Chapter 2 Normal Distribution
Chapter 2 Normal Distribution
DISTRIBUTION
P R E S E N T E R : I VO N N E E . S E M I L A
Lesson 1: Understanding the normal
curve distribution
Lesson 2: Understanding the z-scores
Lesson 3: Identifying the regions of
areas under the normal curve
Lesson 4: Determining probabilities
Lesson 5: Locating percentiles under
the normal curve
Lesson 6: Applying the normal curve
concepts in problem solving
Lesson 1
Understanding the
Normal Curve
Distribution
In reality, if a distribution consists of a very large
number of cases and the three measures of
averages(mean, median, and mode) are equal, then
the distribution is symmetrical and the skewness is 0.
In statistics, such distribution is called normal distribution
or simply normal curve.
PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
1. The distribution curve is bell-
shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical about its
center.
3. The mean, median, and the mode
coincide at the center.
4. The width of the curve is
determined by the standard
deviation of the distribution.
PROPERTIES OF THE
NORMAL PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
5. The tails of the curve flatten out
indefinitely along the horizontal axis,
always approaching the axis but never
touching it.
6. The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it
represents the Probability or Proportion
or the percentage associated with
specific sets of measurement values.
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE (Z-TABLE)
X − X −X
z= or z=
Four-Step Process
SD
Step 1: Express Step 2: Using the
in Finding the the given value z-table, find the
Areas Under the
Normal Curve into a three- first two digits on
Given a z-value digit form the left column
A Standard NC is a
Step 4. Read the area(or Step 3. Match the normal probability
probability) at the third digit with the
intersection of the row appropriate distribution that has a
and the column. This is column on the mean μ=0 and a
the required area. right
standard deviation σ=1.
EXERCISE 1
Example:
1. Reading Scores
Given the μ=50 and σ=4. Find the
z-value that corresponds to a score X=58.
EXPLORING THE
Z-SCORE
2. Score in Statistics Quiz
Locate the z-value that
corresponds to Statistics score of 39
given that μ=45 and σ=6.
3. Scores in Science Test
Given X=20, x=26 and s=4.
Compute the corresponding z-score.
The phrases below average and above average familiar
expressions. People frequently use these to describe
academic performance.
Suppose you have the population values 50 and
80 and that their corresponding z-scores are -1
and 2, respectively. Is it possible to determine the
population’s mean and standard deviation? If so,
what are these values? If not, explain why it is
impossible.
There are three grades in a report card that you
want to interpret in terms of performance:
Mathematics(75), English(85), and Science(90).
The means are 72, 83, and 88, respectively. Is the
information sufficient for you to compare the
grades? If so, discuss your processes. If not, explain
why it is impossible.
DETERMINE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
AREAS AND SHOW THESE GRAPHICALLY
PERCENTILES AND
A P P L I C AT I O N
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER THE NORMAL
CURVE
Analysis: By definition of
𝑃95 , this means locating an area
before the point. We want to know the
z-value is at this point.