TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

UNIT 2 nutrition consideration in infancy preschool years

1. What percentage of child deaths is associated with undernutrition?Options:

A. 25%
B. 35%
C. 45%
D. 55%
Answer: C. 45%

2. How many children under 5 were estimated to be stunted globally in 2020?

Options:
A. 49 million
B. 59 million
C. 69 million
D. 149 million
Answer: D. 149 million

3. What percentage of infants 0–6 months old are exclusively breastfed?

Options:
A. 24%
B. 34%
C. 44%
D. 54%
Answer: C. 44%

4. How many children's lives under 5 years could be saved annually through optimal breastfeeding?
Options:
A. 120,000
B. 520,000
C. 820,000
D. 1,020,000
Answer: C. 820,000

5. What does breastfeeding improve, according to the provided information?

Options:
A. Athletic performance
B. IQ
C. Artistic skills
D. Social media popularity
Answer: B. IQ

6. What is the significance of a child's early years for long-term health and well-being?
Options:
A. Not significant at all
B. Moderately significant
C. Highly significant
D. Irrelevant
Answer: C. Highly significant

7. When should finger foods and textured foods be offered to infants developmentally?
Options:
A. 2-4 months
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

B. 4-6 months
C. 6-8 months
D. 8-10 months
Answer: C. 6-8 months

8. At what age should the use of a bottle be discontinued developmentally?

Options:
A. 6 months
B. 12 months
C. 18 months
D. 24 months
Answer: C. 18 months

9. What is a common inappropriate feeding behavior mentioned?

Options:
A. Allowing infant to feed on demand
B. Forcing, bribing, and rewarding the child to eat
C. Offering meals that take less than 10 minutes
D. Offering meals that take more than 40 minutes
Answer: B. Forcing, bribing, and rewarding the child to eat

10. What can inappropriate growth in infants lead to?

Options:
A. Increased intelligence
B. Faster physical development
C. Stunting
D. Better sleep patterns
Answer: C. Stunting

11. When should solids be introduced to infants developmentally?

Options:
A. 2-3 months
B. 4-6 months
C. 6-8 months
D. 8-10 months
Answer: B. 4-6 months

12. What can impact nutrition and feeding in young children?

Options:
A. Color preferences
B. Oral motor problems or delays
C. Favorite cartoons
D. Daily exercise routines
Answer: B. Oral motor problems or delays

13. What can excessive sugar, salt, and fat intake in children lead to?
Options:
A. Stronger bones
B. Better eyesight
C. Malnutrition
D. Overweight and obesity
Answer: D. Overweight and obesity
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

14. What can undernutrition during infancy and preschool years affect?
Options:
A. Lifelong economic opportunities
B. Artistic talents
C. Social skills
D. Physical strength
Answer: A. Lifelong economic opportunities

15. Which convention asserts the right to good nutrition for every infant and child?
Options:
A. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
B. Convention on the Rights of the Child
C. Geneva Convention
D. Paris Agreement
Answer: B. Convention on the Rights of the Child

1. What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding for infants in Pakistan?
Options:
A. 2 months
B. 4 months
C. 6 months
D. 8 months
Answer: C. 6 months

2. What is the composition of colostrum, the initial breast milk?

Options:
A. Rich in vitamins
B. High in carbohydrates
C. Contains antibodies
D. Low in fats
Answer: C. Contains antibodies

3. How does breastfeeding contribute to the development of a baby's personality and behavior?
Options:
A. By increasing sleep patterns
B. By promoting artistic talents
C. By stimulating brain and cognitive development
D. By encouraging physical strength
Answer: C. By stimulating brain and cognitive development

4. What does research suggest about the health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding compared to formula
feeding?
Options:
A. Exclusive breastfeeding leads to more upset stomachs.
B. Formula-fed babies are less likely to develop infections.
C. Breastfed babies are more likely to become obese.
D. Breastfed babies experience fewer infections and upset stomachs.
Answer: D. Breastfed babies experience fewer infections and upset stomachs.

5. What is the purpose of expressed milk for infants?

Options:
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

A. To introduce solid foods early

B. To replace breastfeeding entirely
C. To provide breast milk without direct suckling
D. To enhance the baby's physical growth
Answer: C. To provide breast milk without direct suckling

6. What is the main difference in composition between human milk and cow's milk?
Options:
A. Human milk has more protein.
B. Cow's milk has more fat.
C. Human milk is warmer.
D. Cow's milk is sweeter.
Answer: A. Human milk has more protein.

