ICT Summarized Notes - Quick data transfer

2. Security
3. Cost – Wired connections are less
expensive.
Lesson 6: LAN
Disadvantages of LAN
- Group of devices connected in a
physical location such as a building or 1. Limited Mobility due to Wired
home. Connections.
- It can range to single user to thousands 2. Limited Range due to the length of the
of users in enterprise network. Ethernet cable.
- It is a group of connectors and 3. Complex installation.
connected devices that has a common
communication line to a server. (may be Types of LAN
wireless) 1. Client Server LAN
- Virtualization – development of virtual 2. Peer-to-Peer LAN
LANs. Allows network administrators to 3. Token Bus LAN
group nodes and partition networks. 4. Token Ring LAN
- Allow Logical Connections between 5. Wired LAN
departs in an office. 6. Wireless LAN
- Developed in the 1960s, first used in 7. Cloud Manage
business in the late 70s. Widespread in
73. Benefits of LAN

How does LAN work - Used in daily lives in schools, business,

stores, etc.
- Connects to the internet at a central - Expanded Wireless connectivity
point (router). - Wide range of devices; the gadgets you
- Serves 2 or 3 users (Home Network). have at home are connected to LAN.
- Serves thousands of users (FDDI
Network) Local Area Connection Properties
- Uses Ethernet (physical connection). 1. Client for Microsoft Networks
- Uses WiFi (Radiowave Connection). 2. Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPV4)
- Simplest LANs require a router. 3. LAN Settings
- Larger LANs need additional routers and 4. DHCP Server
switches for efficient data forwarding.
LAN – Single communication that is Wired.
Characteristics of LAN
MAN – Multiple Computers can build
- Transmits high speed and data transfer simultaneous communication links.
flow.
- Flexible WAN - Large group of computers
- Safe and secure and has data security. communicate at a single time. (Wireless)

Advantages of LAN WLAN – Utilize WiFi or Wireless Technology

to connect devices in the same area.
1. Speed
- 100 MBps of 1Gbps
 - Larger, more complex, and more
specialized hardware than home
Lesson 7: Home and Work Networks
networks.
Home Networks - Facilitates communication and
resources sharing.
- Network of devices connected in a - Dedicated servers and specialized
single physical place. hardware.
- Can be both wired and wireless. - Used in small office or other workplace
- Commonly Wired networks.
- Network Discovery is on. - Network discovery is enabled
- You can trust the people using the - CANNOT join or create a homegroup.
network. - No computer has control over the
- You can see other devices. other.
- Can belong to a home group and MUST - No more than 20 Computers.
be long to a workgroup. - NOT PROTECTED by a password.
- A homegroup is protected by a - Each computer has a set of user
password accounts.
Types of Home Networks - All computers must be on the same
local network.
1. Wired
- Use Ethernet or other cable Elements of a secure and reliable network
connections to connect to a router and - Cybersecurity measures: Firewalls,
the internet. antivirus.
- Provide more consistent and reliable - Network protocols: rules that can
connectivity than wireless networks. maintain wide connections.
2. Wireless - Best practices: Strong passwords and
- Wi-Fi or wireless technologies regular chances.
Advantages of Home Networks Advantages of Work Network
- Convenient - Better access to resources and
- Lower Cost advanced features.
- Fewer Security Measures
- File and Resource Sharing Disadvantages of Work Network
- Gaming
- Higher cost and complexity
- Sharing internet connection
- Requires specialized hardware and
Disadvantaged of Home Networks expertise.

