to better understand an

PATTERNS OF exemplification text.

DEVELOPMENT The following signal words will also

help you in identifying
exemplification:
1. DEFINITION ● After all
● that is
● Using definition to develop an idea ● As an example
helps you to clarify and explain ● for instance
concepts by answering the ● in other words
question "What does it mean?” ● Consider the following
This pattern explains the ● For example
information through the use of ● in particular
illustration, examples, and ● in short
descriptions, It may include one or ● namely
more different patterns. ● put another way
● Take note of the term to be defined ● specifically
and the detailed explanation of the ● stated differently
term, as these are the most ● to be specific
important parts of this pattern. You ● to clarify
can also use a spider map to better ● to illustrate
understand a definition text.
3. DESCRIPTION (Sensory and
The following signal words will also Spatial)
help you in identifying this pattern.
● A descriptive pattern basically
Signal words for definition: provides details on the idea by
● Is defined using either a sensory or spatial
● As defined pattern. Through a sensory
● means pattern, ideas are arranged based
● refers to on one or all of the five senses. A
● to define spatial pattern, on the other hand,
● to illustrate arranges ideas by location or
physical space.
2. EXEMPLIFICATION ● The most important elements of
this pattern are the types of
● An exemplification pattern presents description used (Le., evocative or
the general statement and then information; spatial or sensory), the
provides specific and concrete clustering of details, and the
examples to expound on the main progression of description. A
idea. Simply put, this pattern is concept map can be used to
used to provide an example of understand descriptive texts. The
something. following signal words will also
● Pay attention to the main idea and help you in identifying such
the specific examples, as these are pattern.
the most important parts of this
pattern. You can use a spider map
 Signal Words for Spatial Pattern or pattern, a chain of events or a
Visual Description cycle can be used. The following
● Above words will also help you in
● Across away from identifying this pattern.
● around
● Adjacent to back of Signal Words for
● Along Chronology/Procedure
● Amidst ● About
● below ● After
● Alongside beneath ● Afterwards
● beside ● As soon as
● between ● At
● beyond ● before
● by ● during
● farther ● eventually
● here ● finally
● In ● first
● In front of ● At this/ that point
● Inside ● in the meantime
● into ● later
● off ● meanwhile
● On ● next
● on top of ● next week
● onto ● presenty
● opposite to ● prior to
● outside ● tomorrow
● throughout ● second
● to the right ● until
● under ● Soon
● then
4. CHRONOLOGY/ PROCEDURE ● tll
● today
● A chronology pattern organizes ● when
ideas or events according to time. ● yesterday
It can either be in the form of a
narration or a process. A narration 5. LISTING
sequences events in the order In
which they occurred in time, while, ● A Listing pattern organizes ideas
a process organizes details based using enumeration. Unlike a
on stages or steps. chronological pattern, listing does
● The most essential parts of this not require the items to be
pattern are the main idea, major sequenced chronologically
dates and events such as the final because it does not have the
outcome, major steps/stages, and element of time. It basically
of course, the order or presents items (facts, examples,
presentations. To better features, reasons, and tips) that
comprehend a text that follows a support a main idea. Make sure to
chronological or procedural pay attention to these essential
 aspects when writing down your contrast matrix to better
notes. understand this pattern of
development.
The following signal words will also
help you in identifying such Signal Words for Comparing
patterns. ● Also
● In similar fashion
Signal Words for Listing ● equally
● Additionally ● In the same way
● Furthermore ● likewise
● Also ● like
● and then ● similarly
● moreover ● both
● besides ● as
● Equally important ● in comparison
● further
● likewise Signal Words for Contrasting
● again ● Nevertheless
● along with ● Unlike
● as well ● Although
● in the same way ● despite
● in addition ● However
● together with ● conversely
● another ● In the meantime
● next ● still as
● and ● opposed to
● instead
6. COMPARISON - CONTRAST ● otherwise
● the fact remains
● A comparison and contrast pattern ● but
organizes ideas based on how ● In spite of
events places people things, and ● on the other hand
concepts are similar to or different ● yet
from one another There are two ● to compare
ways on how ideas can be ● and yet
arranged separately which involves ● in contrast
describing one item first followed ● even though
by the second item: or ● on the contrary
side-by-side, which means ● even so
discussing both items bsed on ● nonetheless
each point of comparison. ● whereas
● Concentrate on the most
important-contrast pattern: the 7. CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISION
purpose of Comparison points of
comparison, and the actual ● A classification pattern organizes
similarities and differences of the ideas into categories or dívisions
items being compared. Try using a based on criteria and standards.
Venn diagram or a compare/ This pattern can be used when
 classifying people, objects, events, ● Due to (the fact that)
things, places, and other items. ● in view of (the fact)
Make sure to always double -check ● for the reason that
whether each item is undeniably ● in that
part of a certain category. Avoid ● owing to (the fact)
oversimplifying just so you may be ● in as much as
able to assign something to a ● one reason
category, as it may result in ● seeing that
stereotyping. ● since
● Take note of the superordinate
(name of the larger group) ideas, Signal Words for Effects
the subordinate (subcategories of ● Accordingly
a larger group) ideas, and the ● consequently
relationship between them, since ● As a consequence
these are the most important parts ● for this reason
of this pattern. You can also use a ● Hence
network tree to better understand ● so much (so) that
this pattern. ● in consequence
● thus
Signal Words for Classification and ● therefore
Dlvision ● So that
● Another ● as a result (of this)
● Another Kind ● because (of this)
● classified as
● final type 9. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
● one kind
● the last group ● A problem-solution organizes ideas
● the first category into problems and proposed
● the next part solutions. The problem section
usually includes the what, who,
8. CAUSE AND EFFECT when, where, why, and how of the
problem. The other part then
● A cause and effect pattern presents the major effects of the
organizes details based on the problem and the possible solutions
cause, the reason, and the result to address it, as well as the steps
or consequences of a certain in implementing the solution.
phenomenon. This pattern may ● Note down these parts when yyou
discuss both the causes only, or encounter a problem-solution text.
the effects only. When reading this
type of pattern, focus on and take Signal Words for Problem-Solution
note of the following elements: and ● But
the potential causal fallacies or ● First, second
illogical arguments ● nonetheless
● one reason for the
Signal Words for Causes ● one solution is
● As for ● one way is
● Because (at the fact) ● the problem
● Being that ● the solution
 ● Admittedly
10. PERSUASION ● Assuredly
● Certainty
● A persuasion pattern organizes ● It is true that
ideas to show how a set of ● needless to say
evidences leads to a logical ● no doubt
conclusion or argument. ● obviously
Specifically, this pattern presents ● of course
the issue, the position, and the ● to be sure
supporting evidence that supports ● true
the position. Make sure to check ● undoubtedly
these three essential elements ● unquestionably
whlle reading a persuasion text

Signal Words for Emphasising a

Point
● Again
● For this reason
● indeed
● to emphasize
● to repeat
● truly
● with this in mind

Signal Words for Concluding and

Summarizing
● Accordingly
● All in all
● Therefore
● in that case
● Since
● In essence
● consequently
● due to
● as a result
● thus
● to sum up
● inevitably
● in conclusion
● finally
● as I have said
● in a nutshell
● on the whole
● in short
● in summary

Signal Words for Conceding a

Point