WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

GRADE
HEALTH
9

3
LEARNING QUARTER

WEEK 7-8
MODULE

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 0

 MODULE IN
HEALTH 9

QUARTER III
WEEK 7-8

Unintentional Injury Prevention,

Safety and First Aid

Development Team
Writers: Hilario A. Baltazar Judith A. Formantes
Glenn Miguel
Editor: Johnstone D. Corpuz
Reviewer: Armi Suerte C. Manuel
Illustrator: Marlon C. Daquioag
Lay–Out Artist: Marlon C. Daquioag
Management Team:
Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Arsendio A. Cabacungan

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 What I Need to Know

This module provides you a head start to injury prevention. It focuses on the common
unintentional injuries that may happen at home, in your school, at work and even in
recreational areas, and analyzes why such injuries occur. To prevent or reduce the risks of
these serious injuries, you will learn the concepts and principles of safety education, practice
the habits of observing appropriate personal safety measures; and take responsibility for your
safety and that of others by performing appropriate skills and knowledge in first aid
procedures.
In your journey through the discussions and different tasks, you are expected to:
1. demonstrate the conduct of primary and secondary survey of the victim (CAB) (H9IS-IIIb-
37);
2. assess emergency situation for unintentional injuries (H9IS-IIIb-38);
3. explain the principles of wound dressing (H9IS-IIIc.d-40);
4. demonstrate appropriate bandaging techniques for unintentional injuries (H9IS-IIIc.d-41);
5. demonstrates proper techniques in carrying and transporting the victim of unintentional
injuries (H9IS-IIIe.f-42); and
6. demonstrates proper first aid procedures for common unintentional injuries (H9IS-IIIg.h
43).

The module is divided into 5 lessons, namely:

● Lesson 1 – The Basics of First Aid

● Lesson 2 – Survey of the Scene and the Victims
● Lesson 3 – Dressing and Bandages
● Lesson 4 – Carrying and Transporting an Injured Person
● Lesson 5 – First Aid for Common Unintentional Injuries

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 What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and then copy the letter of the option that best
answers the question. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you call the immediate care given to an injured person before the arrival of a
physician?
A. First Aid B. Intensive Care
C. Chest Compression D. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

2. Which is an objective of first aid?

A. To prolong life.
B. To intensify suffering.
C. To end the services of a physician.
D. To bridge the gap between the victim and the physician.

3. When a first aider does not alarm a victim, what characteristic does s/he show?
A. gentleness B. being observant
C. resourcefulness D. tactfulness

4. What is the first thing to do in assessing an emergency situation?

A. Call for help.
B. Survey if the scene is safe.
C. Do a head-to-toe examination.
D. Check the vital signs of the victim.

5. When is primary survey of the victim done?

A. When the victim is conscious.
B. During the survey of the scene.
C. When the victim is unconscious.
D. After the victim has regained consciousness.

6. What sterile cloth is used to cover a wound?

A. bandage B. cold compress
C. dressing D. hot compress
7. What is used to stop bleeding and provide support for immobilization of a fracture?
A. bandage B. cold compress
C. dressing D. hot compress

8. Which is a break in the continuity of the tissue in the body?

A. fracture B. laceration C. sprain D. wound

9. What open wound is caused by nails, needles, and other pointed objects?
A. avulsion B. incision C. laceration D. puncture
10. Which is used to transport an unconscious victim who should not be lifted due to
serious injuries?
A. blanket drag B. chair drag C. hammock carry D. lover’s carry

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 Lesson
The Basics of First Aid
1
What’s In

“Prevention is better than cure.” Practicing this principle advocates safety awareness
which is essential in achieving quality of life. However, no place is considered safe not even
in the comfort of our homes. Our immediate environment poses danger to everyone. Accidents
may happen to anybody at any place, at any time. Thus, taking the right safety measures
greatly helps prevent accidents and injuries. When accidents happen, it is important to have
the knowledge and skills to deal with them. Having knowledge and skills on safety education
and injury prevention could help you, your loved ones, and other people in your community
during emergency situations.

One of your lesson in Physical Education in Quarter 1 was Basic First Aid in Sports
Officiating. You learned about the first aid kit and the materials it contains. Let us go back and
recall it by answering Activity 1.

ACTIVITY 1:

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 Welcome to your first safety adventure! Today, you will learn about the basics of First
Aid, its meaning and importance. At the end of this lesson, you are expected to discuss the
characteristics of a good first aider, and the roles, responsibilities, and principles of first aid.
Start your adventure now!

What’s New

Before you go on further to the lesson, pick a situation from the table below and write
down your immediate action to the following situations then answer the process questions
below.

Situation Immediate Action to be Taken

1. Your younger sister cuts her finger with a
knife.
2. Your friend falls down the stairs from the 2nd
floor and can hardly stand.
3. A man in the street is bumped by a car.
4. Your mother accidentally touches a hot pan.
5. Your classmate has drunk poison.
6. Your teacher suffers a heart attack.
7. Your neighbor experiences stroke.
8. Your grandfather slips in the comfort room
and cannot move his right arm anymore.
9. Your cousin who does not know how to
swim falls into a deep river.
10. Your baby brother accidentally swallows a
small part of a car toy and it gets stuck in his
throat.

Process Questions:
a. Who are victims of accidents? Where do accidents happen? Why do they
happen?
b. Are these situations preventable? How?
c. What will you do if these happen?
d. Why do we need to give immediate action to an emergency situation?

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 Do you think you did the right action for each situation? Do not worry. As you go on
with this module, you will discover the proper ways of addressing those situations.

What is It

Accidents and injuries can be a result of a situation, an unsafe action or unsafe

environment. You can do a lot to prevent injuries by understanding the situation, being
cautious and being aware of safety hazards in your immediate environment. Learning how to
do basic first aid is necessary and vital in your day to day living.

First Aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly
gets ill or injured. It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not
available or delayed. It can mean the difference between life and death in extreme
cases. However, we must know the limits of the first aid we can give because
improper first aid can do more harm than good in some instances. Anyone who
gives first aid is a first aider.

ROLES OF FIRST AID

1. It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take the place of the services of the
physician.
3. It ends when the services of the physician begin.
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER
1. Gentle – does not cause pain and panic.
2. Observant – notices all signs.
3. Resourceful – makes the best use of things at hand.
4. Tactful – does not frighten the victim.
5. Sympathetic – comforts and reassures the victim.

