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Nelson Mandela - Unit-1-Lesson-2-With-Answers - Updated

1) Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from apartheid to democracy as an icon of peace and reconciliation. He fought against white minority rule and was imprisoned for 27 years but never lost his resolve. 2) As South Africa's first black president in 1994, Mandela emphasized reconciliation and bridging divisions. He shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with the leader who freed him from prison. 3) Mandela played a prominent role advocating for human dignity internationally before retiring from public life in 2004 at age 86, though he remained one of the world's most revered figures. The years he spent as a political prisoner made him a leader of mythic stature.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3K views20 pages

Nelson Mandela - Unit-1-Lesson-2-With-Answers - Updated

1) Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from apartheid to democracy as an icon of peace and reconciliation. He fought against white minority rule and was imprisoned for 27 years but never lost his resolve. 2) As South Africa's first black president in 1994, Mandela emphasized reconciliation and bridging divisions. He shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with the leader who freed him from prison. 3) Mandela played a prominent role advocating for human dignity internationally before retiring from public life in 2004 at age 86, though he remained one of the world's most revered figures. The years he spent as a political prisoner made him a leader of mythic stature.

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arafat alp
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HSC NCTB Textbook Solve

UNIT-1; LESSON-2

Page 1 of 20
UNIT-1; LESSON-2

Nelson Mandela, from Apartheid Fighter to President

Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-
racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to
embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three
decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve
to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down
apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win
the support of the world.

“I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have
fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my
days,” Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first
black president in 1994, “The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The
moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.” “We have, at last,
achieved our political emancipation.” In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who
had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of
apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an
advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political
repression to AIDS.

He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his
adoring countrymen: “Don't call me. I’ll call you.” But he remained one of the
world’s most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an
unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights. "He is at the
epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are," Nadine
Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once
remarked. The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world's most
celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black
South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country’s borders.

Page 2 of 20
Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the
dock was his political testimony. "During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to
this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and
I have fought against black domination." "I have cherished the ideal of a
democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and
with equal opportunities," he told the court. "It is an ideal I hope to live for and
to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." Friends
adored Mandela and fondly called him "Madiba", the clan name by which he
was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity.

অনু বাদঃ সারাববশ্বে নযাশ্ব়ের পশ্বে সংগ্রামশ্বে সাফল্যমবিত েরশ্বত শাবি ও সংহবতর আদশশ বহশ্বসশ্বব ননল্সন মযাশ্বেল্া দবেণ
আবিোশ্বে বণশবাশ্বদর বশেল্ নেশ্বে বহুজাবতে গণতশ্বের পশ্বে চাবল্ত েশ্বরবিশ্বল্ন। নেতাঙ্গ সংখ্যাল্ঘু শাসশ্বনর ববরুশ্বে সংগ্রাশ্বমর
োরশ্বণ প্রা়ে বতন দশে োরা ন াশ্বগর পরও মযাশ্বেল্া তাাঁর মানু শ্বের মুবির জনয সংগ্রাশ্বমর দৃ ঢ়সংের হশ্বত েখ্নও সশ্বর যান
বন। গৃ হযু ে এব়িশ্ব়ে বণশবাদশ্বে বনবিহ্ন েশ্বর বদশ্বত বতবন দৃ ঢ়প্রবতজ্ঞ বিশ্বল্ন। তাাঁর মযশাদা ও আেেশণী়ে বযবিত্ব সারা ববশ্বের
সমেশন অজশশ্বন তাাঁশ্বে সাহাযয েশ্বরশ্বি।

