‭VIDEO 1: Question and Answer Worksheet: Computer‬

‭Networks and Cisco Packet Tracer‬

‭The purpose of the lecture series on computer networks is to provide individuals with‬
t‭he necessary information to diagnose and resolve issues that may arise in computer‬
‭networks‬‭.‬

‭Define a computer network according to the lecture‬

‭ computer network is defined as a group of electronic devices that are connected to‬
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‭facilitate communication and resource sharing among them.‬

‭What are three benefits highlighted by the lecturer regarding computer networks?‬

-‭ The ability to transmit and receive data, including images, text, audio, and video.‬
‭- Resource sharing, including hardware like printers, digital assets like files, and‬
‭applications.‬
‭- Time and cost savings, particularly in comparison to traditional methods such as postal‬
‭services.‬

‭How does the lecturer explain the significance of IP addresses in a network?‬

‭ very device on a network that communicates and transmits data must have a unique‬
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‭IP address. IP addresses serve as unique identifiers for devices on the network and are‬
‭essential for effective communication.‬

‭Explain the significance of MAC addresses in a network‬

‭ AC addresses, expressed in hexadecimal format, are unique identifiers associated‬

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‭with network interface cards. They serve to uniquely identify each device's network‬
‭interface on the physical layer of the network.‬

‭Describe the process demonstrated by the lecturer to test communication‬

‭between two PCs using Cisco Packet Tracer‬

‭ he lecturer demonstrates using the 'ping' command within the Command Prompt utility‬
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‭to test communication between two PCs. They input the IP address of the target PC and‬
‭observe the response to determine successful communication.‬
 ‭How does the lecturer illustrate the configuration of IP addresses on PCs using‬
‭Cisco Packet Tracer?‬

‭The lecturer illustrates the manual configuration of IP addresses by accessing the‬

‭network configuration settings within Cisco Packet Tracer. They navigate to the‬
‭appropriate section, such as IPv4 configuration, and input the desired IP address.‬

‭What is the significance of the MAC address obtained through the 'ipconfig'‬
‭command, according to the lecture?**‬

‭ he MAC address, also known as the physical address, uniquely identifies each‬
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‭network interface and is essential for communication on the network.‬

‭What two pieces of networking information does the lecturer emphasize as‬
‭important when analyzing network configurations?‬

‭ he lecturer emphasizes the importance of the MAC address (physical address) and‬
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‭the IPv4 address as critical pieces of information for network analysis and configuration.‬

‭VIDEO 2 Question and Answer Worksheet: Troubleshooting‬

‭Computer Networks with Cisco Packet Tracer‬
‭What is the primary objective of the demonstration provided in the video?‬

‭ he primary objective is to troubleshoot communication issues between two PCs in a‬

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‭network using Cisco Packet Tracer.‬

‭What is the initial error encountered when attempting to troubleshoot the‬

‭network? How is it resolved?‬

‭ he initial error is that one of the devices, PC1, is not powered on, as indicated by an error‬
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‭message. The issue is resolved by ensuring that both devices are powered on.‬
 ‭Describe the troubleshooting method used to test communication between PC1‬
‭and PC2.‬

‭The troubleshooting method involves using the 'ping' command in the Command Prompt utility‬
t‭o test communication. The IP address of PC2 is used as the target address for the ping‬
‭command.‬

‭What discrepancy is discovered regarding the IP address of PC2 during‬

‭troubleshooting? How is it resolved?‬

‭ he discrepancy is that the IP address of PC2 provided in the network diagram does not match‬
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‭the actual IP address obtained from PC2's configuration. The issue is resolved by updating the‬
‭IP address in the network diagram to match the actual configuration.‬

‭Explain the significance of using crossover cables in the physical connection‬

‭between devices in a peer-to-peer network, as demonstrated in the video.**‬

‭ rossover cables are used to connect similar devices directly, such as two PCs in a‬
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‭peer-to-peer network. They facilitate proper communication between devices by‬
‭ensuring the correct transmission of data.‬

‭What troubleshooting steps are recommended when encountering network‬

‭connectivity issues?‬

‭ roubleshooting steps include checking physical connections, ensuring devices are‬

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‭powered on, verifying IP configurations, and assessing the OSI model for deeper‬
‭troubleshooting insights.‬

‭How does the demonstration highlight the importance of accurate IP addressing‬

‭in network communication?‬

‭ he demonstration underscores the importance of accurate IP addressing by‬

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‭showcasing the impact of incorrect IP configurations on communication between‬
‭devices.‬

.‭The OSI model is teased for discussion in upcoming sessions. It is deemed important‬
‭because it provides a structured framework for troubleshooting network issues by‬
‭identifying problems at different layers of the network stack.‬
‭ ummarize the key considerations emphasized for troubleshooting network‬
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‭issues, as outlined in the video.‬

‭ ey considerations include checking physical connections, ensuring devices are‬

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‭powered on, verifying IP configurations, and understanding the OSI model for‬
‭comprehensive troubleshooting.‬

‭ ow does the demonstration reinforce the iterative nature of troubleshooting in‬

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‭network environments?**‬

‭ he demonstration highlights that troubleshooting involves a systematic approach,‬

