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This approach not only motivates current performance but also assists the recruitment of current
employees as qualified candidates for future positions (Barr, 1993). Bruce and Pepitone (1999)
propose an interesting viewpoint according to which managers cannot motivate employees; managers
can only influence what employees are motivated to do. Composite Reliability (CR) and Average
Variance Extracted (AVE) were performed to illustrate convergent validity. They provide conceptual
and practical implications for ELT materials that use illustrations to improve international
interpersonal abilities and comprehension of culture. A Brief Literature Review on Employee
Motivation Posted on March 25, 2013 by John Dudovskiy Bruce and Pepitone (1999) propose an
interesting viewpoint according to which managers cannot motivate employees; managers can only
influence what employees are motivated to do. Gender (1 indicating male and 0 indicating female)
and marital status (1 indicating married and 0 indicating other status) were dummy coded. The
endeavor to achieve exceedingly high benchmarks and the inclination to be excessively self-critical
provide the framework for a multifaceted interaction between perfectionism and different aspects of
language acquisition, specifically within the realm of EFL instruction. Pierce et al. ( 1984 ) evaluated
environmental structures on different levels (job, technology, work unit, leadership) and how these
influence employee behavior (performance, absenteeism, intrinsic motivation, etc.). Results show
that job and technology are the most important aspects explaining responses. It should be noted that
performance management sets expectations for teachers’ performance and thus motivates them to
work harder in ways expected by the municipal directorate of education under GES. In the early
20th century, leadership traits were studied to determine what made certain people great leaders.
Finally, Table 5 illustrates results for hypotheses testing using HLM. What one employee perceives
as the optimal workplace design might be perceived as dissatisfying to another. Their results mainly
correspond to those of Herzberg; however, communication and flexibility enabled by ICT became
motivators highlighting the role of technology. By taking a diary approach, Lazar et al. ( 2006 )
examined frustrating effects when using computers. This proposed framework is an extension of
existing theories of motivation, both self-determination theory ( Deci and Ryan, 1985 ) and the
hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation ( Vallerand, 1997 ). This hints towards a
rather indirect relationship —researchers in 39 publications describe such mechanisms. In this
perspective, some factors act as mediators between the external influence and the motivational
processes. Additionally, the country-level moderating factors of those individual-level associations
were examined. The high compensation is evidenced by government of Ghana reform in salary
structure and bolstered by the effort of the Member of Parliament (MP) through the sharing of
teaching and learning materials (TLMs) in the municipality. This will motivate people to work harder
for collective goals, contributing to the development of organizations. Examples of concept papers
for research students free term paper outline examples thomas jefferson essay questions self
confidence essay in english solving area problems grade 3. Such concerns have raised questions such
as the following: (1) Does pay rise correlate with performance? (2) Are there other factors that ought
to be considered in the nexus between motivation and performance? (3) Are there any significant
differences in the level of performance among various age cohorts (4) Do educational background
motivate teachers to perform better. The objective of this paper is to examine the link between job
motivation factors and performance among basic school teachers in Ghana. In the early 20th century,
leadership traits were studied to determine what made certain people great leaders. However,
arguments have been made that traditional literature reviews lack rigor and replicability and that
even when rigor is maintained, the chosen methodology may not match the content of the material
or the purpose of the contribution ( Tranfield et al., 2003; Snyder, 2019 ). In this study, we examine
the relationship between job motivation factors and performance among teachers of basic schools in
Ghana. Four hypotheses have been advanced regarding the causal relationship between job
satisfaction and organizational commitment: a satisfaction causes commitment, b commitment causes
satisfaction, c satisfaction and commitment are reciprocally related, and d no causal relationship
exists between the two constructs. Long-linked technologies describe a structured system with clear
cause-and-effect-relationships. An incidental finding was that the odds of turnover were three times
greater in female officers with children than in female officers with no children. A purposeful
sampling strategy targeted 563 individuals from diverse Chinese universities and language schools,
representing major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Human resour ce management
is aimed at recr uiting capable, flexible and committed people, managing and rewarding their
performance and developing ?ey competencies.
