2024

EXAMPLE 3 -1
A W250X80 IS USED AS A PIN-CONNECTED COLUMN OF . DETERMINE

THE COLUMN'S CRITICAL OR BUCKLING LOAD IF THE COLUMN LENGTH IS (A)

6 5m , AND
.
(b) 4 5m ASSUME THAT
. .
THE STEEL HAS A PROPORTIONAL LIMIT

OF 248 MPa
.

SOLUTION :

STEP 1 : GIVEN

W250X80 U :
Imm E :
200 000
,

A 10
:
, 200mm2 Vy 65mm
=
Fp :
248MPa

STEP 2: USE THE LESSER rxEry

rx : Illmm (
ry =
65mm > USE
-

FOR SLENDERNESS RATIO

STEP 3 : SOLVE FOR SLENDERNESS RATIO

B)
A) COLUMN LENGTH : 6 5m.
COLUMN LENGTH : 4 5m.

SLENDERNESS RATIO : Yiy :

6500/65 = 100 SLENDERNESS RATIO : 1500/65 :
69 23.

STEP 1 : SOLVE FOR BUCKLING LOAD

A) CRITICAL BUCKLING STREss : fc : TE

;
f2 π2(200 000)
=
,
;
fc : 197 39
.

(Yr)
ELASTIC
(100) fC FP .: RANGE

P) CRITICAL BUCKLING STRESS : ELITE ;

fliM2 (200 000) ,
;
fc +11 85 : .

(4)
INELASTIC
(69 23)2
.
fC FP :: Range

A) BUCKLING LOAD :
B) BUCKLING LOAD

PC : Fc ·
A SINCE IT IS INELASTIC RANGE
P2 197 392 (10 200) :
2013 399kN
EULER
: .

EQUATION IS NOT
.

APPLICABLE

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 2024

EXAMPLE 3-2 :
9) COLUMN LENGTH ,
L = 3m

A W300 X 75 IS USED A COLUMN WITH UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF L .

rx =
132 & ry 49 8 = . -USE ry EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR : K :
0 80
.

THE COLUMN IS FIXED AT THE BOTTOM AND PINNED ON TOP .

CALCULATE ·
SOLVE SRC

THE LRFD DESIGN STRENGTH AND ASD ALLOWABLE STRENGTH OF THE SRC KOL
< 1
Ey
=
71

COLUMN WHEN (a) L =

3m
,
(b) =
bm . USE Fy 345MPa
= .
ry
SOLUTION : SRC 48 19 4 7t 48 19 113 %0
80(3000) 200 000 113 40
.

0
. .
.
.
= ,
: :
.

STEP 1 : GIVEN 49 .
8 345 : USE For -

(0 358)ty
.

A :
9420mm2 Ox : 132mm be :
Comm +f 16 3mm
= .

fy : 345 MPs ·
SOLVE FOR Fe

be :
205mm : 49 8mm d =
310mm tw : 9 Tmm fe ME fe : 42 (200 000) 849 9MPa
ry
. .
. : ,
:
;

Y 205mm X
(SRC) ↓ 8 1932 .

A
" 16 3 . ·
SOLVE FOR FOR
X

310mm 277 4 .
fai : (0 658 F3/Fe) fy
.

;
fcR : 0 .
658345/849 9) (345) .

; f(R : 291 09MPa .

SOLVE FOR PN
·

V PN FCR: .
A i PD =
(291 09)(9420)
.
; Pn :
2742 .
0 7kN

LRFD
·
Y Y ·
ASD

94 Pumax Pumax
.

= 0 .

90(2742) :
2742/1 .

67

STEP 2: SOLVE FOR WEB AND FLANGE ELEMENT

Pumax :
2467 8 kN .
Pumax 1641 : . 9 KN

·
UNSTIFFENED ELEMENT (FLANGE) b) COLUMN LENGTH : 7 5m .

0 5 (b + ) 0 5(205) 6 28 0 56 E 0 56 200 000 13 48 SR = K 2

8 (7500) 4814 71 200 , 000 113 TO
; 0
.
.