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‭where issues may be identified and resolved through a series of diagnostic steps, such‬
‭as verifying physical connections, IP configurations, and other network parameters.‬

‭ his worksheet synthesizes the troubleshooting techniques and concepts demonstrated‬

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‭in the video regarding network connectivity issues using Cisco Packet Tracer.‬

‭VIDEO 3 Worksheet: Understanding the OSI Model in‬

‭Computer Networking‬
‭What is the OSI model, and how many layers does it consist of?‬

‭The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model and consists of seven layers.‬

‭Describe the primary focus of Layer 1 (Physical Layer) of the OSI model. Provide‬
‭examples of technologies and devices associated with this layer.‬

‭ ayer 1, the Physical Layer, focuses on the physical characteristics of data transmission, such‬
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‭as the representation of bits over the medium. Examples include copper wire, fiber optic cables,‬
‭wireless mediums, and devices like repeaters, hubs, and modems.‬

‭Explain the role of repeaters, hubs, and modems in the context of the Physical‬
‭Layer‬

‭ epeater amplifies signals to prevent degradation over long distances. Hubs act as multi-port‬
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‭repeaters, amplifying signals and sending them to multiple ports. Modems convert analog‬
‭signals to digital (or vice versa) for transmission over the medium.‬
 ‭**4. Discuss the inclusion of Network Interface Cards (NICs) in the OSI model. Is‬
‭there any debate about its placement within the model?**‬

‭ ICs are considered to operate at Layer 1 or Layer 2. While some classify NICs at‬
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‭Layer 2 due to MAC addresses, they are often included in Layer 1 because they convert‬
‭signals for transmission over the medium.‬

‭Describe the focus and key devices of Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) in the OSI model‬

‭ ayer 2 focuses on devices with intelligence to utilize MAC addresses, such as bridges‬
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‭and switches. These devices facilitate communication within a network by forwarding‬
‭data frames based on MAC addresses.‬

‭What distinguishes a frame at Layer 2 from a packet at Layer 3?‬

‭ frame includes additional information like source and destination MAC addresses,‬
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‭while a packet includes IP addresses in addition to MAC addresses.‬

‭Discuss the significance of the Transport Layer (Layer 4) in the OSI model. What‬
‭additional information is included in a segment at this layer?‬

‭ he Transport Layer manages end-to-end communication, segments data into chunks,‬

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‭assigns sequence numbers for reassembly, and includes port numbers to identify‬
‭services.‬

‭Explain the concept of port numbers and their importance at the Transport Layer.‬
‭Provide an example of a well-known port number and its associated service.‬

‭ ort numbers are logical numbers used to identify services associated with segments.‬
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‭For example, port 80 is commonly associated with HTTP, the Hypertext Transfer‬
‭Protocol.‬

‭What distinguishes Layers 5 to 7 (Application, Presentation, and Session Layers)‬

‭from Layers 1 to 4 in the OSI model?‬

‭ ayers 5 to 7 focus on network services, encryption/decryption, and session‬

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‭management for applications. They format data for transmission and handle‬
‭authentication and authorization.‬
‭How does the TCP/IP model relate to the OSI model? Discuss the similarities and‬
‭differences between the two models.‬

‭ he TCP/IP model mirrors the OSI model's functionality but combines Layers 1 and 2‬
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‭into a single network access layer. Both models include layers for data formatting,‬
‭communication, and physical transmission.‬

‭ his worksheet summarizes the concepts and layers of the OSI model discussed in the‬
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‭video, providing insights into network communication and troubleshooting.‬

‭Worksheet: Foundations of Computer Networks-04 Overview‬

‭of Data Transmission in Computer Networks‬

‭ lient-Server Architecture‬
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‭- Clients request resources from servers.‬
‭- Servers fulfill client requests by sending requested resources.‬
‭- Distinction: Clients initiate requests, and servers respond to requests.‬

‭Key Components in Data Transmission:‬

‭-‬‭Protocol: HTTPS (Secure version of HTTP) used in the example.‬

-‭ Name: Servers have names (e.g., demo.files-app), resolved to IP addresses for‬
‭communication.‬
 ‭- Resource Location: Resources are organized in folders on the server.‬

‭ ata Transmission Process‬

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‭- Client sends an HTTP request for a resource (e.g., an image).‬
‭- Server locates the resource and sends it back as an HTTP response.‬
‭- OSI Model: Data segmented at the transport layer for transmission efficiency.‬

‭ ole of Transport Layer‬

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‭- Data is segmented into chunks, each assigned a sequence number.‬
‭- Port numbers associated with each chunk (e.g., HTTP typically uses port 80).‬
‭- Port numbers aid in directing chunks to appropriate applications on the client.‬

‭Network Layer‬
-‭ Segment includes port number, sequence number, and data.‬
‭- IP addresses (source and destination) added to create packets.‬
‭- Packets move through the network with changing MAC addresses.‬

‭Data Link Layer and Physical Layer‬

-‭ Frames at the data link layer are converted to bits.‬
‭- Bits transmitted over the medium via Network Interface Cards (NICs).‬
‭- Physical connections, like Ethernet, utilize ports and cables.‬