“আবম জাবতগত ববেমযশ্বে প্রচি াশ্বব ঘৃ ণা েবর এবং তা নয নোশ্বনা বেিু শ্বতই প্রতী়েমান নহাে না নেন। আবম সারা জীবন এর
ববরুশ্বে সংগ্রাম েশ্বরবি; এখ্শ্বনা েরবি এবং আমার জীবশ্বনর নশে বদন পযশি তা চাবল্শ্ব়ে যাব", ১৯৯৪ সাশ্বল্ দবেণ আবিোর
প্রেম েৃষ্ণাঙ্গ রাষ্ট্রপবত হও়ো়ে তাাঁর অব বাদন ােশ্বণ মযাশ্বেল্া বশ্বল্ন, ... “েত সারাশ্বনার সম়ে এশ্বস নগশ্বি। নয দু স্তর বযবধান
আমাশ্বদর পৃ েে েশ্বর নরশ্বখ্বিল্ তার নসতুবন্ধশ্বনর মুহূতশ হাবজর হশ্ব়েশ্বি।” “আমরা, অবশ্বশশ্বে, আমাশ্বদর রাজননবতে মুবি অজশন
েশ্বরবি। “এে নেতাঙ্গ আবিোন ননতা বযবন মযাশ্বেল্াশ্বে বতন বির পূ শ্ববশ োরাগার নেশ্বে মুবি নদন এবং বণশনবেময নীবত
বনরসশ্বন মধযস্থতা েশ্বরন নসই এফ.ডবিউ.বড ক্লােশ এর সাশ্বে নযৌে াশ্বব মযাশ্বেল্া ১৯৯৩ সাশ্বল্ ননাশ্ববল্ শাবি পুরস্কার ল্া
েশ্বরন। রাজননবতে বনপী়িন হশ্বত শুরু েশ্বর এইডস পযশি সববেিু র ববরুশ্বে মানু শ্বের সম্মাশ্বনর পশ্বের এেজন প্রবিা বহশ্বসশ্বব,
মযাশ্বেল্া ববেমশ্বে এেবি গুরুত্বপূ ণশ ূ বমো পাল্ন েশ্বরশ্বিন।

২০০৪ সাশ্বল্র জুন মাশ্বস তাাঁর ৮৬তম জন্মবদশ্বনর পূ শ্ববশ বতবন আনু ষ্ঠাবনে াশ্বব তাাঁর রাজননবতে জীবন নেশ্বে অবসর গ্রহশ্বণর
প্রক্কাশ্বল্, বতবন তাাঁর বপ্র়ে নদশবাসীর উশ্বেশ্বশয বশ্বল্ন, “আমাশ্বে ডােশ্ববন না। আবমই আপনাশ্বদর ডােব।" বেন্তু বতবন পৃ বেবীর
অনযতম সম্মাবনত বযবিত্ব হশ্ব়েই রইশ্বল্ন, এেই সশ্বঙ্গ বতবন বিশ্বল্ন স্বাধীনতা, সম্মান ও মানবাবধোশ্বরর অববচল্ বাতশাবাহী এে
সমবিত েীবতশমান নেত্র। “বতবন আমাশ্বদর সমশ্ব়ের নেন্দ্রববন্দুশ্বত আশ্বিন, আমাশ্বদর এই দবেণ আবিোশ্বত এবং নতামাশ্বদর
োশ্বিও, নতামরা নযখ্াশ্বই োশ্বো না নেন," দবেণ আবিোর নল্খ্ে ও সাবহশ্বতয ননাশ্ববল্ ববজ়েী নাবদন গব়িমার এেদা মিবয
েশ্বরন। োরাগাশ্বর মযাশ্বেল্ার বিরগুশ্বল্া তাাঁশ্বে পৃ বেবীর সবশ্বচশ্ব়ে জনবপ্র়ে রাজননবতে বন্দীশ্বত, এবং ল্ে ল্ে েৃষ্ণাঙ্গ দবেণ
আবিোবাবসর এবং তাাঁর রাষ্ট্রী়ে সীমানা নপবরশ্ব়ে অনযানয নশাবেত মানু শ্বের অববস্মরণী়ে মযশাদাসম্পন্ন এে ননতাশ্বত পবরণত
েশ্বরবিল্।

