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36 views43 pages

Set 1

Uploaded by

Rah Ni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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oa Error Contre) Cock ing EGlEc 613) H Digital Cowmunscovion skew chace : (a Seucce, ww) | Pat) = |eskmete of wit) objechi ve: —_—_—— HO) S mw) deliver ake message Foon Be sowete ts “the Sink we ag Wire Aiskerbion at Ressiee” exemple s of boxes lQ Seucce : Cye) , Brom seucce Ccomgiber deka), Aexh, Speech Creleplony) oudio, cadio, Vides | Smate . (ey Channel. re Ry model >| wes) > \Wa 1 we & NCH = noise is due TE the channel (ross WealK on bun ales Tondom x moise , wwkerFerence, 4 telephone coble) + R noise: * “VWermel meise ve ts signel processing Elements wm R SQ = ML PT TK Vine Lesery Veleghont at home) — Coanial carle Comoe Tv) - Redio Cecommeceiel cadio \arodcosh ~ CEN Phemes) = Optical Coeprice\ Firece) Mw came ob Gualsec Funder sea calle, Feunks leek. soovtohe Ts (cy Re - Goal Mam — Lavect ie 4tronsRoemakion en mG) & he wy ~~ Channe| > Iw Wher Retloos, We ot be aa wt, ‘Sinan sabboomedion « my TE MG) 38 omclere | speech | vides | ete. we KY convesh ow GT TS BY S\ceom « Ww AID = psa | [Gaeaehen | else mo wk eee Rak TO tite bel sample 5, = Bamglien Le ww Sample \sec wf) > ¥ % 2B a pom So} KE => toa 8 RAE —s b = BB wrs|sengle R= 64 kK b| Sec = not la) Wk Feackion Re \N info \ rl ——r——r——_—. eee ees Encoder. l — | Encoder [7S Jew 2c Digtal weedSs Med. —> 8 — x) collect ow A Ss 8 Gritag a» : of} H- ae i Seoucce Encodu. A typice\ Source encode vs ASCTT . uses F bits sper Wlekten 4 Pacihy weih VEXT © 8 bits| letter Emgiish texb - Soucce . ae Aas a Alphabet composed o§ lethecs, - Measuce Sowrce 1S Source EwbopPy sure -\ Sewese SS Se = Hod =- DL Pwye, vat 5 Where P= Pree. oo leer in Alphelbe ~s Since we hove L =26 Vebhecs in Ennion A\phalbe’ , i Sauce ony Veo a WO) = Veg 26 = GF bids|\eHte y > Nete. . yo = Minimum number. 4 biks{ lee neeoled te represent— the Soucce lo dishecen © TF we use a Sheuckare WW Beltloust- amd U PeNows WOO) 3.56 ’ids\\ethee Kmemer 4 one} wi Goals of source Encoder. ~ Finds a wiwimal Quits| lethu) repesetoi on cP soucce ie.) remove she cedundanen Seow Ane source with Source encod cw Conwst be decorate) . All His encediiy is done When chownel is eccor Yee. ~ Dow send Beedectorle informalion ts Ten receive WA dowt Waste Channel eroucces on YRdickarle mw Oy) ~ a «Maw infecanbies Ss Soucce. soucce, \ > Co —~ _— wrandom outpuks fas Some order «large Entropy Ealvopy + DisBrderecl safe. Encode ~The bottom line Source coding 15 te Prodluce an average Code word Jeng € bits] symbo) such thet & YH) 15 as Close as possible % H(X) Male that he Source cede outgut is essanhally random , dey it removes redundancy Prom He Source message . HOWever) “This makes wTuery sensthi vt AS Chawne\ Fronswission ercers. e Mere sa Seoncce aN \ohen . ANY o — Channel Evceder , ebyechve 1 Corteck eccoss made in Chonnel Ar coms Mi Shien | Jsc ~ Seucce -te- Sink Chowne) 0 Input 4 isp 4 o _ Plerre) =P oo o i-P Consider Code : 4 5, 1\\ wse The Bsc S Mmes ) For cody impart o — > 000 Codesords EF AW coe) = 3 means coderseeds anther ” im 3 Plates AsSume 4d, No © —s seo > az Note Hrok with His repenkition cade ) cre have added < Convrolled\® cedundow es As VO a. S— Porihy bits ese e© — s