International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 03 | Mar 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A Review on Seismic Analysis of Irregular Plan Diagrid Structure on
Sloping Ground
Sujal Panchal1, Kishan Jayswal2,
M.Tech Student, L.J. University, Ahmedabad
1
2
Kishan Jayswal, Assistance Professor, Civil Engineering Department, L.J. University, Ahmedabad, India.
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Abstract - Today's tall buildings typically use diagrid structure on sloping ground differs greatly from
systems because of its potential for both architectural designing one on level ground.
aesthetics and structural efficiency. Compared to other
systems like braced systems, diagrid systems offer higher
structural efficiency. When a structure can withstand both
gravity and lateral load, it is said to be stable. Therefore, it
is intended to be designed in structural software such as
E-tabs, Staad Pro, etc. for the purpose of verifying certain
structural conditions and implementations as per IS
standards. The review report considered dead load, live
load, floor finish load, wind load, and seismic load as the
acting loads.
Key Words: Dia-Grid Structure, Structural Design,
Seismic Load, E-tabs, Staad pro.
Figure 1: I-Lab Corporate Office, Hyderabad, India
1.INTRODUCTION
By combining the terms diagonal and grid, the term
The population is growing quickly in the current "diagrid" designates a single-thickness structural
trend, and there is not enough room for new system that uses triangulation to achieve structural
buildings. Tall buildings must thus be developed in coherence. When the floor edge beams are joined to
order for the city to grow. The diagrid system is a the grid, loads such as weight density and sideways
cost-effective solution that effectively resists lateral force are accepted and delivered from multiple
forces and supports gravitational loads. When members and directions throughout its configuration
designing tall structures, it is important to take into in a highly distributed manner, resulting in the
account the lateral loads that can be caused by wind triangulated member evolution.
and earthquakes. An inclined column at the
periphery of the structure makes the diagrid system
a better system for resisting later loads. In a
conventional system, diagonal braces create wall-like
characteristics and widely space columns.
Due to the lack of flat land, people have been forced
to build on hilly terrain. Building on hilly terrain
actually has benefits like great views, natural
ventilation, natural drainage, and extra space from
lower floor levels. However, because of this rapid
urbanisation, the population of hilly terrain is also
growing daily, necessitating the construction of high-
rise buildings. Because the mass and stiffness of a
structure change as it rises and spreads, designing a Figure 2: Diagrid Structure
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 03 | Mar 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
The mass and stiffness of a structure change as it time period, structural weights, base shear, maximum story
rises and spreads, designing a structure on sloping displacement, and maximum story drift.
ground differs greatly from designing one on level In this investigation, it is demonstrated that by providing
ground. As a result, a unique structural system is inclining sections at the external outskirts of the
required for any high-rise building on a sloping or constructions, the composite diagrid structure can more
even flat surface. The system that withstands lateral effectively oppose the sidelong burden in comparison to
loads takes precedence over the structural system the conventional design. Because of the wonder of
that withstands gravitational stresses as a structure supplanting a vertical segment at an external outskirt of
gets taller. The sideways load resisting systems that the uncovered edge structure, there is a massive decrease
are most frequently used are shear walls, rigid of cement in the diagrid structure. While the steel may shift
frames, wall frames, outrigger systems, braced tube depending on conditions, the massive decrease of cement
systems, and tubular systems. Recently, the diagrid in the diagrid structure still makes it more effective than
structural system has become more and more well- the uncovered packaging structure.
liked.
[2] Chittaranjan Nayak, Snehal Walke, and Suraj
1.2 Objective
Kokare “Optimal Structural Design of Diagrid Structure
for Tall Structure” ICRRM 2019 – System Reliability,
To investigate the seismic loading of a diagrid Quality Control, Safety, Maintenance and Management,
structure with plan irregularity on sloping pp. 263–271, (2020)
ground.
To determine the optimum angle for various Modern tall structures feature intricate shapes like twisted,
irregular geometry of diagrid structures on tapering, and tilting forms. Included in this paper are the
different sloping ground angles. necessary model, data, earthquake, and wind analyses for
the diagrid structure with circular, square, and rectangular
Analyse the performance of the Diagrid structure
plans, as well as the braced tube structure. Following that,
in relation to various parameters such as story
the same plan area and structural data for the circular,
drift, story displacement, and base shear. square, and rectangular plans are used to analyze the
To investigate the differences in structural earthquake and wind results for both braced tube and
response caused by earthquake motions in diagrid structures. Conclusions from the current
various Indian seismic zones. investigation are then made by comparing the results of
The primary goal of designing an earthquake- the analyses for the braced tube and diagrid structures.
resistant structure is to ensure that the structure
has enough ductility to withstand lateral loads. Based on the earthquake and wind analysis of story drift,
displacement, and base shear in this paper, we can
To analyse diagrid structure using E-tabs
conclude that the circular plan is better than the square
software. and rectangular plans in braced tube structures. In diagrid
structure, square plan is better than circular and
rectangular plans. Diagrid structure has lower story
2. Literature Review displacement and drift values and higher base shear values
than Braced tube structure, saying that Diagrid structure is
[1] Saurabh Babhulkar, Kuldeep R Dabhekar, S.S. better than Braced tube structure.