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গুরুতর অপরাধ সংঘিশ্বনর দাশ্ব়ে অব যু ি হশ্ব়ে, ১৯৬৩ সাশ্বল্র বরশ্ব াবন়ো মামল্া়ে োঠগ়িা়ে দাাঁব়িশ্ব়ে মযাশ্বেল্ার বিবযই তাাঁর
রাজননবতে পবরচ়ে প্রদান েশ্বর। "আমার জীবেশা়ে আবিোর মানু শ্বের এই সংগ্রাশ্বম আবম বনশ্বজশ্বে উৎসগশ েশ্বরবি। আবম
নেতাঙ্গ েতৃশশ্বত্বর ববরুশ্বে সংগ্রাম েশ্বরবি এবং েৃষ্ণাঙ্গ েতৃশশ্বত্বর ববরুশ্বে সংগ্রাম েশ্বরবি।” বতবন আদাল্তশ্বে বশ্বল্ন, “আবম
এেবি গণতাবেে ও মুি সমাশ্বজর আদশশ ল্াল্ন েবর নযখ্াশ্বন সবাই সম্প্রীবত ও সমান সু শ্বযাগ-সু ববধা বনশ্ব়ে বাস েশ্বর।" “এবি
এেবি আদশশ যা অজশশ্বনর আশা়ে আবম নবাঁশ্বচ আবি। বেন্তু যবদ প্রশ্ব়োজন হ়ে, এই আদশশবির জনয আবম মরশ্বতও প্রস্তুত।” বন্ধুরা
"মযাশ্বেল্া’শ্বে গ ীর াশ্বব শ্রো েরত এবং তাশ্বে ‘মাবদবা' বশ্বল্ ডােত, এিা তাাঁর নগাত্র নাম নয নাশ্বম বতবন পবরবচত বিশ্বল্ন।
মানু ে তাাঁর মানববেতা, দ়ো ও মযশাদার ূ ়েসী প্রশংসা েরত।

Word Meaning Bangla Synonym Antonym


Synonym

Shackle n. A situation or বন্ধন; শৃ ঙ্খল্ Chain, Restriction Freedom


factor that
restrains or
restricts
someone

Apartheid n. A policy or বণশনবেময


system of
segregation or
discrimination
based on race
(Historically in South
Africa)

Democracy n. A political system গণতে Republic Dictatorship,


in which the Autocracy
supreme power
lies in a body of
citizens who can
elect people to
represent them

Icon n. A person or thing প্রতীে; আদশশ Symbol, Idol,


regarded as a Emblem

Page 4 of 20
representative
symbol

Reconciliation The restoration of মীমাংসা; Settlement, Separation,


n. friendly relations সমশ্ব াতা reunion, Alienation
resolution

Embody v. Be an expression বাস্তব রুপ Personify, Disembody,


of or give a দান েরা represent, exclude
tangible form express
to(an idea,
quality or feeling)

Decade n. A period of 10 দশক


years

Minority n. A group of সংখ্যাল্ঘু The Majority


people who differ outnumbered
racially/politically
from a larger
group of which it
is a part

Resolve n. Firm দৃ ঢ়সংেল্প Resolution, indecision


determination to Firmness,
do something Determination

Emancipation the process of মুবি Liberation, Repression,


n. giving people Release deprivation
social or political
freedom of rights

Determined Having made a দৃ ঢ়সংেল্পবে Firm about, Irresolute


adj. firm decision and committed to
being resolved
not to change it

Prestige n. Respect and সম্মান Status, stature Humility,


admiration given lowliness
to someone

Page 5 of 20
Charisma n. A special power আধযাবিে Charm
that enables শবি;
ones to influence অসাধারণ
others প্রবত া

Discrimination Treating a person ববেময Bias, inequity, Equity, parity


n. or particular disparity
group of people
differently

Intensely adv. in a strong way তীব্র াশ্বব Deeply, Mildly, slightly


profoundly

Manifestation a sign of প্রোশ Demonstration, concealment


n.; something sign
existing or
happening

Oppressed adj. governed in an বনপীব়িত Subjugated, Satisfied,


unfair and cruel demoralized uplifted
way and
prevented from
having
opportunities
and freedom

