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BI206 Tutorial 9

The document summarizes three questions from a quantitative biology tutorial. Question 1 analyzes data on raised blood pressure rates between males and females in a Pacific Island country, performing a chi-squared test to check for an association between gender and blood pressure. Question 2 examines mantid foraging behaviors at different plant stages, presenting chi-squared test results in Part A and count data in Part B. Question 3 uses chi-squared testing to analyze breeding frequencies of endangered bats across three sites on an island.

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72 views2 pages

BI206 Tutorial 9

The document summarizes three questions from a quantitative biology tutorial. Question 1 analyzes data on raised blood pressure rates between males and females in a Pacific Island country, performing a chi-squared test to check for an association between gender and blood pressure. Question 2 examines mantid foraging behaviors at different plant stages, presenting chi-squared test results in Part A and count data in Part B. Question 3 uses chi-squared testing to analyze breeding frequencies of endangered bats across three sites on an island.

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tupolapelesia
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BI206: Quantitative Biology

TUTORIAL 9

Question 1:

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 70-75% of all deaths in the Pacific Region. One risk
factor for NCDs is raised blood pressure. In the table below are the number of males and females in one
Pacific Island country that is reported to have raised blood pressure. Test whether there is an
association between gender and raised blood pressure. In your answer, include a null and alternative
hypothesis, all relevant details for your calculations, and an interpretive sentence.

Male Female
32697 24854
Null Hypothesis: There is no association between gender and raised blood pressure.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is an association between gender and raised blood pressure.

Question 2:

You are investigating whether certain life stages of mantids prefer to forage for food on certain parts of
plants. You do this by counting the number of nymphs, adolescents and adults that you find on the
upper leaf, lower leaf, stalk and flower bud of various plant species at evenly spaced time intervals over
the day and week. You analyse your total count data in R. Two different sections of your results (i.e.,
Part A and Part B) are shown overleaf.

Part A
X-squared = 163.11, df = 6, p-value = 4.3e-12

Part B
Nymph Adolescent Adult
Upper leaf -3.8667632 -2.331958 9.714250
Lower leaf 0.1190584 4.460172 -1.447539
Stem 0.8119799 2.440493 2.639889
Bud 3.3142912 0.219383 -2.188342

a) What type of statistical test was run in Part A?


- Chi-squared test
b) What is the main assumption that must be satisfied in order to run the test in Part A?
- Is that the data collected independently and that the expected number of observations in each
category is greater than or equal to 5.
c) Write an interpretive sentence for the result listed in Part A.
- The result in Part A suggests that there is a significant association between the different
categories being analyzed, as indicated by the low p-value.
d) Write at least three (3) summary sentences based on the results shown in Part B. You must
indicate what values are being presented in this section, the key trends that are apparent in
regard to the association between mantid life stages and where they forage, and the criteria
that you used to make your assessment.
-

Question 3

A mammalogist seeks to investigate breeding activity in Fijian flying fox populations on Taveuni Island.
She counts 22 pregnant females in Somosomo, 19 in Vuna, and 39 in Lavena and then tests to see if the
endangered bats are breeding at similar frequencies at the three sites using α=0.05. Her results are
shown below:

Chi-squared test for given probabilities

data: mirimiri
X-squared = 8.725, df = 2, p-value = 0.01275

a) Was her result significant? How do you know?

b) Write an interpretive sentence for her output.

c) What is the critical test statistic value?

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