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PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID

(DO’s in giving First Aid) (DON’T’s in giving First Aid)

1. DO stay calm. 1. DON’T give food and drink to an
unconscious person.
2. DO reassure and comfort the victim 2. DON’T move an injured person unless
you need to place him/her in the recovery
position.
3. DO check for a medical bracelet indicating
a condition such as epilepsy or diabetes.

4. DO loosen any tight clothing.

5. DO keep the victim covered to reduce
shock.

What’s More

ACTIVITY 2: “IS HE A GOOD FIRST AIDER?”

Directions. Analyze the situations and answer the process questions that follow.

● Student A is very relaxed in controlling the bleeding on her classmate’s finger.

● Student B is insisting that her unconscious sister drink water.
● Student C immediately brings her friend, who fell down the stairs, to the clinic.
● Student D makes use of his clean handkerchief to tie his best friend’s bleeding arm.
● Student E speaks comforting words to her cousin who sprained his ankle while playing
basketball.

Process Questions:
1. Who among the students are good first aiders? Why?
2. Who among them are not good first aiders? Why?
3. What characteristics should a good first aider possess?
4. If you were a first aider, what would be your ultimate goal?

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 Lesson
Survey of the Scene and
2 the Victims

What’s In

Welcome to your second safety adventure! This will be a very exciting safety adventure
because you will know the proper procedures in assessing emergency situations for
unintentional injuries and in doing the primary and secondary surveys of the victims. It is
expected that at the end of this lesson, you can confidently and properly demonstrate these
procedures, applying the principles of first aid and displaying characteristics of a first aider
which you have learned in the previous lesson.

What’s New

Study carefully the figure below showing the procedure in assessing emergency
situations.

If yes, can the danger be easily managed?

If it cannot, call for emergency help and protect the scene.

Gently shake the shoulders and ask a question, “Hey, Hey, are you okay?”
If the victim responds, treat any life-threatening condition.
If there is no response, check the airway.

Do the “Head-Tilt If breathing – Check for and

/ Chin Method”: lift the treat any life-threatening
chin, remove any conditions and place in the
obstructions present, recovery position.
then gently tilt back If not breathing – Give two
the head. rescue breaths: pinch the nose,
seal your mouth over the
victim’s mouth and breathe into
/ the person.
If rescuer is alone, call for an
ambulance.

If the victim is a child, or an adult

who has suffered from a drowning
or an accident, proceed directly to
the CPR.
Otherwise, look for signs of life such
as movement and normal skin color
for a second.

Steps in Assessing Emergency Situations

(Source: The Health Curriculum in Philippine Basic Education, Vol. 2)

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 An emergency procedure is a plan of actions to be conducted in a certain
order or manner, in response to a specific class of reasonably foreseeable
emergency, a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property,
or the environment.

What is It

Vital signs are measures of various physiological statistics taken in order to assess the
most basic body functions. The act of taking vital signs normally entails recording body
temperature, pulse rate or heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
Before, Airway, Breathing and Circulation (ABC) are mnemonics for essential steps
used by both medical professionals and lay persons such as first aiders when dealing with a
patient.
In 2010, the American Heart Association rearranged the ABCs of cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) in its American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, published in Circulation: Journal of the
American Heart Association.
"For more than 40 years, CPR training has emphasized the ABCs of CPR, which
instructed people to open a victim's airway by tilting their head back, pinching the nose and
breathing into the victim's mouth, and only then giving chest compressions," said Michael
Sayre, M.D., co-author of the guidelines and chairman of the American Heart Association's
Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) Committee. "This approach was causing significant
delays in starting chest compressions, which are essential for keeping oxygen-rich blood
circulating through the body. Changing the sequence from A-B-C to C-A-B for adults and
children allows all rescuers to begin chest compressions right away."

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Signs are details discovered by applying your senses – sight, touch, hearing and smell
during the examination.
Example:
✔ Bleeding
✔ Swelling
✔ Deformities
Symptoms are sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be able to
describe.

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 Example:
✔ Nausea
✔ Vomiting
✔ Heat
✔ Impaired sensations

TWO WAYS TO CONDUCT PHYSICAL EXAMINATION WHEN GIVING FIRST AID:

1. Primary Survey
Primary survey of the victim is used when the victim is unconscious and to find out and
immediately treat life-threatening conditions.
a. Check for Consciousness
1. Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you okay?” while carefully shaking the victim’s
shoulder.
2. When there is no response, not even mumbles or groans, the victim is
unconscious and in need of medical help.
b. Open the Airway
1. The victim’s unconsciousness maybe due to an obstruction in his/her airway.
It may also be caused by a narrowed airway making breathing impossible.
2. Find out if there is loss of muscular control in the throat area which allows the
tongue to slip back and block the throat.
3. Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim (if the victim is an adult). This way
you will be able to lift the tongue from the back of the throat, leaving the airway
clear.
c. Check for Breathing.
1. Put your face near the victim’s mouth and look, listen, and feel for breathing.
You should observe for:
⮚ Chest movement, sound of breathing, or feel of breath on your
cheek
d. Check for Circulation
1. Locate pulse using your middle and index finger. Pulse indicates blood
circulation, which is essential for the heart and brain to function.
2. Poor blood circulation may be reflected on the pale color of the skin. This is
fatal.
3. To revive circulation, perform CPR immediately.

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2. Secondary Survey
Secondary survey is used when the victim is conscious or has revived. It aims to
detect everything about the patient’s condition.
a. History Taking
✔ SAMPLE PAIN is the mnemonic in order to perform the steps more easily.
S-ymptoms (the chief complaint of the patient)
A-llergy (find out if the victim is allergic to anything)
M-edication (what are the medicines s/he is currently taking)
P-revious illness (that may be related to the problem)
L-ast meal (only for those subject for operation)
E-vents prior to what happened
P-eriod of pain (How long? What started it?)
A-rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
I-ntensity
N-ullify (What stopped it?)
b. Checking for Vital Signs
1. Pulse Rate
Steps in checking the pulse:

Use your fingertips in getting the pulse. Follow the following

procedure:
1. Place the fingertip over an artery where it either crosses a bone or
lies close to the skin.
2. Feel the pulsations as the pressure wave of blood causes the vessel
wall to expand – that is the pulse.
The pulse rate may be taken in different points in the body like:
1. Brachial 5. Subclavian
2. Carotid 6. Axillary
3. Wrist 7. Femoral
4. Temporal
DON’T’s in Getting Pulse Rate

⮚ Never use your thumb; it has its own pulse.

