Later we visited the exhibit on natural history.
7. I like the stuffed giraffes and elephants best.
8. My friends preferred the dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals.
9. The Queen of England encouraged Sir Francis.
10. Drake treated the members of his crew well.
11. He won their respect and loyalty.
12. Drake commanded three ships at once.
13. Two smaller ships carried supplies.
14. They visited many ports in South America.
15. Drake's skill and courage helped England.
16. The British people greeted the weary sailors.
17. The Queen knighted Sir Francis Drake.
18. She praised him and the entire crew.
19. She also encouraged authors and artists.
20. The Queen enjoyed their talents and energy.
21. She rewarded many talented people.
22. She made many speeches.
23. She spoke several languages.
24. She also loved music.
25. She could play a musical instrument.
26. The Queen won the love of the people.
27. Musicians received her support.
28. Actors performed plays for the Queen.
29. Audience enjoyed dramas and comedies.
30. Writers told stories of love and adventure.
II. Recognizing indirect objects: Underline the indirect object in each sentence, including all parts
of any compound indirect objects. If a sentence has no indirect object, write (none) at the end.
1. I almost always write my parents a letter every month.
2. I may not write any letters this month.
3. The university granted the incoming freshman a four-year scholarship.
4. The builder showed the prospective owners some special additions to the house.
5. You have already brought them some detergent.
6. The article had a warning for cigarette smokers.
7. Doctors must be able to read symptoms correctly.
8. He brought me a wedding present although he could not attend my wedding.
9. Don't forget to bring your dictionary here tomorrow.
10. She had been singing a lullaby to her child, but he did not go to sleep.
11. Save me some of the food because I may be late for the party.
12. I have ordered you a plate of chicken rice and a glass of iced lemon tea.
13. She sent me a greeting card congratulating me my good exam results.
14. My grandmother told my cousins and me many folktales when she was alive.
15. She also made us laugh a lot.
16. When telling us, she made a cup of coffee for each of us.
17. The constitution guarantees freedom to all citizens.
18. Some students want jobs that give them more responsibility.
19. My friend has promised me a thorough investigation into my car loss.
20. He also gives me a hope about this investigation.
III. Underline each of the following subject complements and then label each one as predicate noun
(PN) or predicate adjective (PA) in the space given.
Example: _PA_ The sea becomes rough.
_________1. Murasaki Shikibu was an early Japanese novelist.
_________2. This cheese tastes salty.
_________3. The Cadillac was shiny and new.
_________4. We were his good friends.
_________5. They are very pretty.
_________6. We were the winners.
_________7. We were happy.
_________8. Lola is a brave explorer.
_________9. I am a scary monster.
_________10. This is a secret tunnel.
IV. Label the word(s) in the following sentences as a direct object (DO), an indirect object (IO), an
objective complement (OC), a predicate nominative (PN), or a predicate adjective (PA).
Example: She needs a job that gives her chances for advancement.
her: ___IO__ chances for advancement: __DO__
1. The fried chickens taste scrumptious.
scrumptious: ________________
2. I lent my friend two hundred dollars.
my friend: ________________
two hundred dollars: ________________
3. Grandma always cooks delicious food for all the grandchildren on Sundays.
delicious food: ________________
all the grandchildren: ________________
4. She wiped her face dry with a tissue.
her face: ________________
dry: ________________
5. She felt both sad and depressed today.
sad and depressed: ________________
6. They consider him a good leader.
him: ________________
Dilan a good leader: ________________
7. We appointed Kosal our representative.
Kosal: ________________
our representative: ________________
8. After the World War II, many leaders declared their countries independent.
their countries: ________________
independent: ________________
9. We considered Mr. Mony our best manager.
Mr. Mony: ________________
our best manager: ________________
10. Most of my friends call me Ouknha.
me: ________________
Ouknha: ________________
V. Identifying subject complements: Underline the subject complement(s) in each sentence, then
identify each as a predicate nominative or predicate adjective.
Example: The traffic pollution is becoming a cause for concern. (PN)
1. Mr. Saron, my accounting instructor, is very primitive.
2. I like eating fish, for it is scrumptious.
3. The unruly child grew belligerent and then sullen.
4. He is a heavy drinker; he never stays sober for long.
5. Of all the vegetables, I hate bitter gourds the most because they always taste bitter.
6. For my mother, she likes bitter gourds because she thinks that they are delicious.
7. His face looked drawn and pale because of fright.
8. After questioning, the suspect no longer seemed defensive and evasive.
9. For such a small restaurant, the menu appeared extensive.
10. His monthly salary is meager and inadequate, so he finds it difficult to support his family.
11. The blister grew more painful although I had applied some ointment to it.
12. Cockroaches are pests in many households.
13. The numbers on the calculators appeared faint because the batteries were flat.
14. At the beginning of the race, the competitors felt exuberant and confident.
15. Good sources of protein are eggs, meat, or beans.
16. Some girls are very fickle.
17. Most of Cambodian people are very bereaved after Touch Srey Nich, the popular singer, 24, was
shot twice in the face and once in the neck on Tuesday October 21, 2003.
18. The Elephant and the Ant is a hoary old tale.
19. Ronaldo is one of the most famous footballers in the world.
20. Edgar Allan Poe was a former American famous writer.
21. Edgar Allan Poe became an editor of Graham's Magazine in 1841.
22. He became popular after he produced several of his finest tales in the late 1930's.