Sanghal, Isha P. Khedikar, “Comparative Study of
Seismic Behavior of Diagrid Structure with
Conventional Structure” IOP Conference Series: [3] Merry James and Neeraja Nair “Seismic
Materials Science and Engineering (2021) Performance Analysis of Vertically Irregular Structure
with Diagrid” National Conference on Structural
A brief study of diagrids on a geometrically irregular
Engineering and Construction Management (2019)
structure is presented in this paper. A structure measuring
36 m x 36 m at the base and rising to 129.6 m is used for This paper provides an overview of diagrids on a
this study, and the base structure is given vertical geometrically irregular structure. For this study, a building
geometric irregularity. Every story is 3.6 meters high. A with a base dimension of 36 m x 36 m and a height of 129.6
diagrid that maintains a constant angle throughout its m is used, and the base structure is given vertical
height is offered as a system to resist lateral loads. With geometric irregularity. Each story is 3.6 m tall. As a lateral
ETABS 2016, time history analysis is carried out. By load resisting system, a diagrid with a uniform angle
changing the diagrid angles, the seismic performance of throughout the height is provided. ETABS 2016 is used for
geometrically irregular buildings equipped with diagrids is time history analysis. The seismic performance of a
investigated. The outcomes are compared with respect to geometrically irregular building with diagrids is
investigated by varying the diagrid angles.
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 03 | Mar 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A diagrid structure with an angle of 67.22° performs better spectrum method. The obtained results are compared
than other angles in terms of maximum displacement and using various parameters such as base shear, top story
drift, according to a time history analysis of a symmetric shear, top story displacement, time period, story drift, and
model. For this diagrid, the maximum displacement and quantity of material consumed. Plan irregular structure
story drift are lower. As the diagrid angle increases, base behavior is compared to regular structure behavior.
shear and structural weight progressively decrease. The
The L-type diagrid structure is more efficient on the basis
structural weight has only been slightly reduced because
of base shear, top story displacement, and story stiffness
all models have the same member sizes.
than other structures. Story shear performs better and
consumes less material in C-type diagrid structures. The
overall performance of the L-type diagrid structure is
[4] Chetan S.Patta, Prof. Smt. Varsha Gokak “Analysis of
improved.
diagrid structure with irregularity” International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(2018)
The current paper investigates the diagrid structure on 3. CONCLUSIONS
sloping ground, compares it to the conventional system,
and determines the optimum angle of the diagrid on The comparison between diagrid structure models and
different slopes of ground. A 12-story building is used to braced frame models, a traditional frame model, is
compare diagrid and conventional structures on sloping demonstrated by the literature review above. Alter the
ground, while a 48-story building is used to determine the H/B ratio and diagrid angle as well. structural
optimum angle of diagrid on sloping ground. ETABS irregularities are also taken into account. Studies utilizing
software is used for modelling and analysis, and the response spectrum analysis and time history analysis are
response spectrum method is used for analysis.
conducted with the aid of ETABS and STAAD Pro.
The results show that diagrid structure is more efficient software. Based on the research above, it is determined
than conventional structure on sloping ground, and the that
optimum diagrid angle on sloping ground is between 60-
75°. The seismic weight of diagrid structures is much lower Because the top displacement is less in the diagrid
than that of conventional structures. Although the structural model, it has more stiffness than the
materials used for diagrid are lightweight, they provide a simple model.
high level of strength. When compared to conventional Vertical irregularities in diagrid structures result
buildings on sloped ground, diagrid buildings showed less in less top story displacement. The diagrid
lateral displacement and story drift.
structure is more stable there.
Best possible the diagrid angle varies in relation
[5] Mangesh Vhanmane and Maheshkumar Bhanuse to the model's height.
“Study of Behavior of High-Rise Buildings with Diagrid For lateral load, a diagrid system is a better
Systems” SPRINGER Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. (2021) solution. Also, for flexibility and economy in terms
of material consumption.
The modelling of high-rise building structures with various A diagrid angle of 61° to 72° is ideal for heights
diagrid configurations was investigated. The behavior of ranging from 120 to 240 m. However, in terms of
high-rise building structures with diagrid configurations is
maximum displacement and drift, the diagrid
investigated under gravitational and lateral stresses. In
construction with a 67.22° angle is better than
addition, look into the behavior of high-rise buildings with
diagrid configurations for various parameters like story other angles.
displacement, story drift, and base shear. On sloping ground, the diagrid structure is more
efficient than the conventional structure, and the
According to this study, the diagrid angle between 65° and optimum diagrid angle is between 60-75°.
72° is best suited for height ranges between 120 and 240
m.
REFERENCES
[6] Shylaja N, Ashwini R M and Babu E R “Seismic
Analysis of Diagrid Structure on Sloping Ground” IOP [1] Saurabh Babhulkar, Kuldeep R Dabhekar, S.S. Sanghal,
Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Isha P. Khedikar, “Comparative Study of Seismic
(2019) Behavior of Diagrid Structure with Conventional
In this study, a 16-story square plan structure is Structure” IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and
considered, as well as C-Type and L-Type structures with Engineering 1197 (2021) 012049 doi:10.1088/1757-
plan irregularities. The structures are analyzed using the 899X/1197/1/012049
dynamic linear method, also known as the response
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 03 | Mar 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
[2] Chittaranjan Nayak, Snehal Walke, and Suraj Kokare
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[4] Chetan S.Patta, Prof. Smt. Varsha Gokak “Analysis of
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