⮚ Do not palpate both the carotid arteries at the same time.
⮚ Do not take the pulse when the victim is in sitting position. Pulsations disappear
as the victim is elevated to a sitting position.

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 ⮚ Never put too much pressure or massage the carotid. You may disturb the
heart’s electrical conduction system.

Normal Pulse Rate

60 – 70 Men
70 – 80 Women
80 – 90 Children over 7 years old
80 – 120 Children over 1-7 years old
110 – 130 Infants
2. Temperature
Guidelines in checking temperature:
✔ It is important to monitor temperature in the case of stroke and high fever.
✔ Body temperature is measured by using a thermometer within the:
1. Rectum (rectal)
2. Oral (mouth)
3. Axillary (armpit)
3. Respiration
Guidelines in checking respiration:
✔ Count the number of breaths per minute.
✔ A whistle sound or wheeze and difficulty in breathing may mean an
asthma attack.
✔ A gurgling or snoring noise and difficulty in breathing may mean that the
tongue, mucous or something else is stuck in the throat and does not let
enough air to get through.
❖ *Between12-20 breaths per minute are normal for adults and older
children; 40 breaths per minute are normal for babies.
4. Skin Color
Guidelines in checking skin color:
✔ Skin color reflects the circulation of blood and the saturation of oxygen
in the blood.
✔ The presence of mucous around the mouth, inner eyelids, and nail beds
is a sign of poor blood circulation.
✔ A healthy skin is warm and pink because blood flows normally in the
blood vessels.
c. Head to Toe Examination
1. Head and neck
✔ Are there any lacerations or contusions in the area?

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 ✔ Is there a presence of blood in the victim’s hair? If yes, immediately
find out where it is coming from.
✔ Is there any fluid in the victim’s nose, and ears? If so, the victim has a
skull fracture.
2. Eyes
⮚ Pay close attention to the pupils.

Pupil Appearance Assessment

Dilated pupil State of shock
Very small pupils Poison or use of prohibited drugs
Different size Head injury that requires immediate
attention
Different size Pupils are reactive
No reaction DEATH

3. Chest
✔ Check for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and other impairments.
✔ If the victim feels pain while you apply pressure onto his/ her chest,
there could be a rib fracture.
4. Abdomen

✔ Does the victim’s abdomen hurt? Where is the pain coming from?
✔ Is his/her abdomen tender?
✔ Did you feel any lumps? If yes, get immediate medical assistance.
3. Back
✔ Is there movement in the victim’s lower extremities?
✔ Is there sensation in these parts? If the answer is yes, do not move the
victim. Immobilize him/ her.

TOP TEN THINGS TO DO IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

1. Shout for HELP!
2. Survey the scene and assess the situation.
3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the nearest hospital or if simple cleansing
and band aid will do.
4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim needs it, begin CPR right away.
5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
6. Treat any symptoms of shock.
7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim.

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 8. Seek trained medical assistance.
9. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious victim.
10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive.

*ALWAYS LOOK FOR A MEDICAL ALERT TAG IN EVERY VICTIM.

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 1: LEARNING OUTSIDE

Interview a bonafide Red Cross member, a para-medical practitioner like a nurse, first
aider, rescuer, health professional, lifeguard, or a physician. Gather information with the use
of the guide questions below.
1. What is the first thing that they do in case of an emergency?
2. How do they prepare themselves for an emergency?
3. What do they consider in addressing emergency situations?
4. What trainings did they undergo?
5. Why did they choose their profession?

Lesson

3 Dressing and Bandages

What’s In

Welcome to your third safety adventure. This will be another and new exciting trip
where you will learn the different dressing and bandages used on wounds and burns. It is
expected that at the end of this lesson, you can explain and properly demonstrate the
bandaging techniques for some unintentional injuries. Good luck again and have a “safety”
journey!
Before you go deeper with the lesson, examine the pictures below and try to answer
the given questions.

1. Have you seen or used any of them? When?

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2. Where?
3. What do you call them?
4. When do you use them?

What’s New

Before you move on to the main lesson, answer the next activity as a review of what
you have learned about first aid.

ACTIVITY 1: TWIST AND MATCH

Arrange the scrambled letters in Column A to form words related to first aid. Connect
them to their correct definition or purpose in Column B.

Column A Column B
1. SINGDERS A. a sterile cloth used to cover wounds
2. CLOD PRESSCOM B. used to reduce swelling
3. OLDC DAP C. can be used as cold compress
4. NABGADES D. used to apply pressure to stop bleeding
5. DOUNW E. the end of the bone is displaced
6. BRUN F. a broken bone
7. SPARINS G. ligaments are torn
8. TRINSAS H. muscles are overstretched
9. FARCTERU I. caused by heat
10. LISDOCATION J. a cut in the skin

How did you find the activity? Were you able to arrange the scrambled letters and
correctly match them to their correct definition or purpose? Check your answer from the
attached answer key at the back of this module.

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 The activity you have just answered has something to do with dressing and bandages.
Are you ready now to dig deeper? If yes, then proceed to the next part of the module.

What is It

Bandages and dressings are both used in wound management. A bandage is a piece
of cloth or other material used to bind or wrap a diseased or injured part of the body. Usually
shaped as a strip or pad, bandages are either placed directly against the wound or used to
bind a dressing to the wound. A dressing can consist of a wide range of materials, sometimes
containing medication, placed directly against the wound.

TECHNIQUES IN APPLYING A DRESSING

1. Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.
2. Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound as possible. Be sure not to touch the
wound.
3. Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over the victim’s skin while you are trying to
position it, discard and use a fresh one.
4. Place the dressing over the wound.
5. Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch beyond the edges of the
wound.
6. If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a dressing that will stick.
7. Then secure the dressing with a bandage or adhesive tape.
⮚ Cold compress is used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially
used for sprains and strains. Cold packs can be used as cold compress.
Hot compress is also used to allow normal blood circulation. Cold and
hot compress are applied alternately for closed wounds or contusions.
⮚ Bandages are used to apply pressure for bleeding; for covering wounds
and burns; and providing support for immobilization for broken bones,
sprains, and strains.

Three Main Types of Bandages

1. Triangular bandage – is made from cloth and can be used as
cold compress, padding, support for pressure, or support sling.
2. Ace bandage – secures dressing in place.

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 3. Tubular bandage – is used to support joints or hold dressings in
place. Smaller tubular bandage is used for finger injuries.