OR
120 USE FOR
.
. .
. .

: = , . :

: . .
=
=

If 16 3
by 345 395
ry 49 0 877 Fe
.

. 8 .

6 28 13 48 NON-SLENDER
M2 (200 000)
:.
fe ME fe 135 98MPa
.
.

: =
,
:
.

STIFFENED ELEMENT (WEB) 482

(SR2)2
·
120 .

d-2(f) =
310 - 2 (16 .
3) :
29 51 . 1 49
. 200
, 000 :
35 88
. fCR : 0
. 877fc ;
fCR = 0 877
.
(135 98) .
:
/19 26 MPq.

tw .I
9 395 Pn =
fCR .
A
·
LRFD
·
ASD

29 51 35 88 :: NON-SLENDER Pn 119 26(9420) 1123 43KM 0 9(1123 +3) 1011 087 1123 43/1 :

561
,
:
67
. : .

. : .

. . . .
.

KN

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 2024

EXAMPLE 3-3 STED SOLVE FOR AND Ry

4 :
ly NOTE
:

ly
3
FOUR PLATES 1OMM X150MM ARE WELDED TOGETHER TO FORM A BOX =
BCH)3 -
BCH) ly =
24850000 INSIDE ANG BASE

COMPRESSION MEMBER AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 3-6 . THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF 12 12

THE MEMBER IS K =
TM . IF THE SERVICE AXAL DEAD LOAD OF THE MEMBER ly = 150x1703 -
130x1503 ry :
Ly ; Ty : 24850000
; ry
: 64 356mm
.

12 A
IS LOOKN ,
COMPUTE THE MAXIMUM SERVICE AXIAL LIVE LOAD THAT CAN BE
12 6000

SUPPORTED
. USE fy : 250 MPa .
rx 58 24mm
= .

Vy = 64 356mm.

DIAGRAM :
STEP 5 SOLVE FOR : SLENDERNESS RATIO

X SRC = K 2 4000 SRc : 68 68. 4 71.

200
, 000
133 27
;
. .

; :

58 24 250
TX .

I
OTHERWISE USE :
FY/Fe
68-68 133 22 .: USE FCR 0 658
fy
- 130mm
=
FOR
.

.
: 0 877Fe
.

I STEP 6 : SOLVE FOR Fe

150mm
π2 (200 000)
K Y
+18 +26N

Fext2E
.

,
2 =
:

K 170mm >
(68 68)2 .

SOLUTION : STEP 7 : SOLVE FOR FOR

STEP 1 : GIVEN Fer = (0 658 Fy/Fe)(fy)

.
FCR : 194 .
686MPG

fy K = Im FCR 10 658250/18 +26) (250)

.

=
250MP9 :
.

E : 200 , 000 MPG PD :

100KN(DEAD LOAD) STEP 8 : SOLVE FOR PA

STEP 2 : SOLVE AREA Pn =

FCR -
A Pn :
1168 116 kN .

As I #P(+ x
H) Ag :
6000mm2 Pn 194 = - 686 (6000)
Ag =
+ (10 150)
x STEP 9 : SOLVE FOR LRFD & ASD

STEP 3 :
SOLVE FOR IX & UX
·
LRFD ·
ASD
3
9(PN)
3
0 PN/1
bh3 b3
IX 170 x 5 150x130 20350000 67
; Ix
= : .

;
.

-
-

12 12 0 9 . (1168 (16) .
1168 .

110/1 . 67

rx NOTE: 1051 304KN 699

. 47 KN
#
=
k 20350000 rx = 58 24 mm
=
;
.

;
.

6000 OUTSIDE BASE

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 2024

EXAMPLE
ly d ry
3-4 STEP 4 : SOLVE FOR

(252 123)
THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF THE BUILT-UP COLUMN SHOWN IS K :
6 2m .

ly =
(wy + 2 x + (252 x
(2) (107 5) 2 .