The End of Unit 5!

 Unit 6: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
I. Prepositions
Prepositions are words that are normally placed before nouns or pronouns. Prepositions can be
followed by verbs but, except but and except, the verb must be in the gerund form.
preposition + noun / pronoun
-I always go to school every day.
-She gave a book to me yesterday.
-Zimbabwe's inflation unemployment rate was at 500 billion percent and was at 95 percent in
December 2009.
preposition + verb (-ing)

-They succeeded in escaping.

-I am tired of listening.
-She will die of crying.
Common Prepositions

about behind down off till

above below during on to

across beneath except onto toward

after beside for opposite under

against besides from out underneath

along between in outside until

amid beyond inside over up

among but into past upon

around by like since with

at concerning near through within

before despite of throughout without

Some prepositions consist of more than one word; they are called phrasal prepositions or
compound prepositions.
Common Compound Prepositions

according to by means of in regard to on account of

aside from because of instead of out of

as of = as from in addition to in front of prior to

as well as in place of with regard to with respect to

Here are some examples of common prepositions:
-Despite its loss, the team is still in first place.
-Her father lived in Kratie during the war.
-The River Thames flows through London.
-The path continues beyond the village. (beyond = on the other side of)
-The shop is open every day except Sunday. (except = not including)
-If you don't hear anything within seven days, phone again.
-I will wait until tomorrow.
-The street is full of traffic from morning till night.
-Many technical skilled people are required to maintain the numerous devices which our physical
comforts depend upon.
-He is an old man past seventy. (past = older than)
-She walked past my shop yesterday. (past = from one side to the other side of sth / sb)
-I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. (since = till now)
-I keep a dictionary beside me when I am reading a book. (beside = at the side of sth / sb)
-She has no relatives besides an aged aunt. [ besides (following a negative) = except sb / sth]
-They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. (beneath = under)
Here are some examples of common compound prepositions:
-According to our records, you have enough credits to graduate.
-We decided to make the trip in spite of the snowstorm.
-I am going to ride my bicycle instead of my motor.
-He chose that university because of its good reputation.
-Visibility is poor today on account of air pollution. (on account of = because of)
-He enjoys motorcycle riding in spite of danger.
-He is quite good - looking aside from his nose. (Us, a part from = except for)
-As from next Monday, you can use my office. (Indicating the time or date from which sth starts)
-My house is in front of the grocer's.
-Mr. Green is out of town this evening. (not in)
-Fish can survive for only a short time out of water.
-People can lift the load by means of a crane. (by using sth; with the help of of sth)
-Do you have anything else to say with regard to your job application? (with regard to sb / sth = in
regard to sb / sth = in connection with sb / sth)
-I am writing with respect to your recent enquiry. (concerning sth)
-We received no notification prior to the event. (before sth)
-Williams was selected in place of the injured Roberts. (in stead of)
 -In addition to these arrangements, thirty ambulances will be on duty until midnight. (as an extra
person, thing, or circumstance)
1. Uses of Prepositions
* On + sth / day / date
-My books are on the table.
-Sambath will go to Kampot on Sunday.
-I was born on 22nd April.
-She gave me a tie on my birthday.
-People are extremely happy on Christmas's Day.
-I sat on the floor / on the ground / on the grass / on a chair / on the beach.
-There is a dirty mark on the wall / on the ceiling / on your nose / on my shirt.
-Have you seen the notice on the notice board / on the door?
* In + sth / place (big) / month / season / year (long period)
-I see a few insects in the glass.
-We live in Phnom Penh.
-They will marry in April.
-My grandmother died in 2000.
-In the 19th century, we didn't have computers yet.
-I will visit Canada in winter because I want to ski there.
-There is no one in the room / in the building / in the garden.
-What have you got in your hand / in your mouth?
-When they were in Cambodia, they spent a few days in Siem Reap.
-Look at those people swimming in the pool / in the sea / in the river.
-I have a friend who lives in a small village in the mountains.
* At + sth / hour and time of day / place (small)
-Who is that man standing at the bus stop / at the door / at the window?
-Turn left at the church / at the traffic lights / at the roundabout.
-Write your name at the bottom / at the top of the page.
-Ana's house is at the end of the street.
-When you leave the hotel, please leave your key at the reception.
-I generally have dinner at 8 o'clock.
-I always wake up at midnight.
-I have a short talk at lunchtime.
-I don't like going out at night.
-Will you be here at weekend?
-Do you give each other a present at Christmas? (but on Christmas's Day)
 -Mr. Benn is very busy at the moment / at present.