TWO PHASES OF BANDAGING

a. An open phase bandaging is used for wounds on top and back of the head, chest,
back, hand, and foot, and as arm sling.
b. A cravat phase bandaging is used for wounds that need extra support like wound
on the eye, forehead, ear, cheek, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg, elbow, knee, and
palm and for a sprained ankle. The narrower the cravat is, the greater pressure it
will give.

TECHNIQUES IN BANDAGING
1. You keep in mind the following:
a. Always use a square knot.
b. Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection.
c. Always keep the ends.
2. Bandaging technique depends upon the size and location of the wound, your first aid
skills, and materials at hand.
3. Bandage firmly over bleeding and securely over the broken bone, not so tight so as
not to cut off blood circulation.
4. When wrapping bandages around the body, such as knees, ankles, neck, and small
back, use its natural hollows to slide the bandage gently into place.
5. Since most injuries swell, check regularly to ensure that the bandage is still comfortable
and that it remains firmly secured.
6. Secure the bandage with a tape, clips, or a bow square knot. Ensure that the
bandages, especially the knots, do not touch the skin.

How to do a square knot?

⮚ Right over left and left over right.

WOUNDS
⮚ A wound is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body. It may be closed in
which there is no break or damage in the skin. It is also called hematoma or contusions.
A wound may also be an open wound in which there is a break in the skin.

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 Kinds of Open Wounds

1. Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles, and other pointed

objects.
2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface.
3. Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass, or any sharp object.
4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from
mishandling tools and other accidents.
5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues.

How to Manage Wounds:

A. For the management of hematoma, we used the mnemonic RICE:

1. Resting the injured part
2. Ice application
3. Compression
4. Elevation
B. First Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding:
1. Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as necessary to expose wound.
2. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure.
3. Elevate the injured part above the heart except for eye injury and wounds
with embedded objects.
4. Cover wound with sterile dressing and bandage.
5. Care for shock.
6. Consult a physician immediately.

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 2: WOUND AND BANDAGE

Choose from the pictures below the correct type of bandaging to the specified injuries.
Then answer the process questions that follow.

1. An incision in a chest 4. A laceration on the arms

2. An abrasion on a cheek 5. An avulsion on the head
3. A puncture on a foot

Process Questions:
1. Why should we use dressings and bandages on wounds?
2. Can we use any cloth as a dressing or bandage? Why and why not?
3. Aside from wounds, in what other injuries can we use dressings and bandages?
4. Why is it necessary to apply the proper techniques in applying dressings and
bandages?

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 Lesson
Carrying and Transporting
4 an Injured Person

What’s In

How are you going bring an injured person to a safe place? Do you know how to carry
him/her properly? If no, then join me as we travel to your fourth safety adventure. At this stage,
you will experience different things. You will be challenged to analyze situations and use your
muscular strength and endurance to carry and transfer an injured person to a safer place. At
the end of this lesson, you are expected to demonstrate the proper techniques in carrying and
transporting the victims of unintentional injuries.

What’s New

Before you go on further to the lesson, perform Activity 1 to check your knowledge in
carrying and transporting an injured person.

ACTIVITY 1: HOW WILL YOU BRING ME TO A SAFE PLACE?

An injured person needs your help. You must bring her to a safe place. How are you
going to do that? Study the situations and determine the kind of transport that should be
used. Choose your answer from the given pictures below.

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Situations…
No. of
Available Kind of
First Status of Injured Person Must Do
Materials Transport
Aider
1 None Unconscious
Has no injury on arm, leg,
rib, neck, and back
1 None Unconscious Pass
underneath
a low structure.
1 None Unconscious Transport the
victim up the
stairs.
1 Malong Experiencing a very
serious injury and should
not be lifted
1 None Unconscious
Very small
1 None Unconscious
Fat
2 Classroom Unconscious Carry the victim
chairs and No injury on neck, back or downstairs.
tables pelvis
2 None Unconscious
3 None Unconscious Injured person
will be carried
on his back or
face.
3 None Unconscious First Aiders will
have to stay on
one side of the
injured person.

In what emergency situations can we apply these transporting techniques?

How did you find the activity? Were you able to determine the kind of transport needed
in each situation? Check your answer from the attached answer key at the back of this module.
The activity you have just answered has something to do with carrying and transporting
an injured person. Are you ready now to dig deeper? If yes, then proceed to the next part of
the module.

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 What is It

Transporting an injured person to a safer place requires great care. A first aider
must undergo proper training. When doing this, a first aider must consider the following
factors:
a. Weight and height of the victim
b. Status of the victim (conscious or unconscious)
c. Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow, or wide)
d. Special need considerations (injuries of the victims)

ONE – MAN TRANSPORT

Fireman’s Carry – the easiest way to transport a light and

smaller victim
● This technique is for carrying a victim longer distances.
It is very difficult to get the person up to this position from the
ground. Getting the victim into position requires a very strong
rescuer or an assistant. The victim is carried over one shoulder.
The rescuer’s arm, on the side that the victim is being carried, is
wrapped across the victim’s legs, and grasps the victim’s
FIREMAN’S CARRY opposite arm.

Piggy - Back – done when the victim is conscious

● Since the rescuer will need to carry the full weight of

the patient, this method is only advisable if the
rescuer is heavier than the patient or if the rescuer is
strong enough. It is also advisable for patients who
cannot walk but are conscious since unconscious
patients that are carried through this method might
fall.

PIGGY-BACK CARRY

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 Pack Strap Carry – done when the victim is smaller than the
first aider

When injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this method is

better for longer distances than the one-person lift.
✔ Place both the victim’s arms over your shoulders.
✔ Cross the victim’s arms, grasping the victim’s opposite
wrists
✔ Pull the arms close to your chest.
✔ Squat slightly and drive your hips into the victim while
PACK STRAP CARRY bending slightly at the waist
✔ Balance the load on your hips and support the victim
with your legs

Shoulder Drag – used when the floor is

smooth, short distance transport

● The shoulder pull is preferred to the

ankle pull. It supports the head of the
victim but it requires the rescuer to
bend over at the waist while pulling.
✔ Grasp the victim by the SHOULDER DRAG
clothing under the shoulders.
✔ Keep your arms on both sides of the head.
✔ Support the head.
✔ Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as possible.

Fireman’s Drag or Tied-hands Crawl – used

when first aider and victim must crawl
underneath a low structure

● To carry a casualty by this method, lie the

patient flat on his/her back. Cross the patient’s
wrists and tie them together. Kneel astride the
casualty and lift the patient’s arms over your
head so his/her wrists are at the back of your
neck. When you crawl forward, raise your
shoulders high enough so that the casualty’s
FIREMAN’S DRAG head will not bump against the deck or ground.