USING Fy 12
:
345MPa DETERMINE THE LRFD AND ASD ALLOWABLE AXAL STRENGTH
,

by
( 5))
OF THE COLUMN. =
18 7 x106 .
+ 2252x123 + (252 x 12) (107 .

; Ey :
88664776
12
DIAGRAM :
As N
/ 88664776 81 14
ry :

i ; ry :
.

Ag 13468 ↳USE rx >

ry
A. Ay A2
.
STEP 5: SOLVE FOR SRC
252 mm

SRC :1 < 1 7) .

E -

ry fy
/4 71
A3 Y
Sic : 6200
iSRC : 76 41 .
:

200 , 000
:
113 40 .

i 203mm
Y
12 mm
Y
81 H . 345

U 5gFelFe)fy
OTHERWISE
SOLUTION : 76 4 113 40 ; 0 877Fe
.

.
.

STEP 1 : GIVEN STEP 6 : SOLVE FOR Fe

d 252mm
+2200
A :
7120mm2 =
bf =
203mm +f = 13 5mm
.

fy = 345MPa Fe = T2 E 000
; fe : 338 09N .

tw
,
: 8mm [wx 87-10 % m"
:
lwy = 18 .
7 X10mm" K : 6 2m . E = 200 ,
000MPa SRch

STEP 2 : SOLVE FOR STEP 7 SOLVE FOR FCM

Ay
:

Ag : A +
2(BXH) Ag : 13468 mm2 FCR = (0 658Fy/Fe)(Fy)
- FCR : 225 08MPa .

Ag 7420 +
2(252 /2) F2R (0 658345/326 09)(345) Pr (225 07)(13468)
.

: x : .
=
.
:
3031 . 25kN

STEP 3 : SOLVE FOR IX &UX STEP 8 : SOLVE FOR ASD & LRFD

1x = [Nx +
(B
3)
Ex 87 106 + 2

(12x252) 1190060 LRFD ASD

·
> = x
·

: =

0 .

9/3031 25) .
3031 .

25/67
UX : 119006016 2728 13 KN .
1815. 12 kH

13468

rx = 44 00mm
.

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 2024

EXAMPLE 3-6 STEP 3 : SOLVE FOR FO

A 7 5m
.
W300 X /43 COLUMN IS BRACED AND SUPPORTED AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 39
Fe :
H2 (200 000) Fe :
+(200 000) Fe : 668 29 MPa
: ;
.
. .
, ,

THE COLUMN IS TO SUPPORT AN AXAL DEAD LOAD OF 1200 KN . DETERMINE THE (SRC) :
(54 348)2
.

MAXIMUM SERVICE AXIAL LIVE LOAD THAT CAN BE SUPPORTED BY THE COLUMN .
USE STEP
4: SOLVE FOR FOR

Fy :
345 - FCR :
(0 Fylie) (fy)
. 656 FCR : 277 .

958 MPA

X
- X AXIS Y-Y AXIS Fer :
(0 658345/668 29)(345)
.
.

STEP 5 : SOLVE Pn
*
X
. 5m
3 Pn =
FCR
. A Pn : 5058 84kN
.

7 50 Pn =
(277 958) (18200)
i
. .

& Om .
STEP 6 : SOLVE FOR LRED4 ASD

V
↳ LRFD
·
ASD

Pumax Pumax PN/1

(PN)
:
: 09 .
.
67

SOLUTION : Pumax 0 9/5058 84) :

. .
Pumax :
5058 .

84/1 .
67

STEP 1: GIVEN Pumax 4552 : .

956 KN Pumax : 3029 .
25 KN

A 18200mm" Pumax I 2(DL) 6(4) Pumax D + L

fy E 200 , 000 + 1
:

138mm ; ry 78 345MPa ;
:
5mm ;
:
; rx =
: .
: :
.

PD /200 mm
:
4552 956.
: 1 .

2/1200) + 1 6 /(2) .
3029
. 25 : 100 + L

STEP 2 : SOLVE FOR SRC FOR X Ey AXIS (2 : 1945 . 598kN Ic : 1829 . 25kN

·
X-AXIS

SRX : KX ·

(X ; SRX : 1 (7500) :
54 . 348 > CRITICAL
-

rx 138

4- AXIS
·

SRy Ky Ly SRy
A(4000
= .
: 50 95 .