7. What is the energy content (in calories) per 100 ml of buffalo milk?
Options:
A. 45 calories
B. 66 calories
C. 68 calories
D. 103 calories
Answer: D. 103 calories

8. Why do preterm infants have special nutritional needs?

Options:
A. They have a higher tolerance for nutrients.
B. They missed the period of maximum nutrient transfer in the womb.
C. They need less iron and vitamins.
D. They can be exclusively breastfed from birth.
Answer: B. They missed the period of maximum nutrient transfer in the womb.

9. What are preliminary feeds given to newborns before breastfeeding is established called?
Options:
A. Prelacteal feeds
B. Postlacteal feeds
C. Supplementary feeds
D. Transition feeds
Answer: A. Prelacteal feeds

10. Why are prelacteal feeds discouraged by WHO/UNICEF?

Options:
A. They promote healthy bowel movements.
B. They soothe the baby's throat.
C. They may delay the production of breast milk and introduce contaminants.
D. They have high nutrient and immunological value.
Answer: C. They may delay the production of breast milk and introduce contaminants.

11. What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan?

Options:
A. 3 months
B. 6 months
C. 9 months
D. 12 months
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

Answer: B. 6 months

12. What is the main reason for choosing formula milk for feeding in Pakistan?
Options:
A. Cultural tradition
B. Lower cost
C. Availability of flavors
D. Considered a safe alternative to breast milk
Answer: D. Considered a safe alternative to breast milk

13. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of formula milk mentioned?
Options:
A. Infant formula
B. Follow-up formula
C. Toddler formula
D. Goat's milk
Answer: D. Goat's milk

14. What is the primary advantage of breastfeeding over formula feeding in terms of infant nutrition?
Options:
A. Formula milk is more nutritious.
B. Breast milk is readily available.
C. Breast milk is less warm.
D. Formula milk contains more fat.
Answer: B. Breast milk is readily available.

15. What is the recommended age for introducing solids to an infant's diet?
Options:
A. 1-2 months
B. 4-6 months
C. 6-8 months
D. 8-10 months
Answer: B. 4-6 months

1. What is the primary difference between whey-based and casein-based infant formulas?
Options:
A. Whey-based formulas are for older babies.
B. Casein-based formulas are easier to digest.
C. Whey-based formulas keep babies fuller for longer.
D. Casein-based formulas are similar to breast milk.
Answer: C. Whey-based formulas keep babies fuller for longer.

2. In what situation might soya formula be used as a substitute for cow's milk formula?
Options:
A. To encourage better sleep patterns
B. When a baby has a preference for soy flavor
C. When a baby is intolerant to cow's milk formulas
D. As a weight loss formula for babies
Answer: C. When a baby is intolerant to cow's milk formulas.

3. What is the recommended daily amount of formula for a baby from birth to six months, based on
general guidelines?
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Options:
A. 1 to 1.5 ounces per pound
B. 2 to 2.5 ounces per pound
C. 3 to 3.5 ounces per pound
D. 4 to 4.5 ounces per pound
Answer: B. 2 to 2.5 ounces per pound.

4. What is the key factor to monitor in order to gauge a baby's health and nutritional needs?
Options:
A. The baby's preferred feeding temperature
B. The consistency of the formula milk
C. The baby's weight and progress
D. The frequency of feeding
Answer: C. The baby's weight and progress.

5. Why is it recommended to feed babies in small amounts often?

Options:
A. To encourage rapid weight gain
B. To reduce the frequency of feeding
C. Because babies have tiny stomachs
D. To promote independence in infants
Answer: C. Because babies have tiny stomachs.

6. What should parents ensure before their baby is born regarding bottle-feeding?
Options:
A. Purchase a year's supply of formula
B. Stock up on baby bottles
C. Have the right equipment ready
D. Choose a temperature preference for formula
Answer: C. Have the right equipment ready.

7. What is the recommended backup for bottle-feeding parents to have on hand?

Options:
A. Extra baby bottles
B. Ready-to-feed formula
C. Baby food purees
D. Sterilized water
Answer: B. Ready-to-feed formula.

8. What does "calorie density" refer to in the context of infant nutrition?

Options:
A. The number of calories in a given volume of food
B. The number of calories in breast milk
C. The total energy content of an infant's diet
D. The amount of fat in baby food
Answer: A. The number of calories in a given volume of food.

9. What does "nutrient density" refer to in the context of infant nutrition?

Options:
A. The total energy content of an infant's diet
B. The ratio of nutrient content to total energy content in food
C. The calorie content of breast milk
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

D. The protein content of baby food

Answer: B. The ratio of nutrient content to total energy content in food.