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Blanket Drag - used when the victim is seriously injured
and should not be lifted.

● This is the preferred method for dragging a

victim.
✔ Place the victim on the blanket by using
the “logroll” or the three-person lift.
✔ The victim is placed with the head
approx. 2 ft. from one corner of the
blanket.
✔ Wrap the blanket corners around the
victim.
BLANKET DRAG
✔ Keep your back as straight as possible.
✔ Use your legs, not your back.
✔ Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as possible.

TWO – MAN CARRY

Chair or Seat Carry – done when there are two first

aiders and a chair is available

● This is a good method for carrying victims up and

down stairs or through narrow or uneven areas.

NOTE: The chair used should be a sturdy one. Do

not use aluminum beach chairs, resin patio chairs,
swivel chairs, or lightweight folding chairs.

CHAIR OR SEAT CARRY REMEMBER: Chairs with wheels can be used to roll
the victim but should not be used for a carry.

THREE OR MORE MAN TRANSPORT

Hammock Carry – done when there are three first

aiders

● Three or more rescuers get on both sides of

the victim. The strongest member is on the
side with the fewest rescuers.

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 Bearer Alongside Carry – done if carriers
must stay on the uninjured side of the victim

● This technique is for lifting a patient into a

bed or stretcher, or for transporting them short
distances.

✔ Each person kneels on the knee nearest

the victim’s feet.
✔ On the command of the person at the
head, the rescuers lift the victim up and rest
BEARER ALONGSIDE CARRY the victim on their knees.

SIX MAN LIFT AND CARRY – done when there are six first aiders

What’s More

ACTIVITY 2: CAMPAIGN FOR SAFETY

Create a slogan that will encourage people in the community to join in the First Aid
Movement. Refer in the rubric below for the criteria and scoring.

RUBRIC FOR SLOGAN

4 3 2 1
Creativity It is exceptionally It is creative and It is creative and It does not reflect
creative. A lot of a good amount of some amount of any degree of
thought and effort thought was put thought was put creativity.
was used to into decorating it. into decorating it.
make the slogan.

Neatness The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is

of work exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms terms of design, attractive though it messy or very
of design, layout, layout, and may be a bit poorly designed. It
and neatness. neatness. messy. is not attractive.

Message All graphics are All graphics are All graphics relate Graphics do not
related to the related to the to the topic relate to the topic.
topic and make it topic and most
easier to make it easier to
understand. understand.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 26

 Lesson
First Aid for Common
5 Unintentional Injuries

What’s In

Accidental injuries impact millions of people throughout the globe each year. Occurring
fast and unexpectedly, many of these injuries happen when you are away from home, and
you could find yourself having to waste valuable minutes waiting for help and assistance to
arrive. Knowing some basic first aid procedures in the event of accidents and injuries can help
you to lessen the impact an injury has and could potentially help you save a family member or
loved one’s life.
Welcome to your last safety adventure! This lesson will culminate your exciting and
significant journey as you learn the causes and proper first aid procedures for common
unintentional injuries. Your knowledge, skills and understanding on this final stage will
completely prepare you to practice safety measures and help yourself, your family, friends,
and your community during emergencies.

What’s New

Before you go on further to the lesson, answer the given activity to check how far do
you know the lesson.

ACTIVITY 1: CLASSIFY ME
Below are lists of injuries that may happen anytime. Classify them as to intentional or
unintentional injuries. Write your answer below the column where each belongs.

FRACTURE DISLOCATION SPRAIN HEAT EXHAUSTION

SUICIDE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FOOD POISONING

CHOKING DROWNING CHILD ABUSE HEART ATTACK

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 27

 INTENTIONAL INJURIES UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

Do you think you classified the injuries correctly? Do not worry. As you go on with this
module, you will discover the different unintentional injuries and how to apply appropriate first
aid.

What is It

Many accidental injuries and emergencies can be prevented by taking another look at
your family's environment, lifestyles, and risks. Finding problems early and responding quickly
is vital. This can help keep situations manageable and stop them from becoming an
emergency.

Unintentional injuries refer to injuries that are unplanned and typically

preventable when proper safety precautions are followed.

Unintentional injuries are injuries that occur without purposeful intent and
are a leading cause of death and disability.

FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

1. Fractures

⮚ A fracture is a break in the bone that can occur from

either a quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute
fracture) or from repeated stress to the bone over time
(stress fracture).

First Aid:

⮚ Apply the R.I.C.E method.

⮚ Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft
padding around the broken bones. Splint the injury with

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 something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or magazines, to prevent the bones from
shifting. Do not move the broken bones. Splints must be long enough to extend beyond
joints above and below the fracture.
⮚ If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pressure to control
bleeding. Do not try to push the bone back into the wound and do not attempt to clean
it.
⮚ Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis may cause
severe internal bleeding.
⮚ Do not give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.

See a doctor if:

⮚ You suspect a fracture or dislocation or if you are unsure of the severity of a sprain or
strain.
⮚ You cannot straighten the affected joint or bear weight on it, or if a joint feel unstable.
⮚ The skin over the injury area is broken.
⮚ The limb below the injury feels numb or tingling, or is white, pale, or blue in colour, or
feels colder compared to the other healthy limb.
⮚ The ligaments of the knee are injured.
⮚ You injure an area that has been injured several times before.
⮚ Pain is severe or lasts longer than 24 hours, or if swelling doesn't subside within 48
hours.
⮚ A sprain or strain does not improve after five to seven days.
⮚ Signs of infection develop.

Prevention
⮚ Many exercise-induced injuries can be prevented. Do not be a "weekend warrior". Get
yourself into shape gradually with a graded exercise programmed. Listen to your body.
Warm up properly and cool off after exercising. Use proper equipment and the correct
technique.
⮚ Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday life. Do not carry heavy objects.
Watch where you step. Keep your home safe.
⮚ To prevent falls, older adults should keep their muscles strong by exercising or doing
tai chi.

2. Dislocation

⮚ When the two bones that come together to form a joint become separated, the joint is
dislocated. Contact sports such as football, basketball, and lacrosse, as well as high

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 impact sports that can result in excessive
stretching or falling, cause most
dislocations. A dislocated joint is an
emergency that requires medical
treatments.

