LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Mathematics 10, Quarter 3, Week 1

Introduction of Permutation

Objectives
Objectives:

After going through these LAS, you are expected to:

1. Illustrate Fundamental Counting Principles;
2. Solve problems involving Fundamental Counting Principles;
3. Illustrate factorial notation and
4. Illustrate permutation of objects.

1
 Lesson

Fundamental Counting Principles

Given a set of possible events, we wanted to find out the number of its possible outcomes. We
can do this using the fundamental counting principle.

The Fundamental Counting Principle states that if activity A can be done in n1 ways, activity B
can be done in n2 ways, activity C in n3 ways, and so on, then activities A, B, and C can be done
simultaneously in n1 ∙ n2 ∙ n3 ∙∙∙ ways.

Read and analyze the illustration below.

The Fundamental Counting Principle is a method to determine the number of ways

which multiple independent events can occur.

Event 1: a1 ways
Event 2: a2 ways
. Total number of ways is a1 • a2 … • an
.
Event n: an ways

Example: Tree Diagram

1
If event 1 can occur in 4 ways and event 2 can occur in a 2
3 ways then the total number of ways that events 1 3
1
and 2 can occur is 4 x 3 = 12. b 2
3
Let event 1 be letters of the alphabet (a, b, c, d) and event 2 1
c 2
be counting numbers. 3
Therefore, there are 12 possible outcomes. 1
d 2
{a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3,c1,c2,c3,d1,d2,d3} 3

2
 Example:
A meal comes with rice, a choice of juice or iced tea and a viand of egg, hotdog, tapa or
longganisa.

Find the number of different combinations.

Egg

Hotdog We can also have this:

Juice Tapa Event 1: Rice (1)
Longganisa Event 2: Type of drinks (2)
Event 3: Type Viand (4)

Rice 1x2x4=8
Egg
Therefore, there are 8 different
Hotdog combinations.
Iced
Tea Tapa

Longganisa

Counting all the possible combo, so

we have 8 different combinations.

Factorial Notation
For a positive integer n, 𝑛! is the product of positive integers less than or equal to n.
The diagram below shows the factorial notation and gives some examples using factorials.

Factorial Notation
If n is a positive integer, n factorial denoted by 𝑛! is a product of all positive
integers less than or equal to n. It is denoted by

𝑛! = 𝑛ሺ𝑛 − 1ሻሺ𝑛 − 2ሻ … ሺ2ሻሺ1ሻ

As a special case : 0! = 1

Examples:

5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
8! 8 𝑥 7 𝑥 6! 𝑛! 𝑛ሺ𝑛−1ሻሺ𝑛−2ሻ!
= 120 = =
6! 6! ሺ𝑛−2ሻ! ሺ𝑛−2ሻ!
=8x7 = 𝑛ሺ𝑛 − 1ሻ
7! = 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
= 56 = 𝑛2 − 𝑛
= 5040
3
 Permutation
A permutation is a mathematical technique that determines the number of possible
arrangements in a set when the order of the arrangement matters. Common mathematical
problems involve choosing only several items from a set of items with a certain order.

Permutations are frequently confused with another mathematical technique which is called
combinations. But in combinations, the order of the chosen items does not influence the
selection. In other words, the arrangements ab and ba in permutations are considered different
arrangements, while in combinations, these arrangements are equal.

Example:

You have 3 different books (Mathematics, English, and Science). How many ways can you
place them on a shelf?

The example above is a permutation because arrangement or order matters in the problem.
Below is an illustration of their different arrangements.

1st Arrangement 2nd Arrangement 3rd Arrangement

English Mathematics Science

Mathematics English English
Science Science Mathematics

4th Arrangement 5th Arrangement 6th Arrangement

English Mathematics Science

Science Science Mathematics
Mathematics English English

4
 Learning Activities
General Directions: Work on Activities 1-3 that follow. Do them on a separate sheet of
paper.

Activity 1. Count Me In
Answer the following and show your solutions using the fundamental counting principle.
1. A car model comes in nine (9) colors, with or without air conditioning, with or without sunroof,
with or without automatic transmission, and with or without antilock brakes. In how many
ways can the car be ordered with regard to these options?
2. How many different four-letter radio station call letters be formed if the first letter must be W
or K?
3. Marybeth has 3 types of doughnuts in the fridge, 2 types of cream cheese and 3 veggies. If
she wants one of each, how many different lunch options does she have?
4. How many license plates can be made if the first 3 entries must be letters, followed by 3
numbers?
5. Suppose you take a multiple choice exam that has 10 questions, each question has 4
answers. How many different ways could the exam be answered?

Activity 2. Show Me The Way

Evaluate and simplify the following expressions. Show your solutions.
0! 8! ሺ𝑘+2ሻ! ሺ𝑘−3ሻ!
1. 6! 2. 3. 4. 5.
3! 5! ሺ𝑘−1ሻ! ሺ𝑘−2ሻ!

Activity 3. Permutation or Not

Tell whether the following situations describe a Permutation or Not.
1. Arranging people in a row
2. Winning in a contest
3. Assigning identification number to employees
4. Choosing 10 questions to answer out of 15 questions in a test
5. Forming quadrilaterals from 8 distinct points in which no 4 points are collinear
6. Assigning different plates in a round table
7. Entering the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of your ATM card
8. Listing the elements of subsets of a given set
9. Opening a combination lock
10. Selecting 4 paintings out of 7 different paintings

5
 Reflection

Directions: Complete the 3-2-1 Chart about your discoveries in the concept of introduction of
permutation. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

6
 7
Activity 3. Permutation or Not Activity 1. Count Me In
1. Permutation 1. 144
2. Permutation 2. 35,152
3. Permutation 3. 18
4. Not 4. 17,576,000
5. Not 5. 9,765,625
6. Permutation
7. Permutation
Activity 2. Make It Simple
8. Not
1. 720 4. 𝑘 3 + 3𝑘 2 + 2𝑘
9. Permutation
1 1
10. Not 2. 5.
6 𝑘−2
3. 336
Answer Key
 References

Books:

Callanta, Melvin M., Allan M. Canonigo, Arnaldo I. Chua, Jerry D. Cruz, Mirla S. Esparrago, Elino
S. Garcia, Aries N. Magnaye, Fernando B. Orines, Rowena S. Perez, and Concepcion S.
Ternida. 2015. Mathematics 10 Learner's Module. Pasig City: Department of Education.

Online:
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/counting-principle.html
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/factorial-notation.html
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/permutation/

Icons credit: Ivin Mae N. Ambos, Division of Surigao del Sur

Published by the Department of Education, Caraga Region

Schools Division Office of Surigao City
Schools Division Superintendent: Karen L. Galanida
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Florence E. Almaden

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

Writer : Marlyn C. Astillo

Editor : Richelle C. Jumalon
Evaluators : Lea S. Sarvida
Leenaida G. Generan
Gemma C. Orozco
Lay-out Artist : Ria Ricafort, Marlyn C. Astillo
Management Team : Karen L. Galanida
Florence E. Almaden
Carlo P. Tantoy
Elizabeth S. Larase
Noemi D. Lim
Salvador V. Acedilla

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Surigao City

Office Address : M. Ortiz Street, Barangay Washington
: Surigao City, Surigao del Norte, Philippines
Telephone : (086) 826-1268; (086) 826-3075; (086) 826-8931
E-mail Address : [email protected]