; =

ry

/EMS
200, 000
54 348
.
4 71.

345
:
113 403 .
::
USE (0 .
658
/F2) (ty) Fe

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COLUMNS PLATES PRACTICE PROBLEMS
 2024

COLUMN BASE PLATES STEPS IN SOLVING BASE PLATE (ASD)

STEP 1: SOLVE FOR Pa

·
Pa =
PD + P
·
PLATE DIMENSION :
/Ac = 2 .

31
STEPS IN SOLVING BASE PLATE
((RFD) STEP 2 : SOLVE FOR Al
STEP 1 LIST THE STEP SOLVE (0 85) (f() (A)
:
PARAMETERS 5 FOR Tmin PP Pa
: · .
1 Pa Solve For Al
·
bf off tmin =
[2PU Ic
sc
·

dofy 0.

9 BNFY ·
As D
STEP 2 : SOLVE FOR CRFD
STEP 3 : TRY PLATE DIMENSION ON THE NEAREAST OTH

* Pu : ( .

2(D) 1.6(x) + TRY PLATE BEN =

A
·
Ai :
(B) (N) NOTE PLATE DIMENSION AREA ·
A2/A
PLATES)
:
SOLVE : As : BXN (ASSUMED ,

* &PP-PU NOTE : 1 :
0 65
.
Az : BXB (BASED CONCRETE ·
Az :
(B) (H) NOTE : CONCRETE DIMENSIONS

* 0 .

65/0 85 F2A) .
=
PU NOTE : SOLVE Al
STEP 1 : SOLVE FOR PP/AC
* As < D
(OKAU)
FA, #
·

:
0 85
.

STEP 3 : SOLVE FOR & PP dc Ma As

A2/A ,
SHOULD BE LESS THAN ·

PP/2c > Pa ; OKAY

*
85 fcA , A NOTE &C
APP 0 c0 : 0 65
:
: ,
.

STEP
.

5 : SOLVE FOR Tmin

<n)
STEP 4 SOLVE FOR Tmin
(M
:
·
Tmin I : I Pr WHERE : I =
max
,
N
,

tmin =
LIPO NOTE : WHERE L = Max (m D (n) , , 0 .
9BNTy
0 9 BNEy
.

·
M =
N- 0 .
95 d X :
1 . 0

1. ) ↓1 -0 95d
2) )N 2
=de
m =
.
D = B- 0 85bf . 3.

2 2 · N =B -0 . 8bf
2

#) x =
Pdbs .
Pr 5)x = 2 x A 6) An ·
n' =
dbf
(dtbt) PcPp If 1-X USE 1 I

NOTE : USE MAX JM ,

N ,
NnY FOR L

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 2024

EXAMPLE 4-23 WHERE :

SOLUTION : Al : 550 x 550 :

302500 mm

STEP 1 : GIVEN Az : 650X650 = 422500 mm

ASTM A992 ; Fy :
345MPG ASTM A36 :
Fy = 248MPG

Fr 448MPa
:
Fr :
400MPG LRFD : OPP : 0 .
65(0 85 (207) (302500) 169/121
.

.
:
4088 64kN.
> 3264KN : GooD

PP/23) 85(+8)/302500) (2170 KN

H
0
PEDESTAL 650X650mm ASD : 2723 03 KN GOOD
:
.

CONCRETE :
.

: ::
.

2 . 3)
d 356mm
=
+f : 18mm fc : 20 7MPG
.
PD : 520KN STEP 5 : SOLVE FOR THICKNESS

bf =
368mm tw =
/ . 2 mm W350 X 134 Pu 1650KN : ·
LRFD
·
ASD

STEP 2: SOLVE FOR LRFD & ASD Tmin : 12 Po :

39 74 . Tmin =
(209 :
39 72 mm
.

mm
·
(RED ·
ASD 0 .