- Lower bandwidth and limited Lesson 8: Public and Domain Network

capabilities.
Public Network
- Vulnerable to security interference and
breaches. Increased Security Risk - Anyone in general have access to the
- Fewer Resources network and through it can connect to
- Cost and Privacy Concerns other networks of the internet.
- Open to everyone, no password.
Work Networks
- Keeps your computer invisible. - Needs Maintenance such as admin.
- Network discover is OFF. - High Cost
- Homegroup is UNAVAILABLE. - Complex to some

Pros: Types of Public and Domain Network

- Wide availability 1. Wired

- Cost-Effectiveness 2. Wireless
- Easy connection 3. Local Area Network Domain
- Encompasses a local area within a
Cons:
limited geographic area.
- Security Risk - Typically includes devices, servers and
- No control/admin other resources that are interconnected
- Slow speed and administered locally.
4. Wide Area Network Domain
Domain Network - Covering WIDE GEOGRAPHICAL area.
- Collection of interconnected devices - Enables communication between far
- Organized and managed under a distances and facilitates sharing of
network administrator. resources and data across a large
- Has an admin called DOMAIN network infrastructure.
CONTROLLER who manages all user 5. Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
functions. Domain
- The admin authenticates each access of - Logical division within a LAN where
the computer. devices are grouped based on criteria
- Used for domain and enterprise such as DEPARTMENT, FUCTION or
networks. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS.
- Controlled by the Network - Provide network segmentation without
Administrator. the need for physical separation.
- Can’t be selected nor changed. 6. Domain Name System (DNS System)
- Preferable in a larger workplace Domain
- Security is controlled by network’s - Portion of the DNS namespace – a
administrator settings. hierarchical naming system for
- One or more computers are SERVERS. computers, services or any resources
- A password is provided to ACCESS the connected to the internet or private
domain. network.
- Thousands of Computers

Pros:

- Scalability and Flexibility

- High Security
- Troubleshoot and isolate network
problems easily.

Cons
 - Distance Limitations
- Difficult to maintain and High Latency.

WANS settings used to connect to the ISP

1. Dynamic IP Address
Lesson 9: Wide Area Network (WAN)
2. Host Name
- Collection of computer and networks 3. MAC Address
connected via network. 4. .1 Primary DNNS Address
- Offers a large geographic area. 4.2 Secondary DNS Address
- Made up of interconnected LANS. 5. Auto Reconnect
- Completely Wireless. 6. Static IP Address
7. PPPoe
Purpose of WAN - Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
1. Connectivity Lesson 10: IP Address
- Allows branches of connection to
connect and communicate and interact - Internet Protocol (IP) Address
to each other. - Unique numerical identifier or every
2. Scalability devices or network that connects to the
- Handle numerous or expanding internet
quantity - Typically assigned by an Internet Service
- Might affect the scale of bandwidth, Provider (ISP)
range, and devices.
Main Purposes of IP Addressing
3. Flexibility
- Adapt to the changes in the network 1. Local Addressing
requirements. - Unique identifier for devices connected
4. Resource Sharing to the network.
- Enables the sharing of resources such as - Helps the websites and services with
files, database, apps, etc. the network to recognize and
- User can access shared resources. communicate with your device
2. Network Routine
Advantages of WAN:
- Allows your device to send and receive
- Greater Geographic Coverage data packets to and from the internet.
- Improved Collaboration - Received information contains packets
- Enhanced Data Security to and from the internet.
- Better Access to Resources
Types of IP Addresses
- Increased Flexibility
- Scalability 1. IPv4
- Internet Protocol Version 4
Disadvantages of WAN:
- 4 sets of numbers separated by
- Slower speed (Large Area) periods.
- Security risks
2. IPv6
- Higher cost due to specialized
hardware. -8 groups of hexadecimal digits
- Dependency on Service Providers. separated by periods.
 - 128-bit number system.

How does IP Addresses work?

- A part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols.

- Works behind the scenes, helping
devices and websites connect with each
other on the internet.

IP Address Status

1. Dynamic
- Temporarily assigned by the network’s
DHCP server.
- Can change anytime or whenever you
are connecting to a network.
2. Static
- Manually assigned to devices
- Do not changed automatically
whenever it connects to a network.
- Used for servers, routers or devices that
require consistent network access.

Subnet Masks

- Splits the IP address into the host and

network addresses.
- It defines which part of the IP address
belongs to the device and which part
belongs to the network.

Gateway

- Default gateway
- Connects local devices to other
networks
- When a local device wants to send info
to a device at an IP Address to another
network:
1. SENDS its packets to the gateway
2. FORWARDS the data on its
destination outside the local
network.