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Second Order System

The document discusses poles and zeros and their effect on control system stability and design. It then covers the time responses of first and second order systems, including overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped responses. Key concepts explained include damping ratio, natural frequency, peak time, overshoot, and settling time. Various problems are presented regarding determining the damping status of systems based on their time responses.

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Abhilasha Saksena
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39 views32 pages

Second Order System

The document discusses poles and zeros and their effect on control system stability and design. It then covers the time responses of first and second order systems, including overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped responses. Key concepts explained include damping ratio, natural frequency, peak time, overshoot, and settling time. Various problems are presented regarding determining the damping status of systems based on their time responses.

Uploaded by

Abhilasha Saksena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Systems

A. Saksena

1
Poles & Zeros

2
Effect of Poles and Zeros
● The locations of the poles, and the values of the real and imaginary parts of
the pole determine the response of the system.
● Real parts correspond to exponentials, and imaginary parts correspond to
sinusoidal values.
● Addition of poles to the transfer function has the effect of making the system
less stable.
● Addition of zeros to the transfer function has the effect of making the system
more stable.
● Control systems, in the most simple sense, can be designed simply by
assigning specific values to the poles and zeros of the system.

3
Time Response of First Order System

4
Prolem

5
Problem

6
Second Order System

7
General Second-Order System

8
Second-Order System: Over Damped

9
Second-Order System: Undamped

10
Second-Order System: Critically Damped

11
Second-Order System: Under Damped

12
Damping Ratio & Natural Frequency
● The damping ratio is defined as the number of oscillations in a system that
can decay or restrain after an interruption and it is a dimensionless
measurement.
● The damping ratio is denoted by ζ (zeta)
● The natural frequency of a second-order system is the frequency of oscillation
of the system without damping
● The natural frequency is denoted by symbol ⍵n and is frequency of oscillation
of system if no damping was present

13
Standard Form of Second Order System

14
General Form of Second Order System: Overdamped

15
General Form of Second Order System: Critically Damped

16
General Form of Second Order System: Undamped

17
General Form of Second Order System: Under Damped

18
Underdamped Time Response of Second Order System

19
Transient Response of Underdamped System

20
Transient Response of Underdamped System

21
Peak Time

22
Overshoot

23
Settling Time

24
Problems

25
Problem

26
Problem

27
Problem

28
Problems

29
Damping Status of a System

30
Time Response of Under Damped System

31
Problem

32

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