Self-reflection, as evaluated by the Reflective Learning Scale (RLS) and Metacognitive Awareness
(MA), demonstrates effective measurement with factor loadings ranging from 0.88 to 0.92. The
observed high loadings suggest that both the RLS and MA measures effectively capture the
underlying concept of Self-Reflection, providing evidence of participants’ engagement in reflective
learning activities and their knowledge of metacognitive processes. The Creative Commons Public
Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise
stated in a credit line to the data. Based on the definition of the job as “an aggregation of tasks
assigned to a worker” ( Wong and Campion, 1991, p. 825), the conceptualization of job motivation
has generally entailed an aggregation of different tasks into motivation for the job as a whole. We
cannot expect an individual to start working like a robot with complete involvement in the work
without knowing with whom he is working. In the early part of the 2000s, teachers were part of the
public servants whose agitation for improved condition of service did not go unnoticed. Their results
mainly correspond to those of Herzberg; however, communication and flexibility enabled by ICT
became motivators highlighting the role of technology. In addition to having attitudes about their
jobs as a whole. They are characterized by highly standardized sequential processes like an assembly
line. Older works such as Herzberg et al.’s “Motivation to Work” also showed up, but as later
editions. Havelock, Francois Rabelais, Marshall McLuhan 1181 Words 4 Pages The Relationship
Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate Introduction Adelphoi Village is a private,
non- profit company that provide community based services to children and adolescents in the
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia area. As these insights are mainly assumptions
at this stage, further research on this topic seems both interesting and necessary. J Serv Res 9(2)
Spector PE (1997) Job satisfaction: application, assessment, causes, and consequences. In addition,
this study aimed to delineate the mediating role of perfectionism and the moderating influence of
cultural variables on the components that determine writing proficiency. Therefore, the raised
awareness contributes to the ongoing development of one’s writing abilities. In this paper, we have
already provided a definition of workplace technology. Hence, this paper investigates the
moderating effects, including religious affiliation, political participation, humane orientation, and in-
group collectivism, on the psychological needs-work motivation association. Job motivation is a well-
documented construct connected to several company-relevant performance outcomes. Moreover, the
observed positive connection between Cultural Influences and many psychological dimensions
underscores the complex interaction between cultural values and individual educational encounters.
Here, it is not the functionality of the furniture, but its symbolism that influences perceived fairness
and extrinsic motivation (Vilnai-Yavetz et al. 2005 ). Elsewhere, using technology as rewards is
mostly based on managerial recommendations, the scientific value of which is low (DeVoe and
Prencipe 2001; O’Donovan 2002; Sidler 1984 ). The implication for improving the Chinese
workforce, in particular blue-collar occupations, is discussed. With a greater level of uncertainty
coming from increasingly demanding customers, service organizations need to empower their
employees to go extra miles to meet customer expectations. The construct of Learning Self-Efficacy,
which is measured on a scale ranging from 2 to 5, has a mean value of 4.20 and a standard deviation
of 0.80. These statistics indicate that participants typically had a high degree of confidence in their
perceived capability to acquire proficiency in the English language. Cultural threads in writing
mastery: a structural analysis of The literature review then examines major theoretical frameworks
and empirical studies on perfectionism, learning self-efficacy, motivation, and EFL writing
competence. Since employees deliver this service to members, human resource management and
employee job satisfaction and motivation becomes paramount. Other researchers evaluate office
layout or changing environments due to flexible work models. Performance appraisal involves formal
evaluation of one’s job performance. The endeavor to achieve academic achievement, which is
closely linked to broader societal desires for social acknowledgment, has a substantial impact on
students’ motivational tendencies. Institutional Review Board Statement Not applicable. We also
assessed reference lists to add further relevant publications (backward snowballing). Individuals
exhibiting perfectionist tendencies may possess a greater propensity for generating written work of
superior quality, hence potentially yielding economic ramifications in the domains of proficient
communication, scholastic success, and future job prospects.
Today, new technologies enable an almost seamless interaction between machines and humans and
allow teams in different countries and time zones to collaborate effectively. The study hypothesized
that there is a strong relationship between performance and intrinsic rewards, which is derived from
the performance of the task itself, while extrinsic rewards, such as pay, security and working
conditions, were found subject to several other influences. Human resour ce management is aimed at
recr uiting capable, flexible and committed people, managing and rewarding their performance and
developing ?ey competencies. A sharp decline in motivation can be explained by a drop in the Job
Characteristics. Here we show that RIPK3 is over expressed in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of
obese mice fed with a choline-deficient high-fat diet. Int J Educational Dev. 2023;103:102874. Dong
L. Examining the relationship between socioeconomic status, self-regulated learning strategies, and
writing proficiency in English as a second language learning context. In their Expanded Work
Design Model based on the JCM, Humphrey et al. ( 2007 ) conducted a meta-analysis with 259
studies and 219,625 participants. The paper reviews the assorted issues making discontent with the
public presentation assessment systems within many organisations and demonstrates how these jobs
inhibit successful strategic control. English as a world opener in Chinese universities: fostering
interculturally aware communities of learners in the English reading classroom. Technologies in the
workplace, such as mobile devices, the Internet of Things, or AI-based applications, shape modern
work processes and spaces. Examining measurement properties of an English self-efficacy scale for
English language learners in Korea. The framework developed in this research may be useful as a
guide by academicians and practitioners in understanding the mechanisms through which
motivational factors affect job performance among teachers in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana. The
implications of this discovery go beyond science. For Later 64% 64% found this document useful,
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Analysis of Studies Examining Factors Impacting Job Satisfaction Among Librarians from 1970 to
1991 Uploaded by Urmila Mukundan AI-enhanced title literature review on job satisfaction among
employees Full description Save Save literature review on job satisfaction among employ. Proficient
English writing abilities are often regarded as advantageous in a variety of professional domains,
including business, technology, academia, and the arts. This observation has significant value for
individuals in the field of education, policymakers, and curriculum designers who want to customize
language learning interventions to align with the distinct cultural dynamics of a given setting. More
should be done to make the profession attain some level of autonomy in the discharge of duty to
breed the next genre of innovative educators in the municipality. Therefore, autonomy motivates
individuals to work harder and overcome difficulties to achieve their objectives. The phenomenon of
cultural effects in the Chinese EFL learning environment is characterized by the moderation effect,
which emphasizes the intricate interaction between individual psychological elements and the
broader cultural background. The legislative arm of government passed Act 737 in 2007 that saw the
birth of the Fair Wages Salary Commission (FWSC). Meanwhile, labor shortages and other
challenges in recruiting and retention management are affecting human resources (HR) and strategic
management processes (Cascio and Montealegre 2016 ). Moreover, the relationship between
employee relations and employee performance is explored in-depth. The literature focuses on how
job characteristics, employee characteristic, management practices and broader environmental factors
influence employees’ motivation. Appraisal systems have also become more results-oriented, which
means that appraisals are more focused on a process of establishing benchmarks, setting individual
objectives, measuring performance, and then judging succe ss based o n the goals, stan dards, and a
ccomplishments. Parker SK, Ohly S (2008) Designing motivating jobs: an expanded framework for
linking work characteristics and motivation. Another 17 publications claim a direct relationship
between environmental influences and motivation. Their results show increased satisfaction and
motivation. South-Western Publishing Co Milda A, Raimundas V, Aidas P (2011) Job satisfaction
survey: a confirmatory factor analysis based on secondary school teachers’ sample. These terms
represent a rather general understanding including—but not focusing on—workplace technologies.