10. At what age does the WHO recommend initiating complementary feeding and supplementary feeding
to breast milk?
Options:
A. 2 months
B. 4 months
C. 6 months
D. 8 months
Answer: C. 6 months.

11. Why is it important to continue breastfeeding even after initiating complementary feeding?
Options:
A. To reduce the cost of infant nutrition
B. To introduce babies to a variety of tastes and textures
C. To replace breast milk entirely
D. To provide additional nutrients and maintain breastfeeding benefits
Answer: D. To provide additional nutrients and maintain breastfeeding benefits.

12. What accomplishment becomes possible at about 6 months of age, making it an ideal time to start
weaning?
Options:
A. Crawling
B. Talking
C. Biting
D. Walking
Answer: C. Biting.

13. When introducing new foods during weaning, how often should a new food item be introduced to a
baby?
Options:
A. Every day
B. Every 2-3 days
C. Every week
D. Every month
Answer: B. Every 2-3 days.

14. What consistency of food is typically introduced during the "semi-liquid" stage of weaning?
Options:
A. Hard and crunchy
B. Smooth and gentle on the stomach
C. Textured with chunks
D. Pureed with no texture
Answer: B. Smooth and gentle on the stomach.

15. At what stage of weaning does a baby typically start consuming a solid diet with a variety of food
items?
Options:
A. After 6 months
B. After 8-9 months
C. After 10 months
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D. After 1-2 years

Answer: D. After 1-2 years.

1. When introducing solid/semi solid foods to a baby, what is the recommended approach?
Options:
A. Introduce multiple new foods simultaneously
B. Begin with a variety of textures to challenge the baby
C. Start with soft and mashed foods, introducing one food at a time
D. Skip the pureed stage and introduce solid foods immediately
Answer: C. Start with soft and mashed foods, introducing one food at a time.

2. Why is it important to introduce new foods gradually and in small amounts to a baby's diet?
Options:
A. To discourage the baby from eating too much
B. To ensure the baby gets used to a variety of flavors
C. To save money on food costs
D. To speed up the baby's digestive system
Answer: B. To ensure the baby gets used to a variety of flavors.

3. What is a common reaction when babies spit out their food or pull faces while eating solid foods?
Options:
A. It indicates they dislike the food.
B. It means they are experiencing discomfort.
C. It shows they are ready for more solid foods.
D. It has no significance in terms of taste preference.
Answer: D. It has no significance in terms of taste preference.

4. How can parents determine if a baby truly dislikes a certain food?

Options:
A. By offering the same food repeatedly until the baby accepts it
B. By immediately removing the food from the baby's diet
C. By introducing new foods without any gaps
D. By offering a variety of foods all at once
Answer: A. By offering the same food repeatedly until the baby accepts it.

5. At what age might a baby be able to start picking up small pieces of food to feed themselves?
Options:
A. 3 months
B. 6 months
C. 9 months
D. 12 months
Answer: C. 9 months.

6. How long does it typically take for a full set of milk teeth to come through during the teething process?
Options:
A. 3 months
B. 1 year
C. 2.5 years
D. 5 years
Answer: C. 2.5 years.

7. What side effects might a child experience during the teething process?
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

Options:
A. Improved appetite and sleep
B. Discomfort and irritability
C. Increased energy levels
D. Faster growth
Answer: B. Discomfort and irritability.

8. What can be done to reduce teething-related irritation in babies?

Options:
A. Offering crunchy foods to chew on
B. Massaging teething gel into the gums
C. Reducing fluid intake
D. Avoiding any medication or remedies
Answer: B. Massaging teething gel into the gums.

9. What age range is considered the preschool years for children?

Options:
A. 0-1 years
B. 1-5 years
C. 5-10 years
D. 10-15 years
Answer: B. 1-5 years.

10. What is essential for child development in terms of nutrition for preschool children?
Options:
A. Strictly vegetarian diets
B. High sugar and low protein intake
C. A variety of healthy foods, including fruits, vegetables, dairy, and lean proteins
D. Exclusive consumption of junk food
Answer: C. A variety of healthy foods, including fruits, vegetables, dairy, and lean proteins.

11. When should parents aim for their child to competently manage their mealtimes independently?
Options:
A. By age 1
B. By age 5
C. By age 10
D. By age 15
Answer: B. By age 5.

12. What is the recommendation regarding junk food in a preschool child's diet?
Options:
A. Allow unlimited consumption as it's a treat
B. Completely forbid junk food
C. Encourage daily consumption for extra energy
D. Give occasional treats in moderation
Answer: D. Give occasional treats in moderation.