First Aid:

⮚ Rest your dislocated joint. Do not repeat

the action that caused your injury and try to
avoid painful movements.
⮚ Apply ice and heat. Putting ice on your
injured joint helps reduce inflammation
and pain. Use a cold pack for 15 to 20
minutes at a time. For the first day or
two, try to do this every couple of hours
during the day. After two or three days,
when the pain and inflammation have
improved, hot packs or a heating pad
may help relax tightened and sore
muscles. Limit heat applications to 20
minutes at a time.
⮚ Take a pain reliever. Over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin
IB, others), naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), can help relieve
pain.
⮚ Maintain the range of motion in your joint. After one or two days, do some gentle
exercises as directed by your doctor or physical therapist to help maintain range of
motion in your injured joint. Total inactivity can cause stiff joints.
3. Sprain and strain

⮚ A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective tissues that joins the
end of one bone with another.
⮚ A strain is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon - a cord of tissue connecting muscle
to bone.

First Aid:

⮚ Minor sprains and strains can be

treated at home using the following
measures. Start treatment as soon as
possible to reduce swelling and speed
up recovery. The less swelling, the
more blood can get to the injured part
to start the repair process. 8
⮚ Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
⮚ Do not apply heat during the first two
days as this will only increase swelling.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 30

 ⮚ Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain without increasing
bleeding. Thereafter, ibuprofen (or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) or aspirin
is a good choice. Don't give aspirin to a child younger than 16 years.
⮚ Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
⮚ Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
⮚ After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to cause pain.
⮚ Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.
⮚ Strains usually heal in about a week. Sprains may take up to three weeks to heal.

4. Heat Exhaustion
⮚ Heat exhaustion is the moderate
form of heat illness. Heat illness
occurs when a person's core
body temperature rises above a
safe level of the body's internal
temperature range. Heat
cramps are the earliest sign of
heat illness.

First Aid:

Use a combination of the following measures depending on the circumstances and

means available:

⮚ Have the person rest, legs slightly elevated, in a shaded area or cool or air-conditioned
building, room, or car.
⮚ Remove or loosen the person's clothes.
⮚ Give the person an electrolyte drink, such as Gatorade® or Pedialyte®, or water if not
available. Do not give beverages that contain caffeine or alcohol. Note: You can make
a salted drink by adding 1 teaspoon of salt to one quart of water.
⮚ Pour water over the person or spray with a hose. Note: Do not do this if the person is
disoriented.
⮚ Wrap the person in wet cloth and position a fan toward him/her. Evaporation of water
on the skin aids in cooling.
⮚ Apply cold compresses (eg, to neck, armpits, groin).
⮚ If possible, take the person's temperature while starting cooling measures and
continue to check the temperature every few minutes. Once it has gone down to 100°
F, you can discontinue cooling measures, but continue to check the person's
temperature every 30 minutes for 3–4 hours to ensure it stays down.

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5. Food Poisoning

⮚ Food poisoning, also called foodborne

illness, is illness caused by eating
contaminated food. Infectious
organisms — including bacteria,
viruses, and parasites — or their
toxins are the most common causes of
food poisoning.

First Aid:

⮚ Drinking plenty of liquids (preferably with oral rehydration salts to replace lost
electrolytes)
⮚ Ensuring fluid intake even if vomiting persists, by sipping small amounts of water or
allowing ice cubes to melt in the mouth.
⮚ Gradually starting to eat again. No specific restrictions are recommended, but blander
foods might be easier to start with (cereal, rice, toast, and bananas are good
examples).

6. Choking

⮚ Choking is a blockage of the upper airway by food or other objects, which prevents a
person from breathing effectively. Choking can cause a simple coughing fit, but
complete blockage of the airway may lead to death.

First Aid:

● Mild choking: encourage them to cough.

⮚ If the airway is only partly blocked, the person will usually be able to speak, cry, cough
or breathe.
⮚ They will usually be able to clear the blockage themselves.
⮚ To help with mild choking in an adult or child over 1 year old:
● Encourage them to keep coughing to try to clear the blockage.
● Ask them to try to spit out the object if it's in their mouth.
● Do not put your fingers in their mouth to help them as they may bite you
accidentally.
● If coughing does not work, start back blows.

● Severe choking: back blows and abdominal thrusts

⮚ Where choking is severe, the person will not be able to speak, cry, cough or breathe.
Without help, they will eventually become unconscious.
⮚ To carry out a back blow on an adult or child over 1 year old:
✔Stand behind them and slightly to one side. Support their chest with 1 hand.
Lean them forward so the object blocking their airway will come out of their
mouth, rather than moving further down.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 32

 ✔Give up to 5 sharp blows between their shoulder blades with the heel of your
hand. The heel is between the palm of your hand and your wrist.
✔Check if the blockage has cleared.
✔If not, give up to 5 abdominal thrusts.

Abdominal thrusts

⮚ Do not give abdominal thrusts to babies under 1 year old or pregnant women.
⮚ To carry out an abdominal thrust:
✔ Stand behind the person who is choking.
✔ Place your arms around their waist and bend them forward.
✔ Clench 1 fist and place it right above their belly button.
✔ Put the other hand on top of your fist and pull sharply inwards and upwards.
✔ Repeat this movement up to 5 times.
✔ If the person's airway is still blocked after trying back blows and abdominal
thrusts, get help immediately:
✔ Continue with the cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until help
arrives.
✔ If they lose consciousness and are not breathing, you should begin
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with chest compressions.

7. Drowning

⮚ a form of death by suffocation. Death occurs after the lungs take in water. This water
intake then interferes with breathing. The lungs become heavy, and oxygen stops
being delivered to the heart. Without the supply of oxygen, the body shuts down.
First Aid:

⮚ Get immediate help from those present.

⮚ Make sure that the area is clear for the lifeguard.
⮚ Take the drowning person out of the water immediately if they are nearby, but if they
are far you must not swim to them unless you are a skilled lifeguard.

First Aid Measures:

⮚ Place the drowning person on their back on a flat surface and be careful when handling
them as they may be unconscious after bumping their head against something.
⮚ Try to call the drowning person and shake their shoulders to make sure they are
responding.
⮚ If the person does not respond, check his/her breathing.
⮚ If the person is breathing: Place him/her in the recovery position and warm him/her up
with clothes or blankets. Change his/her wet clothes while waiting for the ambulance.

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8. Heart Attack

⮚ A heart attack occurs when the flow of

blood to the heart is blocked. The
blockage is most often a buildup of fat,
cholesterol, and other substances, which
form a plaque in the arteries that feed the
heart (coronary arteries).

