Example, (Design of RC T-Sections)

The T-beam section shown in figure below has a web width, b𝑤, of 250 mm, a flange width, b,
of 1000mm, a flange thickness of 100 mm, and an effective depth, d, of 365 mm. Determine the
necessary reinforcement if the applied factored moment is 380 kN.m.
Given: f'c= 21 MPa and fy = 414 MPa.

Solution
1. Check the position of the neutral axis; the section may be rectangular. Assume the depth
of compression block a is 100 mm; that is, a = hf = 100 mm
Then:

(
∅ M f n= ∅ 0.85 f 'c b e h f d −
hf
2 )
∅ M n=0.9 ×0.85 × 21× 1000× 100× 365− ( 100
2 )
×10−6 = 506 kN.m
¿Mu, applied=380 kN.m

∴ Rectangule Section Design ( singly Reinforcement )

Determine the area of tension steel, considering a rectangular section , b=1000 mm, and
d=365 mm

Mu 380× 10
6
R= 2
= 2
=3.17
∅bd 0.9× 1000 ×365

fy 414
m= '
= =23.2
0.85∗f c
0.85 ×21
 ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 mR
fy ] [ √
= 1 1− 1− 2 ×23.3 ×3.17 = 0.0085
23.2 414 ]
∴ A s=0.0085∗1000∗365=3103 mm2

Use 25 mm steel bars, As, bar=491 mm2

3103
No. of bars = =6.32 …… Use 6-Ø25 mm +2-Ø10
491

1000 mm

100
2-Ø10

365
Ø10@ …..
450 mm
6-Ø25 mm +2-Ø10

250

 Check the strain for the steel reinforcements…..

1000 kN.m
1. Design of section (E) at mid-span: Mu = + 1000 kN.m. Assuming two rows of bars,
d= 550-40-10-28-14 =458mm
Now, Calculate the moment capacity of the flange using a = 100mm:

Then:

(
∅ M n (¿ flange)=∅ 0.85 f 'c be h f d−
hf
2 )
∅ M n=0.9 ×0.85 × 23× 1200 × 100× 458− ( 100
2 ) −6
×10 = 861.5 kN.m
¿Mu, applied=1000 kN.m

∴ T −Section Design
'
0.85 f c ( b−bw ) h f 0.85 ×23 × ( 1 2 00−400 ) × 100 2
A sf = = =3778 m m
fy 414
 M uw =M u−M uf

⟹ M uw =1000−861.5=138.5 kN . m , to find A sw ;

M uw 138.5 ×10
6
R= 2
= 2
=1.834
∅bd 0.9× 400 × 458

fy 414
m= '
= =21.18
0.85∗f c
0.85 ×23

ρw =
1
m[ √
1− 1−
2 mR
fy ] [ √
= 1 1− 1− 2 ×21.18 × 1.834 = 0.00466
21.18 414 ]
∴ A s w =0.0 0466∗400∗458=854 mm 2
2
A s= A sf + A sw =3778+854=4632 mm

0.628∗0.85∗0.85∗23
∗600
ρmax =0.628∗ρb =
414
600+414
∗
( 458+28+14 )
458 (
=0.0 01628 )
Max As = Asf (flange) + 𝜌max(b𝑤d)(web)
2 2
→ A s , max=3778+ ( 0.01 628∗400∗458 )=6761m m < A s=4632 mm Ok.

{
1.4
∗400∗458=620 mm2 … … ..control
414
A s ,min =
√ 23 ∗400∗458=531 m m2
4∗414

Also, A s> A s ….. OK.

Use 28 mm steel bars, As, bar=615 mm2

4632
No. of bars = =7.53 …… Use 8-Ø28 mm
615

As,prov.= 4920 mm2

Check the strain if steel reinforcement at tension fiber:

ε s= ( )
d t−c
c
∗0.003

d t =458+ 28+14=500 mm
 a 1 854∗414
c= = × =43.7 mm
β 1 0.85 0.85∗28∗400

ε s= ( 500−43.7
43.7 )
∗0.003=0.0313 >0.00507……… OK Ø=0.9

2. Design of section (B) or (C) at mid-span: Mu = + 360 kN.m

Rectangule Section Design ( singly Reinforcement )

Determine the area of tension steel, considering a rectangular section , b=400 mm, and d=458
mm

Mu 360 ×10
6
R= 2
= 2
=4.767
∅bd 0.9× 400 × 458

fy 414
m= '
= =23.2
0.85∗f c
0.85 ×21

ρ=
1
m[ √
1− 1−
2 mR
fy ] [ √
= 1 1− 1− 2 ×23. 2 ×4.767 = 0.0137
23.2 414 ]
∴ A s=0.0 137∗400∗458=2509 mm2

Use 28 mm steel bars, As, bar=615 mm2

2509
No. of bars = =4.1 …… Use 5-Ø28 mm
615

As, prov.=615 *5 = 3075mm2

Check the strain if steel reinforcement at tension fiber:

ε s= ( d −c
c )
t
∗0.003

d t =458+ 28+14=500 mm

a 1 3075∗414
c= = × =133.72 mm
β 1 0.85 0.85∗28∗400
ε s= ( 500−133.72
133.72 )
∗0.003=0.00821> 0.00507……… OK Ø=0.9

B A
2-Ø28 mm

B A 3-Ø28 mm
5-Ø28 mm

10 m

100
2-Ø28

458 mm
Ø10@ …..
550 mm
8-Ø28 mm

Section A-A
400
100
2-Ø28

458 mm
Ø10@ …..
550 mm
8-Ø28 mm

400 Section B-B