13. What should parents consider when it comes to their child's likes and dislikes regarding food?
Options:
A. Force the child to eat everything they dislike.
B. Allow the child to dictate the entire menu.
C. Encourage the child to try new foods but respect their preferences.
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

D. Only serve foods the child already likes.

Answer: C. Encourage the child to try new foods but respect their preferences.

14. What is the recommended approach to introducing one-food items to a baby during weaning?
Options:
A. Introduce them all at once for variety.
B. Wait for the child to ask for specific foods.
C. Introduce one food at a time, with a gap of 4-7 days.
D. Offer new foods without any gaps in between.
Answer: C. Introduce one food at a time, with a gap of 4-7 days.

15. Which of the following is NOT a key consideration for a nutrition plan for infants and young children?
Options:
A. Hygiene
B. Convenience
C. Likes and dislikes of the child
D. Forbidding junk food entirely
Answer: D. Forbidding junk food entirely.

1. Which nutrient is essential for cell growth and survival in children's diets?
Options:
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Vitamin A
D. Protein
Answer: D. Protein.

2. What food group provides a good source of energy for active and growing children?
Options:
A. Fats
B. Meat and fish
C. Carbohydrates
D. Dairy foods
Answer: C. Carbohydrates.

3. According to government recommendations, how many portions of fruit or vegetables should children
aim for each day?
Options:
A. Three portions
B. Four portions
C. Five portions
D. Six portions
Answer: C. Five portions.

4. What can be used as an alternative source of protein for children if they are not keen on meat or fish?
Options:
A. Oily fish
B. Eggs and pulses
C. Dairy products
D. Fatty meats
Answer: B. Eggs and pulses.
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

5. What nutrient is necessary for the healthy development of strong bones and teeth in children?
Options:
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin C
Answer: C. Calcium.

6. Which type of fats should be limited in children's diets?

Options:
A. Unsaturated fats
B. Saturated fats
C. Fatty meats
D. Nuts and seeds
Answer: B. Saturated fats.

7. What is the role of vitamin A in a child's diet?

Options:
A. Promotes growth and healthy skin
B. Carries oxygen in the blood
C. Boosts the immune system
D. Helps the body absorb iron
Answer: A. Promotes growth and healthy skin.

8. What vitamin is required for the immune system and the absorption of iron in the body?
Options:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
Answer: B. Vitamin C.

9. Which nutrient is essential for carrying oxygen in the blood?

Options:
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Protein
D. Zinc
Answer: B. Iron.

10. What can be used as a source of zinc in a child's diet?

Options:
A. Meat, fish, and dairy
B. Citrus fruits and vegetables
C. Eggs and pulses
D. Oily fish
Answer: A. Meat, fish, and dairy.

11. How does nutrition counseling differ from nutrition education?

Options:
A. Nutrition counseling is a one-way process, while nutrition education is two-way.
B. Nutrition counseling focuses on maternal health, while nutrition education is child-centric.
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

C. Nutrition counseling involves active participation in problem-solving, while nutrition education is

passive.
D. Nutrition counseling doesn't involve the caregiver.
Answer: C. Nutrition counseling involves active participation in problem-solving, while nutrition education
is passive.

12. What influence can maternal nutrition status during pregnancy have on fetal and infant health
outcomes?
Options:
A. It has no impact on fetal and infant health.
B. It can lead to better maternal health outcomes.
C. It can lead to poor maternal health outcomes and pregnancy complications.
D. It only affects the infant's health, not the mother's.
Answer: C. It can lead to poor maternal health outcomes and pregnancy complications.

13. Why is poor maternal weight gain in pregnancy concerning?

Options:
A. It leads to excessive maternal weight.
B. It increases the risk of low birth weight and birth defects.
C. It results in larger babies.
D. It improves pregnancy outcomes.
Answer: B. It increases the risk of low birth weight and birth defects.

14. Which micronutrient deficiency during pregnancy can put both the mother and baby at risk?
Options:
A. Vitamin C deficiency
B. Calcium deficiency
C. Iron deficiency
D. Vitamin D deficiency
Answer: C. Iron deficiency.

15. What outcomes can nutrition education and counseling strategies have on maternal and fetal health
outcomes?
Options:
A. They have no impact on maternal and fetal health.
B. They can improve maternal health but not fetal health.
C. They can lead to better maternal and fetal health outcomes.
D. They only affect fetal health, not maternal health.
Answer: C. They can lead to better maternal and fetal health outcomes.