-Liz and I arrived at the same time.
-He often sleeps at his office.
* For + sb / sth / period of time
-Sam bought a small platinum ring for his girlfriend last year.
-He lives for horses from morning till night.
-I study hard for my future.
-I do everything for her.
-I have taught English for three years.
-He has worked here for a year.
-He has traveled in the desert for six months.
* During is used with known periods of time, i.e. periods known by name, such as Christmas, Easter,
Water Festival, Khmer New Year, or periods which have been already defined:
-I was in Kampot during the Khmer New Year.
-During his childhood, he always cried.
-She will be in Singapore during her vacation.
-Many people were killed during Pol Pot's regime.
-He worked in London during 1941.
* Since is used for time, never for place, and means ' from that time to the time referred to '. It is often
used with a present perfect or past perfect tense.
-She has been here since Monday. (from Monday till now)
-He wondered where Ann was. He had not seen her since their quarrel.
-I have taught English since 1999.
- Since can also be a conjunction of time:
-He has worked for us since he left school.
-It was two years since I last saw Tom=I last saw Tom two years ago/I haven't seen Tom for two
years.
- Since can also be an adverb:
-He left school in 1983. I have not seen him since.
* By + a time / date / period = at the time or before / not later than that date.
-The train starts at 6.10, so you had better be at the station by 6.00.
-I have something to do tomorrow. I must leave here by 6.30.
-by + a time expression is often used with a perfect tense, particularly the future perfect.
-By the end of July, I will have read those books.
-By Monday evening, I will have studied English for 2 years.
* Before can be a preposition, conjunction or adverb:
-Before signing on a contract, you should read it consciously. (preposition)
-Before you sign on a contract, you should read it consciously. (conjunction)
- I've seen him somewhere before. (adverb)
2. Alternative positions of preposition
A. Prepositions normally precede nouns or pronouns. In two constructions, however, it is possible in
informal English to move the preposition to the end of the sentence:
1. In questions beginning with a preposition + whom / which / what whose / where:
-To whom were you talking? (formal)
-Who were you talking to? (informal)
-In which drawer does she keep it? (formal)
-Which drawer does she keep it in? (informal)
-From where does she come? (formal)
-Where does she come from? (informal)
It used to be thought ungrammatical to end a sentence with a preposition, but it is now accepted as a
colloquial form.
2. Similarly in relative clause, a preposition placed before whom / which ca be moved to the end of
the clause. The relative pronoun is then often omitted:
-The man with whom I was traveling is George. (formal)
-The man Ø I was traveling with is George. (informal)
-The company from which I rent a TV set is a new one. (formal)
-The company Ø I rent a TV set from is a new one. (informal)
B. But in phrasal verbs the preposition / adverb remains after its verb, so the form type of construction
is not possible.
-The children whom I was looking after were very spoilt.
(Not The children after whom I was looking were very spoilt.)
-Which bridge did they blow up?
(Not Up which bridge did they blow?)
II. Prepositional Phrases
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun,
pronoun, or a group of words acting as a noun.
prepositional phrase = preposition + noun(s) / pronoun (s)
in the class from the sea near my house on the roof
The noun or pronoun following a preposition is called the object of the preposition.
* Often the object of the preposition has modifiers.
-She usually gives a bone to her cat.
 -Not a sound came from the child's room except a gentle snoring.
* Sometimes a preposition has more than one object. (a compound object)
-The Laundromat was between campus and home.
-They are talking with Tida and Nimol.
* Usually, the preposition comes before its object. In interrogative sentence, however, the preposition
sometimes follows its object.
-What did your supervisor ask you about?
-Who did you talk to? (informal)
Functions of Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional phrases frequently function as adjectives or adverbs. If a preposition phrase modifies a
noun or pronoun, it functions as an adjective. If it! modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb, it functions as
an adverb.
1. Prepositional phrases are used as adjectives:
adjective + noun noun + prepositional phrase
1. I want a book on the table. 1. I want a thick book.
2. She saw a bird in its nest. 2. She saw a black bird.
3. The black thief was killed 3. The thief near my house was killed.
4. Nimol loves a cunning man. 4. Nimol loves a man near Dara.
2. Prepositional phrases are used as adverbs:
* Prepositional phrases modify verbs:
1. She lives with her aunt.
2. They are playing cards in Tom's house.
3. We study in Phnom Penh.
* Prepositional phrases modify Adjectives:
1. She is happy with her whole life.
2. I feel nervous at the board.
3. They became more powerful during the war.
* Prepositional phrases modify Adverbs:
1. Sok studies hard for his final exam.
2. Nara drives consciously for his safety.
3. They drink and dance happily in the bar.