of) Now if we put the Source are channel encoders Source Grewal) [ee |—— [Ee b> Tb eatrocles wuncentetted Por we Gubeolled seduandan ca” re duncloun us" % Mow, let us go back te the simple repeatition code Decoder ; . Toke 3 outputs Prom Me BSc od Sind ve Closest Cin AL) codeword + USe Whe encoder Tule ts eshimate wa Soucce BW Luncoded mLormabien) ex. A —s» \\\ — Ss oom marty cule more ‘is then "so Mer wise > O Vet soy het we send b —2 Vi cud ceceive =e Vo\ ‘ x One Aeansenssion eerer —— > mere NS Tren to's Sede YY eo . oN more “O'S *Fhan “As —>"Q" “ ° * 2 eerors “he Same con lee obtained inoterms 4 a = a Ou, \ Silece ch eo! iN ‘ rent tte cen SP ALONG) 2 2 1 Ao, GY= A Then “O" is Sesh The prob. 4 ecter Yor Aig code is Gotan ey, P Keres) = PL 2 Ty eccocs) 4 PAST, escoes) - (a) Pees GSE + If pis fw, | Plecr) =3P| + Fer ne cocking | P Cevre) = P| x More on Channel Cooking later. — Chemnels: [) (A) AWGN Channel amplitude fas Gaussian Pi ar Re rays SWa00 s a) x ih message n& Sijae) oO BM s Elo weit) = 7 3 &) Where Ae = Power spectral dlesihy 4 ase i 7 Signed sfechron ea > £ age SQ) = power sepcleam = FER Cp = 22 yh (b) Bendiwited AWGN Chonnel : rene A a __,® x 5) A,“ nO) AS Bz bendurdth, | The chawnl gets Norge, we aer on AWG Z ‘Syon bol vate + Mele that for BT lage Boy L”, the received Symbols are altecked ‘only toy ae weise wv) Cue cal\-wis condom error Chanad » Mosk ercec cocseckima Coden ace designed Pam Fandom ercem Chamnels (8a ones We shady) — with IST , errors are Cocrelated aud Wwe ah Yours e€creeS Cran tit + Anotur. tre J signe! cshetien is Signal fadiag” sw os > Aw) s@ ere burst deep fade = 6 @ eouss * AWGN chamel (RT ~ large) Re: Tater the oFerabions im Me Th Plus Channel oa For Ahe cose Sv ~ ‘ergy he ceceluen wavecst Whe Gpecalten in oe vx Weeiis coded vod © _ = Source Gnawa : \s oe [Pe are re b-| Med b> a Se Re “o™ Sy =" Seacte mn —>| Denet [| a > eee G * | Mo loss in this Strachuce Praviclecl thal Re channel i$ “memorsless Cue, we ISL) wo Xedimy, condom anise) his is Called “separokion theorem” @M VOM : A siskem that comes close Shonnen Wit such as ih « 28-8 KePS nee V3 modems ee er Oe oe) “ Shommon Capatihy A 2 for AG” rw 32 Kbps 7 rere Cretephone ine) 2 More on TCM later. we Before gona MTs debails of the channel aa Pechaigue Ver us Res vevied a Smple Communication Peoblem, % Primm ceceiver su) AWGN Channel -e— Bnoey modulabion, 3) 4 —> PQ, o> -PW Pa LV a Gor) ex Sewd a neo Pulse execs Sec 4 coresRe lL i RB. Oph mam tha Lk gees PL sein » Vwo Realreakiong: @ Makched Filter Realigahen: CS ex EE ca) Wh = PLT-t) = Pw © Digele a pene Semple every T wee Lk key ER r@ A \ ee dump pulse BO) Ler us Bind Pe Lanceded eccoe Yeub.) GY Assume Ao is sent Boe RTS SANT we interval cWs PR) an) want v + d= formar. Pemarsleoa RT . . x Be AT a Qi. Ghee 5 (wr de = Ganssiey ‘s 8 ev ~N (268) Error Even¥ Ay ill Repgen When co PleLLd= Pass) 3, (ret e 2 fo : alse Since Lago} = Ld e- ee 1 Be [Fd -T Assume O is sent , © GQ) =- POA) | oct eT Show Ker piers) = Ple\ | QWs) Now, What is AT ? o™ 2 2 2 a ects E Pia) = 47+ AT = AT -~ € rot ~_ AT. E& 2 os lead alt & “ples @ (He) Mote: Somekmes We vse @ Ramckien approximation Veue Bon con ek) 4 auceion T (no SRN over = eM: ples €=2 For S92 ae Some besks Use e ee 22 efc ds BT 2" an “JQ Gs 4 ete (he) ) o Fas @ (EE = & ente CE) Metice Mat, smart p (geor 