Chapter – 5

Database operations
Marks- 14

Content outline:
5.1 Introduction to MySQL-create a database
5.2 Connecting to MySQL database- MySQL database server from PHP
5.3 Database operations- Insert data, retrieving the query result
5.4 Update and delete operations on table data

5.1 Introduction to MySQL-create a database

Q. How to create database in MySQL?
Ans:
• In MySQL, database is created with the command “CREATE DATABASE <database
name>;”
Command execution:
mysql> create database student;
• To check already existing databases in the system, use the command “SHOW
DATABASES;”
mysql> show databases;
This command will display all the databases present in MySQL.
• To use the created database, use the command “USE <database name>;”
mysql> use student;
• Creating table
The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create table in database.
Syntax: CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype[size], column2 datatype[size],
………….);
mysql> create table stud_info (name varchar(50), rollno integer(3));

• Inserting record into table

After creation of table the insert command is used to insert data in the table.
Syntax: INSERT into table_name values(value1, value2, ……..);
mysql> insert into stud_info values((”Akshay”,1), (“Sachin”,2),(“Ram”,3));

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

1
Q. List features of MySQL.
Ans:
- It has broad set of ANSI SQL 99 as well as extensions.
- Cross platform support
- Allows nested SELECT statements
- Supports triggers, cursors, and stored procedures.
- Allows views modifications
- Embedded database library
- Supports commit grouping
- Built-in replication support (master-master and master-slave replication)

5.2 Connecting to MySQL database- MySQL database server from PHP

Q. How do you connect to server with PHP? Explain with example.
Ans:
PHP provides the method mysql_connect() to open a database connection.
Syntax: connection mysql_connect(server, user, password, new_link,client_flag);
Parameters:
server – is optional parameter. It is the name of host where database server is running. The default
value is localhost
user – it is optional parameter. It is the name of user who is accessing database.
password – it is password of user who access the database. The default is empty password.
new_link – on second call for connection, without creating new connection, the identifier of existing
connection is returned.
client_flag – protocol.

Q. List database handling functions

Ans:
mysqli_connect() Opens a new connection to MySQL server
mysqli_close() Closes a preciously opened database connection
mysqli_connect_errno() Returns the error code from the last connection error
mysqli_connect_error() Returns the error description from the last connection error

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

2
mysqli_query() Performs the query against the database
mysqli_fetch_all() Fetches all result rows as an associative array, numeric array or
both
mysqli_fetch_assoc() Fetches result row as an associative array
mysqli_fetch_row() Fetches one row from a result set
mysqli_field_count() Returns the number of columns for the most recent query
mysqli_num_rows() Returns the number of rows in a result set

5.3 Database operations- Insert data, retrieving the query result

Q. How to create connection with MySQL database using PHP?
Ans:
To create connection with MySQL database using PHP, execute mysqli_connect() function.
Syntax:

$conn = mysqli_connect (server_name, user_name, password, database_name);

server_name – is the name of server. Default value is “localhost”.

user_name – is the name of user.
password – is the password set to the specified user_name.
database_name – is the name of database to which connection to be created.

Example:
<?php
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","stud");
// Check connection
if($conn)
echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";
?>

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

3
Q. How to retrieve data or explain how to fetch a result?
Ans:
<?php
$conn = mysqli_connect ("localhost","root", "", "stud");
if($conn)
echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";

$sql = "SELECT * FROM stud_data";

//Mysqli_query($conn,$sql);
$result = $conn->query($sql);
if ($result->num_rows > 0)
{
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc())
{
echo "Roll No: " . $row["rno"];
echo " Name: " . $row["name"]. "<br>";
}
}
else
{
echo "No results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Q. How to insert data? Explain with suitable example

Ans:
1. Insert static data
<?php
$connection=mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","stud");
if($connection)

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

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 echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";

$insert = mysqli_query($connection,"insert into stud_data(rno, name) values (1, “Ram”)”);

if($insert==1)
echo "Record inserted Successfully";
else
echo "Data insertion failed";
$conn->close();
?>

2. Insert data from user entered through form

<html>
<head>
<title>Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$connection = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","stud");
if($connection)
echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";
$name=$_GET['uname'];
$rn=$_GET['urn'];
$insert=mysqli_query($connection,"insert into stud_data(rno, name) values ('$rn', '$name')");
if($insert==1)
echo "Record inserted Successfully";
else
echo "Data insertion failed";
$connection->close();
?>
</body>

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

5
 </html>

Q. How to update data? Explain with suitable example.

Ans:
<?php
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","stud");
// Check connection
if($conn)
echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";

$sql = "UPDATE stud_data SET name='Ramesh' WHERE rno=3";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: ";
}

$conn->close();
?>

Q. How to delete data? Explain with suitable example.

Ans:
<?php
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","stud");
if($conn)
echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";
$sql = "DELETE FROM stud_data WHERE rno=2";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE)

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

6
 {
echo "Record deleted successfully";
}
else
{
echo "Error deleting record: ";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Q. Write a program to display list of tables from database.

Ans:
<?php
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost","root");
// Check connection
if($conn)
echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";

$dbname='Student';
$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM $dbname";
$result = mysqli_query($conn,$sql);
echo "<br>List of tables present in database-".$dbname;
if($result)
{
while($row=mysqli_fetch_row($result))
{
echo "<br>".$row[0];
}
}
else
{

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

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 echo "No tables exists";
}
$conn->close();
?>
Q. Write a program to display data in table on webpage.
Ans:
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 15px;
}
</style>
<title>Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost","root");
// Check connection
if($conn)
echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";

$select=mysqli_query($conn,"select * from stud_data");

$cnt=0;
?>

<table >
<thead>

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

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 <tr>
<th>Sr. No</th>
<th>Roll No</th>
<th>Name</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<?php
while ($fetch=mysqli_fetch_array($select)) {
extract($fetch);
?>
<tr>
<th><?php echo ++$cnt ?></th>
<th><?php echo $fetch['rno'] ?></th>
<th><?php echo $fetch['name'] ?></th>
</tr>
<?php
}
$conn->close();
?>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Q. Write a PHP script to read account information for customer name, account_no, account_type,
branch_name, city, amount from Account table and display all these information in table format.
Ans:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","Account");
// Check connection
if($conn)

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

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 echo "Connection established";
else
echo "Connection fail";

$sql = "select * from Account";

$result = $conn->query($sql);
?>

<table border=’1’>
<tr><th>Name</th><th>Account No</th><th>Account
Type</th><th>Branch</th><th>City</th><th>Amount</th></tr>

<?php
$rows = $result->num_rows;
for($k=0;$k<$rows;$k++)
{
$result->data_seek($k);
$row = $result->fetch_array(MYSQLI_NUM); ?>
<tr><td> <?php echo $row[0] ?> </td><td> <?php echo $row[1] ?> </td><td> <?php
echo $row[2] ?> </td><td> <?php echo $row[3] ?> </td><td> <?php echo $row[4] ?></td><td>
<?php echo $row[5] ?> </td></tr>
<?php
}
$conn->close();
?>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Notes By- G. R. Jagtap

10