1. Which step in the GALIDRA approach involves discussing feeding difficulties and deciding on alternative
actions with the mother?
Options:
A. Greet the mother
B. Ask her about the feeding practices of the child
C. Discuss the feeding difficulty and cause of malnutrition
D. Appoint her for reassessment
Answer: C. Discuss the feeding difficulty and cause of malnutrition.

2. What is the key message related to optimal breastfeeding from the ENA component?
Options:
A. Start complementary feeding at birth
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

B. Introduce soft foods at 3 months

C. Initiate breastfeeding within one hour after delivery
D. Increase formula milk intake in the first 6 months
Answer: C. Initiate breastfeeding within one hour after delivery.

3. What should the mother do if the infant cannot breastfeed in the context of optimal breastfeeding?
Options:
A. Skip the feeding
B. Offer the infant a bottle of formula
C. Express her milk or breastfeed more frequently
D. Wait until the next scheduled feeding time
Answer: C. Express her milk or breastfeed more frequently.

4. What is the key message related to optimal complementary feeding from the ENA component?
Options:
A. Introduce only solid foods at 6 months
B. Continue exclusive breastfeeding until 12 months
C. Increase food thickness and variety as the child gets older
D. Decrease the frequency of feeding as the child gets older
Answer: C. Increase food thickness and variety as the child gets older.

5. What is the recommended approach for a sick child's feeding according to the ENA component?
Options:
A. Reduce breastfeeding frequency
B. Switch to formula milk
C. Breastfeed more frequently or express milk if the infant cannot breastfeed
D. Introduce solid foods immediately
Answer: C. Breastfeed more frequently or express milk if the infant cannot breastfeed.

6. What is the key message related to maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation from the ENA
component?
Options:
A. Avoid all supplements during pregnancy
B. Reduce food intake during lactation
C. Increase food intake with one extra meal each day during pregnancy
D. Start deworming during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy
Answer: C. Increase food intake with one extra meal each day during pregnancy.

7. What is the recommended action during the GALIDRA step "Listen to what the mother says"?
Options:
A. Give immediate advice and recommendations
B. Ask the mother about her own health
C. Provide a detailed feeding plan
D. Actively listen to the mother's description of feeding practices and challenges
Answer: D. Actively listen to the mother's description of feeding practices and challenges.

8. In the context of GALIDRA, what does the "R" stand for in the step "Recommend the alternative possible
solution"?
Options:
A. Reflect
B. Reason
C. Review
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D. Reiterate
Answer: B. Reason.

9. According to the ENA component, what should the mother or caregiver do when introducing soft,
appropriate foods at six months?
Options:
A. Continue exclusive breastfeeding
B. Stop breastfeeding completely
C. Replace breast milk with solid foods
D. Increase formula milk intake
Answer: A. Continue exclusive breastfeeding.

10. What action should be taken regarding maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation based on the
ENA component?
Options:
A. Decrease food intake to avoid excessive weight gain
B. Skip iron and folic acid supplementation
C. Increase food intake with two extra meals each day during pregnancy
D. Avoid deworming during pregnancy
Answer: C. Increase food intake with two extra meals each day during pregnancy.

11. In the context of the ENA component, what is the purpose of de-worming during the 3rd trimester of
pregnancy?
Options:
A. To reduce the mother's appetite
B. To prevent iron and folic acid deficiency
C. To improve the mother's sleep
D. To protect against infections that can harm the baby
Answer: D. To protect against infections that can harm the baby.

12. What is the primary focus of the GALIDRA approach?

Options:
A. Promoting exclusive formula feeding
B. Encouraging early introduction of solid foods
C. Engaging mothers in problem-solving related to child feeding
D. Monitoring children's growth and development
Answer: C. Engaging mothers in problem-solving related to child feeding.

13. In the context of the GALIDRA approach, what does the "A" stand for in the step "Appoint her for
reassessment"?
Options:
A. Apprehend
B. Attend
C. Acknowledge
D. Assign
Answer: D. Assign.

14. According to the ENA component, why is iron and folic acid supplementation important during
pregnancy?
Options:
A. To reduce the baby's weight
B. To prevent excessive weight gain in the mother
 TA SERIES CHAPTER WISE MCQs APPLIED NUTRITION

C. To support the development of strong bones in the baby

D. To prevent iron and folic acid deficiency in the mother and baby
Answer: D. To prevent iron and folic acid deficiency in the mother and baby.

15. What is the main goal of the GALIDRA approach in the context of child nutrition?
Options:
A. To provide medical treatment to malnourished children
B. To educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding
C. To actively involve mothers in identifying and solving feeding problems
D. To replace breast milk with formula feeding
Answer: C. To actively involve mothers in identifying and solving feeding problems.