CHE 026L LAS 10 - Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Course Code: CHE026L
Laboratory Activity Sheet #10
Name: Group number:

Section: Schedule: Date:________________
ACTIVITY NO. 10
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
Learning objectives:
 To identify saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons using properties and reactions.
Discussion:
Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen and may be saturated or
unsaturated. Hydrocarbons are considered as parent compounds of many organic compounds. The main chain of
hydrocarbons is made by the C-C bonds, and hydrogen atoms are attached to carbon atoms in the main chain.
Based on the presence of single or multiple bonds between carbon atoms, hydrocarbons are classified into two
groups namely: saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The main difference between saturated
and unsaturated hydrocarbon is that saturated hydrocarbons contain only single covalent bonds between carbon
atoms, whereas unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple covalent bond in the main chain.
Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons show different characteristics because of these structural differences.
Examples of saturated hydrocarbons include alkanes and cycloalkane families of hydrocarbons. Meanwhile, there
are three types of unsaturated hydrocarbons, namely;
(a) alkenes- containing one or more double bond (C=C),
(b) alkynes- containing one or more triple bonds (C≡C), and
(c) aromatic hydrocarbons- consisting of a delocalized bonding resulting in a six-membered carbon ring.
Procedures:
A. Physical properties
Density and solubility
1. Place 10 drops of the four hydrocarbons in separate test tubes and label appropriately:
i. Toluene
ii. Hexane
iii. Cyclohexene
iv. 1-hexyne
2. Add 10 drops of water to each test tube.
3. Check the solubility of the hydrocarbons with water. Record your observations
4. Repeat procedures 1-3. This time, use ethyl alcohol instead of water.
5. Record your observations.
6. Take a picture of your work.
Refractive index
1. Place one drop hexane on the testing prism and view the refractive index of the substance.
2. Record the result.
3. Repeat the same procedure using toluene, cyclohexene, 1-hexyne.
4. Record your results.
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

B. Chemical Properties
Reaction with Bromine water
i. Toluene
ii. Hexane
iii. Cyclohexene
iv. 1-hexyne
2. Add 15 drops of 1% Bromine water to the hydrocarbons. Mix thoroughly using a stirring rod.
3. Record the time needed for the bromine color to dissipate. Record the results.
Reaction with Potassium permanganate

i. Toluene
ii. Hexane
iii. Cyclohexene
iv. 1-hexyne
2. Add 10 drops of 1% aqueous potassium permanganate to each of the test tubes. Observe the result
and record.
Reaction with sulfuric acid

i. Toluene
ii. Hexane
iii. Cyclohexene
iv. 1-hexyne
2. Place the test tubes in an ice bath carefully. Do not allow ice or water to get into the tubes.
3. Add 5 drops concentrated sulfuric acid into the test tube by allowing it to flow through the wall of the
test tube
4. Observe the result and record.

Name: ______________________________________________ Group number: __________________

Section: __________________ Schedule: __________________ Date: _________________________
ACTIVITY NO. 10
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
A. Physical Properties
Density and Solubility
Paste a picture of your work.
Observation/s:
HYDROCARBON WATER ALCOHOL
Toluene
Hexane
Cyclohexene
1-hexyne
Refractive index
HYDROCARBON REFRACTIVE INDEX

Toluene
Hexane
Cyclohexene
1-hexyne

B. Chemical Properties
Paste a picture of your work.
Reaction with Bromine water Reaction with Potassium permanganate
Reaction with sulfuric acid
Observations:
HYDROCARBON BROMINE WATER POTASSIUM CONC. SULFURIC ACID
PERMANGANATE
Toluene
Hexane
Cyclohexene
1-hexyne

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Write the chemical reactions occurring between the hydrocarbons and bromine water, potassium
permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid.
2. How do the densities and polarities of saturated and unsaturated compounds compare?
3. Compare the reactivity of unsaturated compounds with the reactivity of alkanes.

CHE 026L LAS 10 - Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHE 026L LAS 10 - Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHE 026L LAS 10 - Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Course Code: CHE026L

Laboratory Activity Sheet #10

Name: Group number:

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Reaction with Potassium permanganate

Reaction with sulfuric acid

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Name: ____________________________ Group number:

HYDROCARBON REFRACTIVE INDEX

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Reaction with Bromine water Reaction with Potassium permanganate

Reaction with sulfuric acid

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

3. Compare the reactivity of unsaturated compounds with the reactivity of alkanes.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

You might also like