‭Ethernet Connections‬
-‭ RJ-45 cables connect to Ethernet ports.‬
‭- Pins 1 and 2, and pins 3 and 6 are crucial for data transmission and reception.‬
‭- Different types of cables (straight through, crossover) based on device‬
‭transmission/reception patterns.‬

‭Device Classification‬
-‭ Devices categorized based on transmission and reception patterns.‬
‭- PCs, laptops, and routers transmit on pins 1 and 2, and receive on pins 3 and 6.‬
‭- Switches, bridges, and hubs have different transmission/reception patterns.‬

‭ onclusion‬
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‭Understanding data transmission processes, including protocols, addressing, and‬
‭physical connections, is vital in networking to ensure efficient communication between‬
‭devices.‬
‭In the next session, a lab example will provide practical insights into the concepts‬
‭discussed, reinforcing the understanding of the OSI model and client-server‬
‭architecture.‬
 ‭Foundations of Computer Networks-05.mp4‬

‭ cenario Given‬‭: Introduction to Network University: Network University is a physical‬

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‭building with two floors. The HR department is located on floor one, while the payroll‬
‭department is situated on floor two.‬

‭ etworking Objectives: The primary objective is to establish communication within each‬

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‭department (HR and payroll) and enable communication between individuals in HR and‬
‭payroll.‬

‭ opics Covered: The video covers elements of the OSI model, focusing on layers one to‬
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‭three (physical layer, data link layer, and network layer). It also discusses protocols‬
‭relevant to networking and introduces basic commands.‬

I‭ ntroduction to Switches:‬‭Switches are explained as devices that allow‬‭multiple devices‬

‭to connect to a network and facilitate communication between them.‬‭Unlike hubs,‬
‭switches provide targeted communication rather than broadcasting data to all‬
‭connected devices.‬

‭ rossover vs. Straight-through Cables: The video explains the difference between‬
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‭crossover and straight-through cables.‬‭Crossover cables are used to connect similar‬
‭devices (e.g., switch to switch), while straight-through cables are used to connect‬
‭dissimilar devices (e.g., switch to computer‬‭).‬

I‭P Address Configuration: Each device on the network must be assigned an IP address‬
‭to facilitate communication. The video demonstrates how to configure IP addresses‬
‭and subnet masks for devices on the network.‬

‭ nderstanding Network ID: The network ID is derived from the IP address and subnet‬
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‭mask. The video explains how to identify the network ID‬‭based on the positions of "255"‬
‭in the subnet mask.‬

‭ verall, the video provides hands-on experience with setting up a network, configuring‬
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‭devices, and understanding fundamental networking concepts.‬
 ‭Foundations of Computer Networks-06‬

‭ uilding a Network:‬‭The instructor initiates a demonstration of creating a network using‬

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‭simulation software. He plans to connect two PCs to a switch and ensure they can‬
‭communicate with each other.‬

‭ nderstanding Scalability:‬‭The instructor explains the‬‭concept of scalability in‬

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‭networking, highlighting the ability to add or remove devices without impacting the‬
‭network infrastructure.‬‭He emphasizes the importance of considering scalability when‬
‭designing networks.‬

‭ uto-Configuration of Switches‬‭: The instructor explains that‬‭newer switches can‬

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‭auto-configure themselves to work with either crossover or straight-through cables,‬
‭making network setup more flexible‬

‭ verall, the video covers foundational concepts in computer networking, including cable‬
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‭types, device connectivity, scalability, and network design considerations‬

‭Foundations of Computer Networks-07‬

‭ etwork Setup:‬‭The demonstration focuses on setting up a network involving routers,‬

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‭switches, and PCs.‬

I‭ P Addressing‬‭: IP addresses are assigned to devices, with a network address of‬

‭192.168.10.0 for one side and 192.168.20.0 for the other.‬

‭ evice Connections:‬‭PCs are connected to switches using Ethernet cables, with PCs‬
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‭labeled PC1, PC2, and PC3 for clarity.‬

‭ outer Connection:‬‭Switches are connected to the router using straight-through cables,‬

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‭establishing connectivity between networks.‬

I‭ P Configuration:‬‭IP addresses are configured for each PC, with the host number‬
‭corresponding to the PC number.‬

‭ ateway Configuration‬‭: Gateways are set up on the router for each network, with the‬
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‭router IP addresses ending in .24 for simplicity.‬
‭ ort Activation:‬‭Ports on the router are activated to establish connections, ensuring‬
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‭proper data transmission.‬

‭ RP Cache‬‭: The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache is used to map IP addresses‬
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‭to MAC addresses, facilitating data routing.‬

‭ etwork Testing‬‭: Ping commands are used to test network connectivity between PCs‬
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‭on different networks.‬

‭ AC Address Table:‬‭Switches maintain MAC address tables to efficiently forward data‬

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‭to the correct ports.‬

‭ outing Information‬‭: The router's IP route table shows the connected networks and‬
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‭their respective gateways.‬

‭ hese points cover the essential aspects of setting up and configuring a network,‬
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‭including addressing, connectivity, and data routing.‬