4 Means \acae . Un pedi chal Ve ocucance of eveat d) wilpomalbien since the event dis Pel = TUR) = small wo logis lo je let Ra sencce Rave on = 2 eawally Vikely symbols and LANs Veqn sk wits] sqm. in this cose Me source ovbputs ee Shs | sonese sy (i) Enbeopy: Cet the sencce Symbols A, when, a ene PAw\= Q@, yi a roa: ELI] = - x, a4 @, | ws} 94 16 56 Meaninsy es For ans, entoder.., Ye. ~auecose —o Abs Pec —— saptscl. AS coco - GQ = PAK)... : Thin, you can shows that. 2% Hoe). (prove i+) «Mate that then so Ad wae Bowe Hae matinal- means... P-(%,>%, i QQ, Ves inde yl 58 ©, for_pro, 2 elyp a0 a Roe 7 + @, foc p=l, plyps cee OD fee pal 3 hes a ease Dyn OQ represent completly Pred icbsble i ource oukpurs, ence , Zero inbormebien ire _n(p)_3. 2). On Aha Phen. yaad, CuSe—S>—_— reSenNs | _ - ihe mosik sande Case, pale 59 Soucce.: ——_ o) be. He pdb for xEX p60 Rag. GA_dX. 09 tap Empactant Defi 8 A peedsx 36 a q a 60 ie ie ~&s Cc de 2. Mab a palix. Condi tien. le. pa propix. cordition eode, but _clecodable .Alsa.. st #S- “instantanous..code" Bri eOron! bo KX KX 3 o-Ll.o. a cannes “be - deco cle new, th = Aas. te..wait.fec.0- be. decade A$ X pono “Cade. bt is a.tree- Code —> Unique gz instantaneas. eel Pee. cade letter Fe ech —— 63 Alote Bat, in this. aanner, se assignment ech Code. leHer.is..aith equal... prob. .avel! France AK 1 EAPO nn (TS eade So alsiped a teee cade = _SorisSies “peekix comd’ Mem. Fis. wskaukenows. (Also noke. thad. this..method amy nob give e= min. as we..force. Max..Satcopy..at each. £062... node.,.ane nace ata time. The lestcase must. treak..the nodes Jointly . coe Wp 66 | TB) Xn Phe isk oh = Such —cthak— a 67 Let us. See..Gome -excamples..on Shauenm Ean. au el Huffmon. Codea———————— : Celiac ae = = S).e.-A0e _ Pp Ge a = ; i ) P.+ BP, Co : af i. | ; 3) Dp _ | oe oy eM: = | err a e ay ; he - 1. For cdiscrehe- mamoraless = Clremnels Cenc onal LntsoPyis.Qe 73 O. Poskerecs PLXW) = PONIR 2 Gp) eR VON PAY OP PPL omc x » KN olues. a Yolues -»). aint Exkrapys : Eh Wixiy de re ~ ple sy) Lege yay) - ACY) = = (ley Pa} . ae (es) | Gd) | HA%,Y)os. A YIX) 4 HX) - >) Cprove. ob) a HN) 2 7 We AK) ond WW) ose called A magn “Mote Rat 2X Oe nelateck ule ae. sraconal apd) .beR sce. Loomsmnission:. The claseeven wn certainly _ _eowk % 1S. WO... —> ») ARK Aromsemissien:. ( Galleck, all ¥) Ko closecven..Uuncembeiaky = WAY) ew if we. Leb a in Qoemabion...sapphy he eawneh equals ZUG) Fain 3 They) 2A 00 = ANY) — : A x befere. Se betes Frans Leos. | How ines aa a Shao Ane 15 Alse ARe. aa sat oy Ake aia “Uasks| sec) Condit ome Sek copy- Ass ve w capacity of BSE: _FOGY eH HL) 6 oo = Ein. AL a Se | 76 AX) = EL Laon | As mts “Wate tat ute Cannot. ole pen deut..n. Hre..claa (Ooy).2 AON = hPL aos eh. Finally = Ci ok. f HON} COOP) PoP, Se : jie bio. Het AM amen ad When POPPA thichoceucs. lath... PaMe TTT Tee AS WLPY |. . bas chand use Ser 5c aw 7 3) aR Ate Shsenoed ae ARSEE (rendon eccecs )... 1 al | receivers _choices..of te Same 2 jroup 6 |.cbecader.. to —» Channel maker x= uf The. enckti ene | EnkcoPy = A A AYA )2.= x PLD Ney. Pay). = hte) ¢ aS H(YIX\ = Fy MOP = hhp) imited. to the I hee cea. available... at tee. transmitter. “Re ..soltt- decisian eceiue ae -cen...expancled..... Sleetien “ef Choicea Fe. gels Ly of Hee... rece ved..Symloo| te Pa nme Te simplest. foc i seth _ ES in.cli.cadte. net = Gu... S69 00, 0 Se. Cores pendian recerved. -. 