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Alevel 1 DBMS 13may2020 AV

The document discusses database normalization. Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and ensure consistency. It involves splitting tables and linking them through relationships. There are various normal forms that define normalization rules, with third normal form being the most common. Normalizing a database avoids anomalies like insert, update, and delete anomalies that can occur when data is not logically arranged.

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31 views2 pages

Alevel 1 DBMS 13may2020 AV

The document discusses database normalization. Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and ensure consistency. It involves splitting tables and linking them through relationships. There are various normal forms that define normalization rules, with third normal form being the most common. Normalizing a database avoids anomalies like insert, update, and delete anomalies that can occur when data is not logically arranged.

Uploaded by

Sakkaravarthi S
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT), Gorakhpur

राष्ट्रीय इलेक्ट्रॉनिकी एवं सूचिा प्रौद्योनगकी संस्थाि ,गोरखपुर

Course Name: A Level (1st Sem) Subject : Introduction to DBMS


Topic: Database Normalization – Introduction (Part 1) Date: 13-May-2020
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Database Normalization

Normalization

The concept of normalization was initially proposed by IBM researchers E.F. Codd in
1970s.
Normalization is the process of organizing or arranging the data in the database in
such a way that it minimizes the data redundancy and brings the database into
consistent state.
It splits tables into several multiple tables and defines which attributes should be grouped
together to form the various tables, and also links various tables using relationships. It
consists of various rules for doing this.
It helps in designing good and perfect database. If the database is not normalized it may
lead to bad or poor design of database.
If the data in the database are not organized properly, it may contain various flaws or
anomalies in the database which may create problem. These anomalies are:
 Insert Anomalies
 Update Anomalies
 Delete Anomalies
These anomalies occur when data in the database are not logically arranged and stored.
Therefore it is necessary to normalize the database to avoid these anomalies.

Prepared By
National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT), Gorakhpur
राष्ट्रीय इलेक्ट्रॉनिकी एवं सूचिा प्रौद्योनगकी संस्थाि ,गोरखपुर

Normalization Rules
There are various rules defined for normalization and these rules are classified into several
normal forms. These normal forms are:
 First Normal Form (1 NF)
 Second Normal Form (2 NF)
 Third Normal Form (3 NF)
 Boyce Codd Normal Form (BCNF or 3.5 NF)
 Fourth Normal Form (4 NF)
 Fifth Normal Form (5 NF)
In most of the cases, database is normalized in its best if it satisfies the rules of third
normal form. It means that if database is normalized up to 3NF then it will be in its best
consistent state.

Exercise:
1. Why it is necessary to normalize the database?

Prepared By

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