9BNfy BNFy/1 :
67

Pu =
( -

2(D) + 1 .
6/2) Pa : Dc + Lc SOLVE FOR M ,
N, XN
Pr = 1 .

2(520) + 1 .

6/1650) Pa : 520 + 1650 M =

N-0 . 95d M = 550-0 95/356) M = 105 9 mm
; ;
. .

PU :
3264 kN Pa :
2170 kN 2 I

STEP 3 :
SOLVE FOR A , & = B-0 8 Bf N = 550 - 0 8/368) n =
127 8 MM
; ;
.
.
.

·
LRFD ·
ASD 2 2

DPp1 Po Polic Pa n' 1 (356)(36 n' = 90 49mm

:
n' dbe ;
:

;
.

0 .
65/0 85 fcA)) .
: Pu 0 .

85 fcAlf231 :
2170 4
0 .

65/0 85(20 7)(A)

.
.
:
3264x103 0 .
85 (207) .

(A) /2 . 31 : 2170 X 103

A :
285, 395 7637mm . A :
284 , 893 . 4356

A, :
534 22mm .
> D As :
533 75 mm) D
.

TRY 550 x 550

TRY 550x550

OPP
STEP 4 : SOLVE FOR & & PP/ ,

IRFD ·

ASD

&PP :
0 .
65/0 . 85 -cA1) PP/c = 0 85fcAl
.

#
As Ic Al

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 2024

EXAMPLE 4-24 STEP

4 : SOLE FOR APP AND PP/AC
SOLUTION
·As
:
·
LRFD

PcPp 0 c0 85-c'A
#0 fcA
STEP 1 : GIVEN

H
: . ! . 85

DL = 350kN PEDESTAL : SIZE dOOmmX 400mm As

PL 750KH fc' 27 5MPA fy 248MPa
:
: . : WHERE :

COLUMN : W330x 179 ASTM 1992 As :

350 X 350 : 122 ,
500 mm2
,

d = 335mm +f = 28 2 . mm Ac : 400 X 100 : 160 ,

000 mm2

bf : 312 mm tw 18mm :

STEP 2 : SOLVE FOR LRFDE ASD DcPp : 0 65 .

/0 85) (27 5) /122 500)
.
.

,
160 000 ,
PP/2c =
#0 85/27 5)/122 500) /60
. .
, ,
000

ASD 122 500 2 36 122 ,500

·

LRFD · ,
.

Pa PP/dc
Pu 1
2(D) + 1 6(2) D + L c 2 3) XcPp 2127 125KN P 1620KN (416KN > Da 1100kA
= = :
= : =
. . = .
.

Pu =
1 .

2(350) + 1 6(750) . Pa : 350 + 750 STEP 5 : SOLVE FOR T

Pu =
/620 Pa :
100 ·
LRFD ·
ASD

STEP 3 : SOLVE FOR A ,

tmin [ = 2 Pr 27. 73 mm tmin = [ 2Pa : 28 02mm
.

·
LRFD ·
ASD 0 9 BNFy
.
BNFy/1 .
67

DPp = Pu Pilec 1 Pa SOLVE FOR M ,

N, XN

Pr =
0 65 .

/0 85 -cA)
. Pa =
(0 .
85 -(A) M =
N- 0 . 95 d
M
=
350-0 .

95(333) =
16 825mm
.

1620x108 =
0 .
65/0 .

85(27 5) .

(A) 2 31 .
2 2

A : 106 ,
622 789 . 1100x10 :
(0 83(27 5) (A))
.
. n = B- 0 8 Bf
.

;
N =
350-0 .
8/312) =
50 2 mm .

A, =
326 . 53 mm 2 3)
.
2 2

As 108 705 8821 mm

(333)(312)
+
iN 80 58 m
if
:
,
.

n' de =

=
.

As :
329 . 701 mm

TRY 350mm TRY

· ·
X 350mm 350mm X 350mm STEP 6 : SOLVE FOR THICKNESS MIN .

·
LRFD & ASD

USE PL 30mm X 350mm X 350mm

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