A total of 834 non-supervisory employees of the Tennessee Valley Authority were interviewed and
revealed that identification with the work organization increased with participation in decision-
making at the division or branch level, as well as in the immediate work group. A national debate
ensued on the significant role played by teachers in nation building and the need to address the
shortfall in the condition of service of teachers to motivate them to perform. Report this Document
Download now Save Save literature review on job satisfaction among employ. A very young topic in
the area of technology and motivation is gamification. Further information regarding the WVS can
be reached at the WVS website (, accessed on 14 October 2021). Expanding upon the hierarchical
model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation by Vallerand (1997, 2001), this framework outlines how
motivation in one task may carry over to a subsequent task, affecting subsequent task motivation
depending on the magnitude of the previous motivational experience. When employees engage in
activities out of pressure as a result of external factors such as attaining rewards including threat of
being punished, or even endogenous sources of such pressure as maintaining self-esteem, want of
approval, image management or avoiding guilt, such a form of motivation can be ascribed as
controlled motivation. Primary data were sourced from the field of study through questionnaire
administration. The all relevant themes are discussed briefly in the results and findings that were
identify during interview from participants as manager an employee of a bank. Fluency in English
has become more critical in academic, professional, and international contexts in China as a result of
the country’s rapid economic development and rising global significance. Furthermore, in training
program it is supportive for companies to emphasis on knowledge, expertise and ability of
employees. To do this Five-Point Likert Scale has been used to survey employees. The fruitful part of
performance evaluation is providing the feed back. Moreover, other factors such as the provision of
e-libraries and research equipment, and other logistics for students may also serve as an effective
motivator for teachers. The first phase was the comprehensive search phase, where all articles with
relevance to search terms were exported to Endnote X9 for further screening. This study provides a
thorough understanding of the relationships between perfectionism, learning self-efficacy,
motivation, and writing proficiency among Chinese EFL students. By including the social conditions
in the framework, prosocial motivation is considered. In the context of the workplace, engagement
takes on a more specific meaning. Proper preparation will be provided to the directors to measure the
staff right. Six of the articles were published in organizational journals, seven were published in
journals of social, behavioral, and experimental psychology, three were published in neuroscience,
and one article was published in educational research. Yet another approach to understanding
motivation is to consider affective aspects. This research focuses on English as a Foreign Language
(EFL) learners in China, specifically those enrolled in language learning programs at the
postsecondary level, aiming to explore the intricate relationships between psychological variables,
cultural factors, and writing skills. However, the role of workplace technology remains vague.
Carefully designed reward systems that include job enlargement, job enrichment, promotions,
internal and external stipends, monetary, and non-monetary compensation should be considered. The
result of the research showed that the human relations done by the Sub-District Head had not been
fully implemented based on the principles in human relations. And the fable of the Bees and the Bee
Keepers is a very popular paradigm that often gets quoted at such times. The study employs a
quantitative approach on a sample of 254 teachers from a population of 678 in the Effutu
Municipality of Ghana, of which 159 questionnaires were duly answered and returned (representing
62.6% return rate). Using multiple regression and ANOVA, the study finds compensation package,
job design and environment and performance management system as significant factors in
determining teacher’s motivation in the municipality. On the other hand, James D Thompson’s
technological classification applied by Rousseau ( 1977, 1978 ) and Pierce et al. ( 1984 ) focuses on
the way technology influences processes and tasks. Llopis (2012) draws attention to the increasing
relevance of the work-life balance problem for modern employees and stresses its negative impact on
the level of employee motivation. Theoretical and practical contributions This research made
significant advances in language learning, psychology, and education theory.