Testimony n. a formal written প্রমাণ Indication,


or spoken evidence
statement

Domination n. power or control শাসন Control, Subordination


over other people dominion, rule

Clan n. A group of নগাত্র Tribe, race


people who
share the same
interest

Laud v. to praise highly প্রশংসা েরা Praise, acclaim

Page 6 of 20
Chasm n. Gap between two খ্াদ, ফািল্ Crack, Fracture,
points Cleft

Revere v. To very much অশ্বনে পিন্দ Adore, Worship Dislike, Hate,


respect and েরা, সন্মান Disrespect
admire someone েরা; উপাসনা
or something েরা

Adore v. To intensely like/ পিন্দ েরা Worship, Revere Dislike, Hate,


love someone Disrespect

Cherish v. To love, protect, ল্াল্ন েরা Nourish, Bring up,


and care for Rear
someone or
something that is
important to you

A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. Nelson Mandela is considered a/an-

i) symbol of apartheid ii) emblem of peace and harmony

iii) icon of love iv) epitome of democracy

Hints: symbol of apartheid- বণশবাশ্বদর প্রতীে; emblem of peace and harmony- শান্তি এবং
সম্প্রীন্তির প্রিীক; epitome of democracy- গণিন্ত্রের প্রিীক ।

b. The word ‘healing’ means-

i) curing ii) heating iii) smoothing iv) ailing

Hints: healing- বনরাম়ে; soothing-ন্তিগ্ধ; ;ailing-;অসু স্থ ।

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c. What does the word guide means- ?

i) to show the way ii) book or magazine

iii) to explain something iv) to help somebody move

Hints: guide- যে যকান্ত্র া ধরন্ত্রণর আচরণন্ত্রক বা ন্তবকাশন্ত্রক পন্তরচান্তিি বা প্রভান্তবি করা এবং সন্তিক পথ
যদখান্ত্র া ।

d. Race discrimination refers to-

i) differences on the basis of caste, creed and color

ii) competition among the members of a race.

iii) demoralisation of people

iv) domination of others

Hints: race discrimination- জান্তি ববষম্য; caste, creed and colour- জান্তি, ধম্ম ও বণম;
demoralization- ীন্তিভ্রংশ।

e. “Don’t call me, I’ll call you”, Here you refers to-

i) F.W. de Klerk ii) The people of South Africa

iii) Mandela’s friends and relatives iv) The black people

Page 8 of 20
f. Mandela wanted to-

i) establish race discrimination ii) eliminate race disparity

iii) heal the wounds iv) mend the chasms that divided them

Hints: race disparity- জান্তি ববষম্য; heal the wounds- ক্ষি ন্ত রাম্য় করা; mending the chasm –
ফািল্
পবরপূ রণ েরা ।

g. Nelson Mandela fought-

i) against multi-racial democracy ii) against apartheid

iii) in favor of apartheid iv) for the independence of South Africa

Hints: multi-racial democracy- বহু বণমবাদী গণিে;;;apartheid-;জান্তিন্তবন্ত্রে।

h. The word manifestation means-

i) presentation ii) right iii) change iv) sign

Hints: manifestation- প্রকাশ; presentation – উপস্থাপ ; sign- বনদশশন ।

Page 9 of 20
i. What does apartheid refer to in the first passage?

i) apart ii) distance iii) discrimination iv) dialogue

Hints: apartheid-;জান্তিন্তবন্ত্রেষ ।

j. What does cherish mean in the passage?

i) to fight for something

ii) to gain something

iii) to love something very much and want to protect it

iv) to be fond of something

Hints: cherish- যকান্ত্র া পছন্ত্রের ন্তকছু ন্ত্রক েন্ত্রে আগন্ত্রি রাখা বা যসটান্ত্রক রক্ষা করা ।

k. What could be the closest meaning for the word ‘shackles’ in the line 1?
a. sick b. encouragement c. restraints d. encircle

l. What does ‘apartheid’ refer to in the title?