4G a9 a oa Communi cole, “Sion. aymbel is 79 Woe WU GP) PY. Breer a cud bbe pechihieud’ whe cuosabs. Such hed _kremsikicn .mebak. Bor tech Sswlesek Ras Mouss.. cihetk. ace. Permutation... X each o: Goncl__Columus..-re att ace Tpecmurs vo nh Oe ~ RD > Bsc. Jeausibien..mad cic — COWws..are. = Pema inn nae it. - . : Celumus..o..0 “a a” POE) _effbet i nelse. _loes ne: a1 Sef iotet symbols | he above is as. follows. 84 = a Eccoc.. Control. coding i= Exror Control coding yas opposed Zé “Source Co Cacling dds redundancy te infecmadion in order. te Compensake Por he cftects Forder ecear. cacceskion LEE GA)_Awkomakic ~Repeak. Request (ARG) : ARQ, ecrecs ave _debecked ond the | eceiver.asks othe Sromsmittea th _seleconsmits! cehe ecconeens “packebs.— a> The advonhage A ARQ 5 Ae Sow avecXweadl, | Youd. rhe dis advantage A$ $e daciclle._delar_ hot makes vk owsukalole Bor saline | app licariens. = ee — Uy Mece., we Focus on. FEC coding = Block Cades map co k-dimensional Veber 13 ee w—_idimensional, Neckor . TY we limite cucsel Cone 08. binacy.cedea, the number 4 k- dimensicnal_ vectors ~(binaey).is.. 25 So, uke only need 2 A Yeckecs.. im. a= dimensional Space eos. | = of. 2" ~~ 3 | 85 | | | | | Ju! eelese: 2* Valid. vecters Chinary stings) are Called _ @odewerds. oc Code veckers, - 5 Since Khe number of na dimensional. vectors 45. 2, amd ure. only Suse. 2% oR them, Ber. every, codevosrd, “thece. ace. a eg Q =) inva lid vectecs Ls Tf the choice..of the. 2° codemecds is such that they are matimally apact Prom ont another, Sraen..the Chance One .Osdevsord eins, mistaken Kec one wer iS! Swadl w [seuece| P| ~Gremes\ | _OE ____| block “[_Evceden | black 1 n “2 passibihity Ne) TR, 4-18. defined. as The... code. OR © TDelne Ca Hof Pei) bis = x Chuck bits Kn - a Ik. « Deine Phe..c]p. Codeword. Necker igpone oder Ry Rove Be) mad. ca “exer bo a@b a7 Gy ce LS = a ~ v oO os - The Coderooeds..ace (006). (O11), Cet), amd. LA 10). he codewords are Sasd che. ee ere | Paris. aS. OG OS so... Thus, eck one. eccec code_is Said te be _lineac_if the Sum._| A __Cade coeds. yee OQ . Codsussed hak] + The ppacity cheek squabiens.con. Vector makeix Room: ieee eae nett! Cidedkihy maberX is _ Ps kK xe Paris, check. cacto, “The first. k.Compenents. of. ang..Code vector Ace =the. Compoments..ob the mess. Necler m+ Such a Code 3S Called TS. \be “sgtenedic 88 epresen bation Por the (32,2) Pecihy Cheeks code. 89 _ oo Given Phe aloaus...cdabiaibieny— — a EK (000,110). 4 Tecefore, at. the .receiver.,..ore receive. (Sa Gey) or Ss OG OH ~ - }-—.-- put, SS Sy NO. Levee. accucedl Ip. Ss fo-> error. occuced “Moke. thak Por any.generaber mabeiX, Gy thee exists amateix H Such that: GH = 0. \ his memes. “thal oon cas. ‘oh. Wois -os¥hogenal HG COS hee See co _ “then We (Ss Qe an On e.croe _Oceneeeh).. Tn General, rhe number of errors “thal Com Corrected by Code ts Given by: ca) oe Mls lacgesk inbegu &X called. error Floor Sn. Whece, EX. For the (3,2,2) Code nin ( — = \Belys Wie O43. => te apjs et That is the (312,2) code Con only Correct ene. Channel ercer. 2 Remember, he numorr. ch ercors’ thet Con ve dAebected is = du-1. ¥ ele US mors See hous Com we debeck and Rerenck errars wNinly sew ple Vac blocs code. Ex. In Class ie

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