INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL Horses: Domesticated approx.

5,000
SCIENCE years ago

HISTORY OF THE ANIMAL SCIENCE -horses were domesticated from

HUSBANDRY in eastern Europe and western Asia

Humans began domesticating animals -originally, horses were used for

more than 10,000 years ago beginning meat or milk, eventually became useful
with dogs as pack and draft

Ruminants were the first food animals to Pigs: Domesticated 5,000- 9,000 years
be domesticated followed by swine ago

Horses and cattle were domesticated Pigs were domesticated in the middle
primarily for transportation east (Mesopotamia)

Animal Domestication
EARLY DOMESTICATION
Goats
Domestication involves more than -was among the earliest animals to be
simply taming domesticated around 6,000- 7,000 B.C.
in western Asia
Animals are considered to be -the goat could easily revert to its wild
domesticated when: state

 Distinct purpose Chickens

 Humas control their breeding -chicken were known in China more
 Survival depends their breeding than 3,400 years ago
 Develop traits that are not found in
the wild Turkeys
-the Turkey is only north American
Domesticated animals- their survival domestic animal and was domesticated
depends on human management in middle North America

Wild- their traits such browsing their In thousands years

own food
Sheep 11-15
Sheep: Domesticated 11,000-15000 Cattle 10-15
years ago Goats 6-7
Pigs 5-9
-domesticated from southeast Horses 5
Europe and central/southwest Asia Chickens 3.4

Cattle: Domesticated 10,000-15,000

years ago

-Domesticated near the boundary

of Europe and Asia and/or southwest
Asia
DOMESTICATION ACROSS THE
GLOBE Animal Contributions
Near east(fertile crescent) 10,000yrs  Food
1 ago -meat
8,500yrs -milk
2 South China ago -eggs
7,700yrs
3 North China ago  Power
4,000yrs -Horse
4 Africa ago -Mules
South Central Andes 4,500yrs -Donkeys, Burrows
5 ago -Oxen
Central Mexico 4,700yrs
6 ago  Clothing
Eastern United States 4,500yrs -wool
7 ago -leather
-hair
Domestication -fur
Terms:
-wild animal- not genetically altered by  Recreation
selective breeding -pleasure horses
-livestock show competition
-exotic animal- wild animal not native to -rodeo
country ; example swine not from
Philippines Animal Contributions to Society

-Feral animal- a domestic animal that Food

lives in the wild with no human distance Mutton and Chevon are eaten by more
people than any other meat
-breed- a population of domestic animals  Goats
that individual may vary in genotype  Ewes
and phenotype  Cattle
 Mares
Animal Husbandry- art working with  Sows
farm animals  Llamas
 Camels
Animal science- scientific study of farm  Reindeer
animals  Yaks (provide milk)

Biology- study of life that seeks to Animal Contributions to Society

provide an understanding of the natural Clothing
world
-Wool , hair, hides, and pelts have
Functions of livestock commonly been used for clothing
-contributions to humans
 Food Shelter
 Clothing -hair and hides provide material for
 Power shelter.
 Recreation
 Research
Tools -cheese, ice cream, yogurt
-early man relied on bones and hides for
tools Eggs- pastries, mayonnaise, custards

Utensils Bones- buttons, glue, mineral

- bladder, horns, catgut and dynamite are supplement for livestock feed (Ca)
animal products that are commonly used
Fat- chemicals, salves, cream, dressings,
Personal items lubricants, soap, food
-humans use animal products or by-
products for jewelry and perfume Glands- medicines, food additives

Animal Contributions to Society Collagen- (connective tissue in joints)

glue&gelatin
Power- transportation, draft work
War- transportation and power Intestinal & Stomach tissue- lunch
Religion- some societies worship meats, surgical sutures, strings for
animals musical & sports instruments
Health- laboratory animals are (content=fertilizer)
commonly used for research
Animal use for work
GENDER TERMS FOR LIVESTOCK -cultivate land
-transportation
Swine: -control other animals
Sow- female that has had offspring -assist physically & mentally
Guilt- female that has never given birth handicapped
Boar - male with testicles
Barrow- castrated boar Rehabilitation of disabled