Positions of Preposition Phrases

Prepositional phrases are often moveable. Some (but not all) prepositional phrases can come at the
beginning as well as at the end of a sentence. Sometimes moving a prepositional phrase to the
beginning of the sentence is not correct. That prepositional phrase, moreover, seems to modify the
wrong word in the sentence.
A 1. I always cried during my childhood.
2. During my childhood, I always cried.
B 3. I saw a bear with two cubs.
4. With two cubs, I saw a bear. (incorrect)
In A, a prepositional phrase is moveable. (1) and (2) in A have the same meaning. In B, a
prepositional phrase is not moveable. (3) and (4) in B have different meanings. (3) means that a bear
with two cubs was seen by me, and (4) means that I with two cubs saw a bear, so it is incorrect to move
a prepositional phrase in such a situation.
 PRACTICE
I. Put one of the prepositions you think best fit the sentence into each gap.
1. Mozart was born in Salzburg ........... 1756.
2. I haven't seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her ........... Tuesday.
3. The price of electricity is going up ........... October.
4. I've been invited to a wedding ........... 8 December.
5. Hurry up! We've got to go ........... five minutes.
6. I'm busy just now but I'll be with you ......... a moment.
7. Sok's brother is an engineer but he is out of work ............. the moment.
8. There are usually a lot of parties ............. New Year's Eve.
9. I hope the weather will be nice ........... the weekend.
10. ........... Saturday night I went to bed ........... 11 o'clock.
11. I don't like traveling ............. night.
12. We travel overnight to Paris and arrive ........... 5 o'clock ............... the morning.
13. The course began ......... 2 December and will end sometime .............. July.
14. It was quite a short book and easy to read. I read it ......... a day.
15. I might not be at home ........... Tuesday morning but I'll probably be there the afternoon.
16. My car is being repaired at the garage. It will be ready ........ two hours.
17. The telephone and the doorbell rang ........... the same time.
18. Mary and Henry always go out for a meal ......... their wedding anniversary.
19. Henry is 63. He'll be retiring from his job ........... two years ' time.
20. I completed this book ............... November 30, 2002.
21. It rained ............ three days without stopping.
22. I fell asleep ............. the film.
23. Martin hasn't lived in England all his life. He lived in Brazil ............ four years.
24. I need a change. I think I'll go away .......... a few days.
25. We met a lot of people ................ our holiday.
26. The phone rang three times ................ the night.
27. I have not eaten anything .......... breakfast.
28. There were many interruptions ............... the president's speech.
29. I went out for dinner with Nita last night. Unfortunately, I began to fell ill .............. the meal and
had to go home.
30. The villagers found some treasure buried ............ a pile of leaves.
31. When I read a book, I always keep a dictionary .............. me.
32. ........... our stay in Siem Reap, we've visited Angkor Wat three times.
33. We bought that book .......... its popularity.
34. He will be away ........... Monday.
35. She is the oldest spinster ............. seventy.
II. Is the underlined word an adverb (adv) or a preposition (prep)?
______ 1. I stood by.
______ 2. Susie opened the front door and looked inside.
______ 3. She went inside a quiet room.
______ 4. I followed her in.
______ 5. Old, broken furniture stood in every corner.
______ 6. A huge dining room table was turned over.
______ 7. A brass lamp had fallen down.
______ 8. Spiders were climbing down the walls.
______ 9. We heard a crash in the basement.
______ 10. We ran through the doorway.
______ 11. Who else was in the old house?
______ 12. We should have stayed outside!
______ 13. The wind whistled outside the house.
______ 14. Susie ran through the dark hall.
______ 15. I followed behind her.
______ 16. Susie climbed up the wide stairway.
______ 17. I was scared, but I climbed up.
______ 18. We walked past some old portraits.
______ 19. The faces in the portraits watched us.
______ 20. I felt their eyes on my back.
______ 21. Susie and I walked on.
______ 22. Susie went inside a large bedroom.
______ 23. I followed along.
______ 24. I saw something moves near the window.
______ 25. Susie and I yelled and jumped back.
______ 26. A sparrow flew in.
______ 27. The bird landed on a chair.
______ 28. It darted out.
______ 29. Susie and I ran down the stairs.
______ 30. We heard noises in the basement.
______ 31. Susie opened the basement door and looked down.
______ 32. Five noisy cats ran past us.
______ 33. Susie and I laughed and went outside.
______ 34. We turned around and studied the house.
______ 35. I thought that I saw a light inside.
______ 36. Susie and I ran and didn't look back!
III. Underline the prepositional phrases in the following passage.
