DIFFERENTIATION

RULES
•Let us
PRAY
THE EARTH

THE EARTH IS
ALWAYS CHANGING
POPULATION GROWTH
MOUNTAINS GROWS AND SHRINK
EARTH
WARMS
AND
COOLS
When studying the
Earth, it is important to
know how quickly or
slowly these changes
are taking place.

Rate of Change
Derivative
DIFFERENTIATION
OBJECTIVES

1.Discuss the differentiation rules.

2.Apply the differentiation rule in computing the
derivative of algebraic functions.
3.Appreciate the convenient way to evaluate the
derivative of a functions.
LEARNING TASK 1: REVIEW
Find the derivative of the functions from the first principle.
• 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 2 = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2)
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥 + ℎ 2 − 3 𝑥 + ℎ + 2 − (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ + 2 − 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − 3ℎ
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
 ℎ(2𝑥 + ℎ − 3)
lim = lim 2𝑥 + ℎ − 3
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0
= 6𝑥 + 0 − 3
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 3
LEARNING TASK 1: REVIEW
Find the derivative of the functions from the first principle.
• 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 6
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
3 𝑥+ℎ 2− 10 𝑥 + ℎ + 6 − (3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 6)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ) − 10𝑥 − 10ℎ + 6 − 3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 6
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ2 − 10𝑥 − 10ℎ + 6 − 3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 6
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ2 − 10ℎ
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
 ℎ(6𝑥 + 3ℎ − 10)
lim = lim 6𝑥 + 3ℎ − 10
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0
= 6𝑥 + 0 − 10
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 6𝑥 − 10
LEARNING Function Derivative
TASK 2
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 2𝑥
• Direction: Let
y=fx. Find the 3 ′ 2
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥
derivative of
4 ′ 3
function using 𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥
the pattern 5
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 5𝑥 4
given.
′ 5
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 6 𝑓 𝑥 = 6𝑥
 Function Derivative
𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 2 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 8𝑥

𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 3 𝑔′ 𝑥 = 6𝑥 2

𝑟 𝑥 = 3𝑥 4 𝑟 ′ 𝑥 = 12𝑥 3
ℎ 𝑥 = 5𝑥 5 ℎ′ 𝑥 = 25𝑥 4
𝑡 𝑥 = 3𝑥 6 − 7 𝑡 ′ 𝑥 = 18𝑥 5

𝑠 𝑥 = 2𝑥 5 + 4 𝑠 ′ 𝑥 = 10𝑥 4
 GUIDE QUESTIONS

1.Based on the pattern, what is the derivative of

function in the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛 ?the derivative of a
constant?
2.How does it compare to the previous method?
 RULES FOR DIFFERENTIATION

• Rule 1: The Derivative of a Constant.

The derivative of a constant is zero.

EXAMPLE #1:
What is the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑?
EXAMPLE #2:
What is the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = −𝟏𝟎𝟎?
• Rule 2: The Power Rule.
𝑛 𝑛−1
The derivative of 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑥
EXAMPLE #3:
𝟒
What is the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 ?

EXAMPLE #4:
−𝟏𝟏
What is the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 ?
• Rule 3: The Constant Multiple Rule
If k is any real number constant and 𝑓 is a
differentiable function of x, then
𝑑 𝑑
• 𝑘∙𝑓 𝑥 =𝑘∙ [𝑓 𝑥 ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

EXAMPLE #5:
What is the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟒 ?
• Rule 3: The Constant Multiple Rule
If k is any real number constant and 𝑓 is a
differentiable function of x, then
𝑑 𝑑
• 𝑘∙𝑓 𝑥 =𝑘∙ [𝑓 𝑥 ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

EXAMPLE #6:
What is the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟔 ?
• Rule 4: The Sum and Difference Rules
If 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 are two differentiable functions
at x, then
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 ±𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

EXAMPLE #7:
What is the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟔?
• Rule 4: The Sum and Difference Rules
If 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 are two differentiable functions
at x, then
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 ±𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

EXAMPLE #8:
What is the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖?
SEATWORK #04
Find the first order derivative of the given function
below.