First Aid:
If you think someone is having a heart attack:

✔ Have the person sit down, rest, and try to

keep calm.
✔ Loosen any tight clothing.
✔ Ask if the person takes any chest pain medicine, such as nitroglycerin, for a known
heart condition, and help them take it.
✔ If the pain does not go away promptly with rest or within 3 minutes of taking
nitroglycerin, call for emergency medical help.
✔ If the person is unconscious and unresponsive, call 911 or the local emergency
number, then begin CPR.
✔ If an infant or child is unconscious and unresponsive, perform 1 minute of CPR, then
call 911 or the local emergency number.

DO NOT

✔ DO NOT leave the person alone except to call for help, if necessary.
✔ DO NOT allow the person to deny the symptoms and convince you not to call for
emergency help.
✔ DO NOT wait to see if the symptoms go away.
✔ DO NOT give the person anything by mouth unless a heart medicine (such as
nitroglycerin) has been prescribed.

9. Chemical Burns

⮚ Chemical burns can be caused by many substances, such as strong acids, drain
cleaners (lye), paint thinner and gasoline. Usually, you are aware of the burn and its
cause. But sometimes you may not immediately recognize a burn caused by a milder
chemical. As with some sunburns, the pain and redness may develop hours after the
exposure.

First Aid:

✔ Remove the cause of the burn. Flush the chemical off the skin with cool running water
for at least 10 minutes. For dry chemicals, brush off any remaining material before
flushing. Wear gloves or use a towel or other suitable object, such as a brush.
✔ Remove clothing or jewelry that has been contaminated by the chemical.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 34

 ✔ Bandage the burn. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage (not fluffy cotton) or a
clean cloth. Wrap it loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin.
✔ Flush again if needed. If you experience increased burning after the initial flushing,
flush the burn area with water again for several more minutes.

10. Burns

⮚ A burn is tissue damage that results from scalding, overexposure to the sun or other
radiation, contact with flames, chemicals or electricity, or smoke inhalation.

First Aid:

Treating major burns

✔ Protect the burned person from further harm. If you can do so safely, make sure the
person you are helping is not in contact with the source of the burn. For electrical burns,
make sure the power source is off before you approach the burned person.
✔ Make certain that the person burned is breathing. If needed, begin rescue breathing if
you know how.
✔ Remove jewelry, belts, and other restrictive items, especially from around burned
areas and the neck. Burned areas swell rapidly.
✔ Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist bandage or a clean cloth.
✔ Do not immerse large severe burns in water. Doing so could cause a serious loss of
body heat (hypothermia).
✔ Elevate the burned area. Raise the wound above heart level, if possible.
✔ Watch for signs of shock. Signs and symptoms include fainting, pale complexion or
breathing in a notably shallow fashion.

Treating minor burns

✔ Cool the burn. Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water or apply a
cool, wet compress until the pain eases.
✔ Remove rings or other tight items from the burned area. Try to do this quickly and
gently before the area swells.
✔ Do not break blisters. Fluid-filled blisters protect against infection. If a blister breaks,
clean the area with water (mild soap is optional). Apply an antibiotic ointment. But if a
rash appears, stop using the ointment.
✔ Apply lotion. Once a burn is completely cooled, apply a lotion, such as one that
contains aloe vera or a moisturizer. This helps prevent drying and provides relief.
✔ Bandage the burn. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage (not fluffy cotton).
Wrap it loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. Bandaging keeps air off the
area, reduces pain and protects blistered skin.
✔ If needed, take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB,
others), naproxen sodium (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 35

11. Heat Stroke
⮚ Heatstroke occurs when your body temperature rises rapidly, and you are unable to
cool down. It can be life-threatening by causing damage to your brain and other vital
organs. It may be caused by strenuous activity in the heat or by being in a hot place
for too long.

First Aid:

⮚ If you suspect heatstroke, call your local emergency number. Then immediately move
the person out of the heat, remove excess clothing, and cool him or her by whatever
means available, for example:
✔ Place in a tub of cool water or a cool shower.
✔ Spray with a garden hose.
✔ Sponge with cool water.
✔ Fan while misting with cool water.
✔ Place ice packs or cool wet towels on the neck, armpits, and groin.
✔ Cover with cool damp sheets.
✔ Let the person drink cool water to rehydrate if he or she is able. Do not give sugary,
caffeinated, or alcoholic beverages to a person with heatstroke. Also avoid very
cold drinks, as these can cause stomach cramps.
⮚ Begin CPR if the person loses consciousness and shows no signs of circulation, such
as breathing, coughing or movement.

12. Stroke
⮚ A stroke occurs when there's bleeding into your brain or when blood flow to your brain
is blocked. Within minutes of being deprived of essential nutrients, brain cells start
dying.

First Aid:
● If the person is conscious:
✔ Gently place them into a comfortable position. Ideally, they should be lying on their
side with their head and shoulders slightly raised and supported with a pillow or item
of clothing. After this, try not to move them.
✔ Loosen any tight clothing, such as buttoned-up shirt collars or scarves.
✔ If they are cold, use a blanket or coat to keep them warm.
✔ Check that their airway is clear. If there are objects or substances, such as vomit, in
the mouth that may be hindering breathing, place the person on their side in the
recovery position (see below).
✔ Reassure the person. Tell them that help is on the way.
✔ Do not give them any food or liquids.
✔ Note the person’s symptoms and look for any changes in condition. It is important to
give the emergency personnel as much information as possible about the situation.
✔ Try to remember the time that the symptoms started, look at a clock if possible. It is
hard to estimate the passage of time when you are in a stressful situation.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 36

 ● If the person is unconscious:
✔ Move him/her into the recovery position.
✔ Monitor their airway and breathing. To do this:
✔ Lift the person’s chin and tilt their head slightly backward.
✔ Look to see if their chest is moving.
✔ Listen for breathing sounds.
✔ Place a cheek over his/her mouth and try to feel his/her breath.
✔ If there are no signs of breathing, begin CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

What’s More

ACTIVITY 2: “Can I Be?”

Directions. Analyze the situations and answer the process questions that follow.

1. Can a grade 9 student be a first aider? Why and how?

2. Can any member of your family be a first aider? Why and how?
3. Can an ordinary citizen in your community be a first aider? Why and how?
4. Can we all be first aiders? Why and how?

What I Can Do

“Let’s Go and Let’s Do!”

Performance Task though Visualization of a Scenario:

In one household, things are not properly arranged. Knives are put in a place where children
can easily reach. Fruit and vegetable peelings are not properly thrown. Detergent bars and
other laundry materials have no labels. A child is playing in the living while the mother is
cooking.