Sheep: What is the future of animal science

Ewe- female
Ram- male with testicles Embryo transplant- can produce 20
Weither- castrated ram calves from one cow per year

Horse: Cloning- using an animal cell to grow

Mare- female horse an identical duplicate animal
Stallion- male with testicles
Gelding- castrated stallion Animal Pharming- producing animals
to produce drugs and chemicals
 After animals become domesticated,
they become dependent on man Terminology of animal science
 Most cant survive in wild
 Cows produce 20,000 lbs milk/year Cow- a female bovine that has had
 Birds produce 250 eggs/year (20 in offspring
wild) Bull- a male bovine capable of
Meat- muscle tissue. Beef, pork, lamb, reproducing
goat, poultry, Heifer- a young female bovine that has
-most efficient way to get protein had not offspring
Steer- a castrated male bovine
Milk- inexpensive source of protein Calf- a young bovine (<less than 30 mo)
Calve- the act of giving birth to a calf Mohair- a less textured hair usually
Wean- to remove a young animal from harvested from goats for fibre
its mother
Cashmere- a valuable hair from
Colostrum- nutrient rich milk from the cashmere goats
mother following birth
Doe- a female goat that has reproduced,
Lactation- the period when a female also called a nanny
produces milk after a birth
Buck- a male goat capable of
Freshen- when a female produces milk reproducing
prior to giving birth
Kid- a young caprine
Cull/ing- the act of removing
unproductive animals from a group Kidding- the act of giving birth to
young caprine
Sow- a female hog that has given birth
Chevon- a goat grown for meat
Boar- a male hog capable of breeding
Mare- an adult female horse
Piglets- very young porcine
Stallion- a male horse capable of
Farrow- the act of giving birth to piglets reproducing also called a stud

Litter- a group of piglets born at one Gelding- a castrated male equine

time
Foal- a young equine
Ewe- a female sheep that has lamed
Colt- a young male equine
Ram- a male sheep also known as buck
Filly- a young female equine
Ewe lamb- a young female ovine
Draft- a horse produced for work
Whether- a castrated male ovine
Hen- a female chicken
Lamb- a young ovine
Rooster- a male chicken also known as
Lambing- the act of giving birth to a cock
lambs
Capon- a castrated male rooster
Dock- the act of removing the tail birth
to lambs Clutch- a set of eggs being hatched

