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SQL Relations4

The document discusses MySQL ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses. It provides examples of using each clause to sort and group table data. ORDER BY sorts data in ascending or descending order. GROUP BY groups data by column values and can be used with aggregate functions. HAVING filters groups based on aggregate conditions, allowing filtering after groups are formed.

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19 views14 pages

SQL Relations4

The document discusses MySQL ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses. It provides examples of using each clause to sort and group table data. ORDER BY sorts data in ascending or descending order. GROUP BY groups data by column values and can be used with aggregate functions. HAVING filters groups based on aggregate conditions, allowing filtering after groups are formed.

Uploaded by

madarauchia7890
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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New

syllabus
Informatics Practices 2023-24

Class XII ( As per


CBSE Board)

Chapter 4
Database query
using sql–group by,
having

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MySQL Order By

MySQL Order By clause is used to sort the table data in either


Ascending order or Descending order. By default, data is not inserted
into Tables in any order unless we have an index.
So, If we want to retrieve the data in any particular order, we have to
sort it by using MySQL Order By statement.
Syntax:-SELECT Column_Names
FROM Table_Name
ORDER BY {Column1}[ASC | DESC] {Column2}[ASC | DESC]

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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order by– e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.

Now we write the query – select * from student order by class;

Query result will be in ascending order of class.If we not specify asc/desc in


query then ascending clause is applied by default

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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order by– e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.

Now we write the query – select * from student order by class desc;

Query result will be in descending order of class

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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order by – e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.

Now we write query–select * from student order by class asc, marks


asc;

Query result will be ascending order of class and if same class


exists then ordering will done on marks column(ascending
order)

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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order by– e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.

Now we write query–select * from student order by class asc, marks


desc;

Query result will be ascending order of class and if same class


exists then ordering will done on marks column(descending
order)

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MySQL Group By

The GROUP BY clause groups a set of rows/records


into a set of summary rows/records by values of
columns or expressions. It returns one row for each
group.
We often use the GROUP BY clause with aggregate
functions such as SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN, and COUNT.
The aggregate function that appears in the SELECT
clause provides information about each group.
The GROUP BY clause is an optional clause of the
SELECT statement.
Syntax –
SELECT 1, c2,..., cn, aggregate_function(ci)
FROM table WHERE where_conditions GROUP BY c1 , c2,...,cn;
Here c1,c2,ci,cn are column name

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MySQL Group By
MySQL group by – e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.

Now we write query–select class from student group by class;

Query result will be unique occurrences of class values,just similar


to use distinct clause like(select distinct class from student).
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MySQL Group By
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions
The aggregate functions allow us to perform the calculation of a set of rows and
return a single value. The GROUP BY clause is often used with an aggregate
function to perform calculation and return a single value for each subgroup.
For example, if we want to know the number of student in each class, you can use
the COUNT function with the GROUP BY clause as follows:Suppose we are having
student table with following data.

Now we write query–select class,count(*) from student group by class;

Query result will be unique occurrences of class values along with counting of
students(records) of each class(sub group).

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MySQL Group By
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions
we are having student table with following data.

Now we write query–select class,avg(marks) from student group by


class;

Query result will be unique occurrences of class values along with


average marks of each class(sub group).

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MySQL Group By
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions (with where and order by
clause)
we are having student table with following data.

Now we write query–select class,avg(marks) from student where class<10


group by class order by marks desc;

Query result will be unique occurrences of class values where class<10


along with average marks of each class(sub group) and descending ofer of
marks.
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MySQL Group by with Having

The HAVING clause is used in the SELECT


statement to specify filter conditions for a
group of rows or aggregates. The HAVING
clause is often used with the GROUP BY
clause to filter groups based on a specified
condition. To filter the groups returned by
GROUP BY clause, we use a HAVING clause.
WHERE is applied before GROUP BY, HAVING
is applied after (and can filter on aggregates).

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MySQL Group by with Having
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions
we are having student table with following data.

Now we write query–select class,avg(marks) from student group by


class having avg(marks)<90;

Query result will be unique occurrences of class values along with


average marks of each class(sub group) and each class having
average marks<90.
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MySQL Group by with Having
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions
we are having student table with following data.

Now we write query–select class,avg(marks) from student group by


class having count(*)<3;

Query result will be unique occurrences of class values along with


average marks of each class(sub group) and each class having less
than 3 rows.
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