1. Present one injury that can possibly happen in the situation.

2. If you were in the situation when the injury happened, how are you going to help the victim?

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 37

Criteria: Correctness of Procedures in Applying First Aid, Observance of Safety, and
Instructions.

Your performance will be graded based on the following criteria:

Very Good Good Fair Poor

CRITERIA
(4 points) (3 points) (2 points) (1 point)
All of the Majority of the Some of the None of the
Correctness of
procedures procedures procedures procedures
Procedures in
were followed. were followed. were followed. were
Applying First Aid
followed.
Observance of Observance of Observance of Observance
Safety is very Safety is Safety is fairly of Safety is
Observance of Safety clear and generally clear executed with not clear and
perfectly and properly some not well
executed. executed. inconsistencies. executed.
All of the Majority of the Some of the None of the
instructions instructions instructions instructions
Instructions
were followed. were followed. were followed. were
followed.

Assessment

Directions. Identify what is being described in each of the following statements. Write the
letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Who among the Grade 9 students are good first aiders?

Student A who tells his brother the severity of the injury
Student B who comforts his classmate while treating his fracture
Student C who stays calm while treating his wound on the finger
Student D who performs the proper procedure in giving first aid to poisoning

A. Students A and B only B. Students A, B and C only

C. Students B and C only D. Students B, C and D only

2. Why is it important to follow proper techniques and procedures in giving first aid?
A. It may lead to further harm.
B. It can replace a nurse or a doctor.
C. It can alleviate pain and save lives.
D. It gives initial treatment to an injured person.
3. To whom can you apply your knowledge and skills in first aid?
A. oneself B. family C. community D. all of the above

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 38

 4. When do we use primary survey on the victim?
A. When the victim is conscious
B. When the victim is unconscious
C. During the survey of the scene
D. After the victim has regained his consciousness
5. To which situation can this saying “Prevention is better than cure” be applied?
I. Person A who practices safety consciousness at all times.
II. Person B who performs proper first aid to an injury.
III. Person C who proceeds to primary survey of the victims upon seeing that
the scene is not safe.
IV. Person D who keeps things at home and in school in order.

A. I, II, III B. I, II, IV C. II, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV

6. Which is used to transport an unconscious victim who should not be lifted due to
serious injuries?
A. blanket drag B. chair drag
C. hammock carry D. lover’s carry

7. Which is the correct sequence in giving first aid to severe bleeding?

I. Apply direct pressure over the wound with fingers over a sterile dressing.
II. Use gloves if available. Remove or cut cloth to expose the wound.
III. Raise and support the injured part above the casualty’s heart.
IV. Secure dressing with bandage.

A. I, II, III, IV B. II, I, III, IV C. IV, I, II, III D. I,II,IV,III

8. What happens when we live a safe life?

A. We can help others. B. We can give first aid.
C. We can have a happy life. D. We can solve environmental problems.

9. Injuries happen at any time. What should we do to prevent unintentional injuries?

A. We must reduce the risk of accidents.
B. We must practice safety measures at all times.
C. We must equip ourselves with proper knowledge and skills in first aid
D. All of the above

10. Which is the correct sequence in doing emergency action principle?

I. Survey the scene.
II. Check for responsiveness.
III. Do primary survey of the victim.
IV. Do secondary victim of the victim.

A. I, II, IV, III B. I, II, III, IV C. IV, III, II, I D. I,III,II,IV

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 39

40 Health 9 Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
WHAT I KNOW
1. A 6. C
2. A 7. A
3. D 8. D
4. B 9. D
5. C 10. A
LESSON 1
What’s In
Activity 1
1. First Aid Kit 4. Scissors 7. Cotton Applicators
2. Tweezers 5. Pills 8. Ointment
3. Band-Aid 6. Band-Aid 9. Adhesive Tape
LESSON 3
What’s In
The pictures are some examples of dressings and bandages used to
cover a wound, to stop bleeding and immobilize broken bones, sprains, and
strains.
What’s New
ACTIVITY 1: TWIST AND MATCH
1. DRESSING A
2. COLD COMPRESS B
3. COLD PAD C
4. BANDAGES D
5. WOUND J
6. BURN I
7. SPRAINS G
8. STRAINS H
9. FRACTURE F
10. DISLOCATION E
Answer Key
41 Health 9 Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
LESSON 3
WHAT’S MORE
1. An incision on a chest K
2. An abrasion on a cheek J
3. A puncture on a foot C, L
4. A laceration on the arms B,E,F
5. An avulsion on the head C
LESSON 4
Whats New
LESSON 5
What’s New
ACTIVITY 1: CLASSIFY ME
ASSESSMENT
1. D
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. C
 References
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Www.Sja.Org.Uk. Accessed May 16, 2020. https://www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/key-stage-
first-aid-lesson-plans/key-stage-4-first-aid-lesson-plans/ks4-bone-muscle-and-joint-
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Accessed January 25, https://www.emedicinehealth.com/choking/article_em.htmOctober
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“Dislocation”, mayoclinic, Accessed January 25, 2021 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-

conditions/dislocation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354119

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“First aid for burns,” Mayo Clinic, January 25, 2021. https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-
aid-burns/basics/art-20056649, January 30, 2018.

“First aid for chemical burns,” Mayo Clinic, Accessed January 25, 2021.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chemical-burns/basics/art-20056667,
February 08, 2018.

“First aid for stroke: What do you do?” Medical News Today, Accessed January 24, 2021
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319007#what-are-the-first-steps-in-dealing-
with-stroke

“Health Statistics”. nwhu.on.ca, Accessed January 24, 2021.

https://www.nwhu.on.ca/ourservices/healthstatistics/Pages/Unintentional-Injuries.aspx

“Heart attack first aid: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia”, MedlinePlus, Accessed January
25, 2021. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000063.htm

“Heart attack”, Mayo Clinic. Accessed January 24, 2021,

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-
20373106 ,June 16, 2020

“Heat Exhaustion, First Aidhttps”, Skinsight, Accessed January 25, 2021

https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-heat-
exhaustionhttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154555#treatment

“Heatstroke”, Mayo Clinic: First aid, January 25, 2021. https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-

aid/first-aid-heatstroke/basics/art-
20056655#:~:text=If%20you%20suspect%20heatstroke%2C%20call,Spray%20with%20a
%20garden%20hose., April 01, 2020.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Health 9 42

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900

Contact Number: (077)-771-3678

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