Mutton- the meat of sheep animals Molt- the act of losing feathers

Shearing- the act of removing wool or Layers- poultry used to produced eggs
mohair from an animal
Fryers- poultry used for meat
Wool- natural fibre produced by ovines
Pedigree- tracking the ancestors of an 2. Cattle- domesticated bovine animals
animal 3. Bull- male breeding ox of any age
4. Cow- mature female ox, one that has
Breed- a variety of animal with specific given birth
traits 5. Heifer- young female ox under three
years of age, usually one that has not yet
Breed Association- a group of givenm birth
producers that ensure breed traits 6. Steer- male ox castrated before
ssexual maturity
Commodity Group- a group of 7. Stag- male ox castrated after sexual
producers producing similar product maturity
8. Calf- young ox either sex, under one
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION year of age
9. Bull calf- young male calf under one
A. General terms year of age
10. Carabull- carabao bull, caraheifer,
1. Parturition- act of giving birth caracow, etc.
a. Calving- act of giving birth in cows 11. Bullock- usually a stag for draft
b. Farrowing- act of giving birth in purposes
sows 12. Carabull- carabao bull
c. Kidding- act of giving birth in 13. Caraheifer- young female carabao
goats under three years of age usually one that
d. Foaling- act of giving birth in has not yet given birth
mares 14. Caracow- mature female carabao,
e. Lambing- act of giving birth in one that has given birth
ewes 15. Transmitting ability- the ability of
an animal to pass on either good or bad
2. Gestation- pregnancy time from traits to its progeny
conception to birth 16. Proven sire- bull about whom one
3. Conception- act of fertilization sufficient unselected information to
4. Dam- female parent indicate his transmitting ability
5. Sire- male parent
6. Fertility- ability to produce C. Horse- Equus caballus
fertilizable ova 1. Stallion- mature male horse
7. Fecundity or prolificacy- ability to -studhorse- use for breeding
give birth to offspring frequently 2. Mare- mature female horse
8. Sterility- inability to produce normal -broodmare term for breeding
young 3. Colt- young male horse usually up to
9. Impotency- failure to copulate 3 yrs old
10. Puberty- sexual maturity, as 4. Filly- young female horse usually up
exhibited by first heat ovulation to 3 yrs old
11. Weanling- young animal, after 5. Foal- young horse of either sex below
separation from its dam one year of age
12. Weaning- the process of separating 6. Gelding- horse which was castrated
the young from its dam while young
7. Yeld mare or Dry mare- one which
B. Catlle- Bos taurus/ Bos indicus hindi pa nagkaanak during breedinig
1. Ox- ruminant number of the bovine season
family, or sometimes the male used for 8. Ridgling- stallion with only one testis
draft purposes or none in its scrotum
9. Equitition- horsemanship, the art Veal- ox, < 1yr old
riding horseback Venison- deer
Mutton- sheep, 1 yr >
D. SWINE Sus scrofa/ Sus domesticus/ Lamb- sheep, <1yr
Sus vitatus Chevon- goat meat
Horsemeat- horse
1. Boar- male pig of any age Carabeef- carabao beef, caraveal
2. Sow- mature female pig, nanganak na Game meat- game animals ( wild
3. Gilt- young female pig under 1 year hunted)
of age, hindi pa nanganganak
4. Shote- young pig of either sex, Meat- properly dressed flesh
weighing appr. 60kgs Slaughtering- from fasting through
5. Barrow- male pig, castrated while stunning, bleeding up to skinning and
young evisceration
6. Stag- a male pig castrated after sexual Butchering- cutting into retail cuts
maturity
7. Weanling- young pigs separated from G. Poultry:
the sow Chicken- Gallus gallus domesticus
8. Suckling- young pigs from birth up to Duck Mallard- Anas platyrhynchos
weaning Muscovy duck- Cairina moschata
9. Litter- group of pigs born in one Turkey- Meleagris gallopavo
farrowing Pigeon- Columbia livia
10. Litter size- number of young pigs Quail- Coturnix coturnix
born in one farrowing Geese- Cygnopsis cygnoides

Sheep- Ovis aries & Goat- Capra hircus 1. Poultry- a collective term for all
domestic birds
1. Ram- male sheep 2. Chicken- common poultry species
2. Ewe- female of any age 3. Chick- young chicken while in the
3. Lamb- young sheep of either sex <1 down stage
year 4. Rooster- male fowl one year old or
4. Wether sheep- male sheep which was over
castrated 5. Cockerel- a male fowl less than 1
5. Shearling- yearling sheep with two year old
teeth 6. Capon- caponized male
6. Fleece- wool covering the sheep 7. Pullet- female fowl less than a year
7. Billy goat or buck- male goat of any old
age 8. Drake- male duck
8. Pelt- wool and skin of a sheep 9. Duck - female duck
9. Doe- female goat of any age 10. Duckling- young duck in the down
10. Kid- young goat of either sex below stage
one year of age 11. Plumage- feathers of a fowl
11. Wether goat- male goat castrated 12. Poult- the young of the domestic
before the s econdary sex cjaracters have turkey
develop
Others
Meat and Meat products 1. Rabbit- Oryctolagus cuniculus
2. Guinea pig- Cavia cobaya
1. Meat of different animals 3. Donkey- Equus asinus
beef- ox, 1 yr old and >
Buffalo
-water buffalo- Bubalus bubalis
-river type- Bubalus carabanensis

Cattle
European/exotic- Bos taurus
Indian/humped- Bos indicus

Goat- Capra hircus

Sheep- Ovis aries

Horse- Equus caballus

Pig/Swine- Sus scrofa/ Sus domesticus/

Sus vitatus

Chicken- Gallus domesticus

Pigeon- Columbia livia

Duck
Mallard- Anas platyrhynchos
Muscovy- Cairina moschata
Pekin- Anas platyrhynchos

Turkey- Meleagris gallopavo

Quail- Coturnix coturnix

Rabbits- Oryctulagos cuniculus

Camel- Camelus dromedaries

Goose- Anser anser