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 − 12
2. 𝑓 𝑥 =2 𝑥
3
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 5
4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −2 + 8
5. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
• Rule 5: Product and Quotient Rules
If f and g are two differentiable functions of x,
then the following rules should be followed:
• Product Rule:
𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ∙ 𝑔′ 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 ∙ 𝑓 ′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

• Quotient Rule:
𝑑 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 ∙ 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥 ∙ 𝑔′ 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 2
To easily remember these rules, a prime notation
is sometimes used such that you let 𝑢 =
𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 𝑔 𝑥 . Then using the prime notation,
you have

•Product Rule: • Quotient Rule:

𝒅 𝒅 𝒖 𝒗𝒅𝒖 − 𝒖𝒅𝒗
𝒖𝒗 = 𝒖𝒅𝒗 + 𝒗𝒅𝒖 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒗 𝒗𝟐
 THE CHAIN RULE
• If 𝑦 is a differentiable function of 𝑢 and 𝑢 is a
differentiable function of x, then y can be
regarded as a function of x, and that
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
That is, the derivative of 𝑦 with respect to x is
the derivative of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑢 multiplied
by the derivative of 𝑢 with respect to x.
Not Differentiable with Differentiable with the
the Chain Rule Chain Rule
1
𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 3
𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 3 3

𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 8 1
−
𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 8 4

𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 9) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 + 9 4

6𝑥 − 1 3
𝑦= 6𝑥 − 1
4 + 3𝑥 𝑦=
4 + 3𝑥
 EXAMPLE: FIND THE DERIVATIVE.

•𝑔 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 1 6

•f 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +1 6
 DERIVATIVE EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS

• When 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑢(𝑥) , then according to the chain

rule:
𝑑𝑒 𝑢(𝑥) 𝑑𝑢(𝑥)
= 𝑒 𝑢(𝑥) ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 4. FIND THE DERIVATIVE
OF EACH FUNCTION.
• 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥+3
3𝑥 2
•𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒
 DERIVATIVE OF NATURAL
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
• The derivative of the natural logarithmic
function is the reciprocal function, that is,
𝑑 1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
If u is a differentiable function of x, then
𝑑 1
𝐼𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑢
EXAMPLE 3. FIND THE DERIVATIVE
OF EACH FUNCTION.
• 𝑦 = 𝐼𝑛 4𝑥
• 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝐼𝑛 5𝑥 2 + 3
• 𝑦 = 𝐼𝑛 𝑥 3
4
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑛 𝐼𝑛 2𝑥
EXAMPLE:
• Find the equation of the tangent line to the graph of
3−2𝑥 2
𝑓 𝑥 = when x = 1. Show the graph of the curve
𝑥+3
and its tangent line to x = 1 using DESMOS app.
SOLUTION 𝑣𝑑𝑢 − 𝑢𝑑𝑣
𝑓′ 𝑥 =
𝑣2
3 − 2𝑥 2
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3 −4𝑥 − 3 − 2𝑥 2
1
𝑥+3
=
𝑢 = 3 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 = −4𝑥 𝑥+3 2
𝑣 =𝑥+3 𝑑𝑣 = 1 −4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 3 + 2𝑥 2
=
𝑥+3 2
−2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 3
𝑓′(𝑥) =
𝑥+3 2
Get the slope using the derivative When 𝑥 = 1,
function. Substitute x to the given
function to get the value of
′ −2𝑥 2 −12𝑥−3 y or f(x).
𝑚= 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥+3 2 3 − 2𝑥 2
𝑓 𝑥 =
2 𝑥+3
′
−2 1 − 12 1 − 3 2
𝑚=𝑓 1 = 3−2 1
1+3 2 𝑓 1 =
1+3
17 3−2
=
𝑚=− 4
16 1
=
4
 y – y1 = m(x – x1)
1 17
𝑦− = − x−1
4 16
16𝑦 − 4 = −17 𝑥 − 1
16𝑦 = −17𝑥 + 17 + 4
17 21
𝑦= − 𝑥 + or
16 16
16𝑦 + 17𝑥 − 21 = 0
 DERIVATIVE LOGARITHM (LOG𝒂 𝒙)

• When 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑢(𝑥) , then according to the chain

rule:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑙𝑛𝑥 1
log 𝑎 𝑥 = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑎 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑎
BINGO!
ASSIMILATION/ A B

ASSESSMENT 1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥11
2. 𝑝 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 2
5
• Write the 3. 𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑥 9
6
4. 𝑞 𝑥 = −9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1
derivative of each
2
5. 𝑟 𝑥 = 𝑥3
function in
6. 𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 (1 − 2𝑥 3 )
column A to 9
7. 𝑦 = 5𝑥2 −1
column B. 8. ℎ 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 1)
𝑥+1 𝑥+2
9. 𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑥−3
𝑥 2 +3𝑥−2
10. 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥−3
 REFLECTION

• Differentiation rules are more convenient ways to

evaluate the derivative without the hassle of the
lengthy and tedious limit process. In real life, rules are
not just meant to guide our undertakings, they also
ensure smooth implementation of procedures in a
more simplified manner.