Managing Your Life (Time Management Tips)
(1) Have you ever felt jealous of those who seem to do all they set out to do. (2) Do you wonder
how they take control of their time in their life? (3) Would you like to end the day and not feel frazzled?
Why not begin to follow some of these time management tips in your life? (4) You may be surprise
with the results.
(5) Break big tasks into tasks. (6) The next time you are faced with a bi task such as writing a
term paper, cleaning your room, or organizing a school event break the task into smaller tasks. For
example, (7) if you are overwhelmed with a term paper, break it into four parts: research, writing
rewriting, and typing the final copy. (8) Determine the number of days that ca be spent on each phase
of the paper. (9) Complete the paper on time, and before you know it, it will be done!
(10) Be aware of your efficiency peaks. Are you a morning person or do you friends call you a "
night owl "? (11) You work better at different times of the day and night. (12) Find out when these
times are. When possible, plan to work of your hardest tasks when you work the best.
(13) Be aware of the time wasters. (14) It is easy to let minutes slip away without realizing the
amount of time that has been lost. (15) Talking on the phone, daydreaming, or staring at the TV are the
big culprits. (16) Become aware of the time that you waste. (17) The following week, work to improve
you schedule. Begin by cutting down on your phone calls. (18) Keep the TV turned off so that it does
not distract you. And make yourself stay on a task rather than daydreaming about something else.
(19) Use downtime. If you are like most people, you waste minutes and sometimes hours just
waiting. (20) The next time you are waiting for a doctor or dentist, riding a bus or subway, or waiting
for other people, be prepared. Always have something you can do. Use this time to organize your
notebook, read a book, write a letter, or balance your checkbook.
(21) Group trips together. Make a list of all the errands that you need to do and keep the list in
plain view. (22) When it is time to go to a certain location, the dry cleaners for instance, cluster all the
stops that need to be made in that area and do them at one time.
(23) Make a list of things to do and prioritize them. Time management experts agree that a " to
do a list " is a must for those who want to stay on task and reach their goals. (24) Get into the habit of
making a realistic " to do list " each day. (25) Prioritize each activity and try to do all A and B tasks.
(26) Stay organized. An organized room, closet, desk, or study area makes your life more
orderly. Keep your personal and family supplies and belongings organized. Develop a storage space
for all items and put things back where they belong when you are done with them. (27) This will help
you save time so that you do not have to waste precious minutes looking for these items when you
need them.
(28) Stay fit. Take time on a daily basic to enjoy an exercise program. (29) Exercise releases stress
and allows you to direst your energies into productive behavior. It not only improves your health, but
it improves your attitude and makes you feel more energetic.
IV. Rewrite each sentence by moving an appropriate prepositional phrase to the beginning of its
sentence. In some sentences, two prepositional phrases must be moved together. Punctuate your
sentence correctly.
Example: There is good spa water near the Kamchay Mountain in Kampot province.
→ Near Kamchay Mountain in Kampot province, there is good spa water.
1. Two tropical storms raced through the Caribbean Sea in the fall of 1995.
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2. Huge trees fell, blocking streets, damaging buildings, and knocking out power during the storms.
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3. Seventy - five - mile - an - hour winds ripped steel roofs off some homes on Saint Croix.
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4. Twelve - foot waves flooded homes and businesses in the towns near the coast.
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5. The giant storms also damaged banana plantations and sugarcane fields in the eastern Caribbean.
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6. Scientists have gathered useful information about hurricanes from these two storms.
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7. Bill Jenkins used to go to the barber's during working hours.
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The End of Unit 6!