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Week4 Basic - Calculus 1

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16 views31 pages

Week4 Basic - Calculus 1

I don't actually experience changes or cope with them. As an AI system, I was created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest.

Uploaded by

alexgabrielleeco23
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Illustrating Derivative

of a Function
Let us
Travel
Baguio
City
Tagaytay
Lucban,
Quezon
Hinulugang
Taktak
(Antipolo)
Mt.
Makiling
(Laguna)
Intoduction
• In junior high School math, you have learned that
one way to describe a line is through its slope.
The slope is a numerical expression of a line’s
steepness. It is given by a constant value, m,
taken from the quotient of the y-difference and the
x-difference of any two points on a line. Curves,
on the other hand, do not have slopes. We can
only determine the slope of the line that is tangent
to the curve at any given point.
Objectives:
1.Illustrate the tangent line to the graph of a function at
a given point.
2.Apply the definition of the derivative of a function at a
given number.
3.Relate derivative of a function to the slope of a
tangent line.
4.Appreciate the application of derivative in real-life
situation.
Drill:
Draw one
tangent line on
each graph.
Draw one
tangent line on
the graph.
Drill 2: Find the slope of the given two points.
1
1.(5, 2); (2, 3) 𝑚=−
3
2.(0, 3); (-2, 5) 𝑚 = −1
13
3.(3, 5); (0, -8) 𝑚=
3
4.(1/2, 3); (1, 5) 𝑚=4
5.(4,0); (3, -5) 𝑚=5
The Tangent Line to a Curve

Q[(x+h), f(x+h)]

P[x, f(x)]
As you move closer
from Q to P, h
approaches 0 and the
secant line approaches
the tangent line.
Therefore, to get the
tangent line, simply
evaluate the limit of the
slope of the secant line
as h approaches 0.
Slope of the line Tangent to a Curve

• The slope m of the line tangent to the curve y=f(x)


at point P[x,f(x)] is given by the equation,
𝒇 𝒙+𝒉 −𝒇 𝒙
𝒎 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒉→𝟎 𝒙+𝒉 −𝒙

Provided that the limit exists. This is commonly called


the limit of the difference quotient.
. #1

• Find the equation of the tangent line to 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −


4𝑥 + 5 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1.
𝑦 − 𝑦0
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥0

𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥0
𝑦 − 𝑦0
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥0
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 − 2
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
𝑚 = lim (𝑥 − 3) = 𝑚 = −2
𝑥→1
Finding the equation of the line…
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥0
𝑦 − 2 = −2 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 − 2 = −2x + 2
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 − 2 = 0
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0
2. Find the equation of the
tangent line to the curve
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2 at x=-2.
𝑥0 = −2
𝑦−𝑦0
•𝑚 = lim
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥−𝑥0
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥0
𝑥2 − 2 − 2
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→−2 𝑥+2
(𝑥 2 − 4)
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→−2 𝑥 + 2
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑚 = lim
𝑥→−2 𝑥+2
𝑚 = lim (𝑥 − 2)
𝑥→−2

𝑚 = −4
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥0
𝑦 − 2 = −4 𝑥 + 2
𝑦 − 2 = −4x − 8
4𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 + 8 = 0
4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6 = 0
Derivative
• The derivative of a function is defined as
instantaneous change in rate. In Calculus, the
function that give the general formula for this slope of
f called the derivative of the function and is denoted
by f’(read as “f prime”). We have seen in the previous
concept the formula for the slope of a tangent line
which is also a formula in finding a specific derivative
of a function at a given number.
Definition of Derivative
• The derivative of a function f with respect to x is the
function that approximates the slope of the line
tangent to f at any point on its graph. Thus, provided
that this limit exists,

′
𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒉 − 𝒇 𝒙
𝒎 = 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉
# 3.

• Find the derivative of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 𝑎𝑡 2.

′
𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥0
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥0
# 4.

• Find the derivative of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 7 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1.

′
𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥0
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥0
ALTERNATIVE DEFINITION OF
DERIVATIVE

′
𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒉 − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉
# 5.

•Find the derivative of the function


2
𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 8.

# 6.
•Find the derivative of the
2
function𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2)
How do you respond to changes in
the things around you? What do you
do to cope with these changes?
Because the derivative is
the function of the slope of
a graph, then it denotes
rate of changes. In this
life, things and
circumstances keep on
changing. Anticipating the
rate of change allows you
to prepare and adapt.

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