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Files in C

File handling in C allows storing data permanently on disk. Files are created and accessed using file pointers and functions like fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite() allow performing operations like reading, writing, opening and closing files. Common file I/O functions getc() and putc() are used to read and write individual characters to files, while fread() and fwrite() can read and write arrays of structures from files.

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21 views2 pages

Files in C

File handling in C allows storing data permanently on disk. Files are created and accessed using file pointers and functions like fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite() allow performing operations like reading, writing, opening and closing files. Common file I/O functions getc() and putc() are used to read and write individual characters to files, while fread() and fwrite() can read and write arrays of structures from files.

Uploaded by

kiway68577
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File Handling in C Language

A file represents a sequence of bytes on the disk where a group of related data is stored. File is created for
permanent storage of data. It is a ready made structure.

In C language, we use a structure pointer of file type to declare a file.

FILE *fp;

C provides a number of functions that helps to perform basic file operations. Following are the functions,

Function description
fopen() create a new file or open a existing file
fclose() closes a file
getc() reads a character from a file
putc() writes a character to a file
fscanf() reads a set of data from a file
fprintf() writes a set of data to a file
getw() reads a integer from a file
putw() writes a integer to a file
fseek() set the position to desire point
ftell() gives current position in the file
rewind() set the position to the begining point
Opening a File or Creating a File
fp= fopen( file_name, file_mode)

mode description
r opens a text file in reading mode
w opens or create a text file in writing mode.
a opens a text file in append mode
r+ opens a text file in both reading and writing mode
w+ opens a text file in both reading and writing mode
a+ opens a text file in both reading and writing mode
rb opens a binary file in reading mode
wb opens or create a binary file in writing mode
ab opens a binary file in append mode
rb+ opens a binary file in both reading and writing mode
wb+ opens a binary file in both reading and writing mode
ab+ opens a binary file in both reading and writing mode

Input/Output operation on File


In the above table we have discussed about various file I/O functions to perform reading and writing on file.
getc() and putc() are simplest functions used to read and write individual characters to a file.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
fp = fopen("one.txt", "w");
printf("Enter data");
while( (ch = getchar()) != '$') {
putc(ch,fp);
}
fclose(fp);
fp = fopen("one.txt", "r");

while( (ch = getc(fp)! = EOF)


printf("%c",ch);

fclose(fp);
}

Note: This program will read the input character wise from user until a '$' is pressed. Then display the
contents of the file in console.
Reading and Writing from File using fwrite() and fread()
** C program to write all the members of an array of structures to a file using fwrite(). Read the array
from the file and display on the screen.

#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
char name[50];
int height;
};
int main(){
struct student stud1[5], stud2[5];
FILE *fptr;
int i;

fptr = fopen("file.txt","wb");
for(i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
fflush(stdin);
printf("Enter name: ");
gets(stud1[i].name);

printf("Enter height: ");


scanf("%d", &stud1[i].height);
}

fwrite(stud1, sizeof(stud1), 1, fptr);


fclose(fptr);

fptr = fopen("file.txt", "rb");


fread(stud2, sizeof(stud2), 1, fptr);
for(i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
printf("Name: %s\nHeight: %d", stud2[i].name, stud2[i].height);
}
fclose(fptr);
}

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