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This chapter outlines the methodology used in the research study. It describes a quantitative descriptive research design using a random sample of 30 students and teachers from a high school. Data was collected using a questionnaire to capture responses on structured questions. The data will be analyzed using statistical methods like mean, tables, and graphs to describe and summarize the results. Inferential statistics will also be used to understand the phenomenon studied in the sample population.

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36 views4 pages

Document 12

This chapter outlines the methodology used in the research study. It describes a quantitative descriptive research design using a random sample of 30 students and teachers from a high school. Data was collected using a questionnaire to capture responses on structured questions. The data will be analyzed using statistical methods like mean, tables, and graphs to describe and summarize the results. Inferential statistics will also be used to understand the phenomenon studied in the sample population.

Uploaded by

ricamaesilang11
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This research chapter represents the research design, population and sample techniques, research
instrument, procedures and statistical method applied. This research chapter focuses on research design
and the statistical techniques used to address this study's research questions.

Research Design

Quantitative research is regarded as the organized inquiry about phenomenon through collection of
numerical data and execution of statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. The source of
quantitative research is positivism paradigm that advocates for approaches embedded in statistical
breakdown that involves other strategies like inferential statistics, testing of hypothesis, mathematical
exposition, experimental and quasi-experimental design randomization, blinding, structured protocols,
and questionnaires with restricted variety of prearranged answers (Lee, as cited in Slevitch, 2011).

Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or


phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why questions. A
descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods to investigate one or more
variables,(Shona McCombes,2019).

Subject of the Study

Students and teachers from Laiya Integrated National High School participated in this study. There were
30 respondents who participated in this study, it consisted of 25 students and 5 teachers. A subset of a
population is chosen at random in a basic random sampling. Each person in the population has an exact
equal probability of getting chosen using this sampling technique. Of all the probability sampling
techniques, this one is the easiest to understand because it only needs one random selection and little
prior population knowledge. Any research conducted with this sample should have high internal and
external validity and be less likely to be biased by factors like sampling bias and selection bias because
randomization is used,(Thomas, 2020)

Data Gathering Instrument

Invented by Sir Francis Galton, a questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a set of


questions (items) intended to capture responses from respondents in a standardized manner. Questions
may be unstructured or structured. Unstructured questions ask respondents to provide a response in
their own words, while structured questions ask respondents to select an answer from a given set of
choices. Subjects’ responses to individual questions (items) on a structured questionnaire may be
aggregated into a composite scale or index for statistical analysis. Questions should be designed such
that respondents are able to read, understand, and respond to them in a meaningful way, and hence the
survey method may not be appropriate or practical for certain demographic groups such as children or
the illiterate.
Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers wrote a letter asking permission to carry out the investigation. They came up with a
list of inquiries. The importance of the respondents’ responses to the study was explained to them. They
explained some concepts to the respondents so that they could complete the questionnaire knowing
exactly what was expected of them as the study’s subject.

Step-by-step in making Oreo Churros

Step 1: Prepare the materials Step 2: Put the evaporated milk, butter,

and ingredients needed. sugar, and salt into pan and mix until it

boils

Step 3: Add the flour and stir thoroughly Step 4: Break the bread into small pieces

to create dough
Step 5: Add milk to the filling Step 6: Put the crash bread in the dough

Step 7: Add an egg Step 8: Mix until it becomes a dough again

Step 9: Mold the dough into a churros Step 10: Put the churros in the boiling oil and

when the churros float, they are cooked

Step 11: Prepare and enjoy


Data Analysis Plan

A quantitative research analyst’s main purpose is to quantify a hypothetical situation. It is


usually carried out by scholars who are well equipped with the techniques of quantitative
analysis, either manually or with the assistance of computers (Cowles, 2005), and the researchers
used survey questionnaires that contain quantitative data. The answers to the survey
questionnaires will be consolidated and analyzed by the following statistical method:

a. Mean. The mean is the average, or the total sum of values in a sample, divided by the
number of values in your sample (Steven Tenney, 2023).
b. Tables. Are representations of data organized into different categories by rows and
columns. (Betsy Chesnutt, 2022).
c. Graphs. Are graphical representations that provide a more visual way to understand and
analyze data, showing the relationship between two or more variables (Betsy Chesnutt,
2022).

In this study, a weighted mean and table will be used to tally up all the responses to each
question. The quantitative approach to a phenomenon mostly entails two important advantages.
First, it enables a researcher to systematically categorize, sum up, and illustrate observations. All
these mechanisms and techniques are called descriptive statistics. Second, it also makes it
possible for a researcher to understand and conclude a phenomenon (a sample) that is studied in
an identified, narrow group.

All the processes, techniques, findings, and conclusions are quantified as inferential
statistics. According to James and Simister (2020) there are two types of data analysis that are
discussed here. The ratio scales also make use of balanced intervals to register measurements
from a well-defined zero spot. Furthermore, the researchers quantify their observations in an
organized way through the use of frequency distributions, or graphs, to determine the strengths
and weaknesses of the product. Frequency analysis will be used for recommendations to improve
the product.

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