a. discrimination b. distance c. apart d. conversation

Page 10 of 20
m. Mandela was the first to advocate_______.
a. gathering people from all countries around the world
b. unarmed resistance to apartheid
c. fighting for independence
d. breaking about unity among all

n. Mandela was prisoned for nearly _________.


a. 20 years b. 36 years c. 30 years d. 44 years

o. “We have at last achieved political emancipation.” What did Mandela hint by
this?
a. He hinted political freedom of all parties irrespective of cast, creed and race.
b. He meant freedom of minority people.
c. He meant unity among all nations.
d. He meant that the black people should have their rights.

p. The word ‘emancipation’ in the line 10 stands for _______.


a. participation b. encouragement c. bondage d. liberation

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q. The synonym of ‘manifestation’ in line 6 is-
a. agitation b. expression c. demonstration d. anguish

r. The word ‘chasm’ in the line 9 can best be explained as-


a. hollowness b. depth c. cleft d. distance

s. The word ‘icon’ in line 2 means-


a. portrait b. symbol c. idol d. image

t. The closest meaning of the word ‘repression’ is-


a. succession b. closeness c. suppression d. torture

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B. Answer the following question.
a. When Mandela said, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against
black domination”, which quality of him do you find?

The statement demonstrates Mandela’s liberal mindset and a firm

determination to establish equal rights for everyone irrespective of their race,

caste, creed and colour. In fact, he did not even want the black people to

dominate. Rather, he wanted to abolish domination, and establish an equal

and just social, political and economic system for everyone.

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b. What is apartheid? Do you support it? Why/why not?

Historically, apartheid refers to the discriminatory treatment against the black

people in South Africa. I do not support apartheid at all. Actually, it was a social

construct/system/policy that deprived the black people of the human rights. Under

this system, they were not entitled to political, social and economic rights.

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c. “I have fought it all during my life. I will fight it now and will do so until the end of my
days.” Who said this? When?

Nelson Mandela made this statement in his acceptance speech on becoming South

Africa’s first black president in 1994.

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d. “The time for the healing of the wounds has come”---what did Mandela mean by this
statement?

By the given statement Mandela considered apartheid wounds, and ought to be

cured. In other words, apartheid should be broken down and people should enjoy

equal rights irrespective of their race, caste, creed and colour.

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e. “Don’t call me. I’ll call you.” Who was the speaker of these words? When did he make
the speech? Can you explain what the speaker means by it?

Nelson Mandela, the first black President of South Africa, said these words

addressing his countrymen in June, 2004 when he formally left public life.

Mandela fought his whole life against apartheid and other issues of the society. In

his formal farewell speech, he meant that the people need not call him. Rather, if

necessary, he himself would turn up, and call his people.

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f. What did Nelson Mandela personify? Why was he imprisoned?

Nelson Mandela personified fight for justice and equality around world. He was an

embodiment of peace and reconciliation. He was prisoned for about thirty years for

fighting against white domination and apartheid in general.

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2. Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the activities and achievements of
Nelson Mandela. [One is done for you.]

1. Guiding South Africa 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.


from the shackles of
apartheid to a multi-
racial democracy

A flow chart showing the activities and achievements of Nelson Mandela:

1. He guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial


democracy.

2. He was imprisoned for nearly three decades for fighting against white minority
rule.

3. He won the support of the world because of his prestige and charisma.

4. He became the first black President of South Africa in 1994.

5. He won Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

6. He left public life in 2004.

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A flow chart showing the activities and achievements of Nelson Mandela:

1. Guiding South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy

2. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for fighting against white minority rule

3. Winning the support of the world because of his prestige and charisma

4. Becoming the first black President of South Africa in 1994

5. Winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993

6. Leaving public life in 2004

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