Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Integral Calculus 1

Algebraic, Exponential, & Logarithmic Functions du 1 u Using Horizontal Strip:

 = arcsec + C

y2
 a du = a  du = au + C u u2 − a2 a a A=
y1
x dy


2
au arcsin u du = u arcsin u + 1 − u + C y2
 au du =
ln a
+C A=

y1
( xR − xL ) dy


2
1 n+1 arctan u du = u arctan u - ln 1 + u
 un du =
n+1
u + C for n  –1 Using Vertical Strip:
x2


u
eu du = e + C Integration by Parts A=

x1
y dx


du  udv = uv -  v du

x2

 u −1 du =
u
= ln u + C A=
x1
( yU − yL ) dx

Trigonometric Substitution
 ln u du = u ln u – u + C
When a2 – u2 is involved, try u = a sin .
r = f()

When a2 + u2 is involved, try u = a tan .

Polar Coordinates
Trigonometric Functions When u2 – a2 is involved, try u = a sec . 2 d

 sin u du = -cos u + C The substitution may be represented

A= 1
2 
1
 r 2 d r

geometrically by constructing a right triangle.

2 1
 sec2 u du = tan u + C
Wallis formula
LENGTH OF ARC

/2
cos u du = sin u + C
 sin Rectangular Coordinates
m n
 cos  d
( ds)2 = ( dx )2 + ( dy )2

2
csc u du = -cot u + C 0
[( m − 1)( m − 3)...(2or1)][( n − 1)( n − 3)...(2or1) 2 2
=  x2  dy 
 tan u du = ln sec u + C (m + n )(m + n -2)...(2or1) s= 
x1
1 +   dx
 dx 
 sec u tan u du = sec u + C where:  = /2 when both m and n are even
y2  dx 
2 ds
dy
 = 1 if otherwise s=  1 +   dy
1
 cot u du = ln sin u + C y1
 dy  dx

PLANE AREAS
 csc u cot u du = -csc u + C Rectangular Coordinates
Polar Curves
 sec u du = ln(sec u + tan u) + C Y
2
2  dr 
xL

2
s= r +   d
 csc u du = ln(csc u – cot u) + C
x
dy 1  d 
r = f()

xR P2(r2, 2)
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
dsc dr
du u y
 a2 − u2
= arcsin + C
a
yU
d
r ds

dx yL
du 1 u P1(r1, 1)
 a2 + u2
= arctan + C
a a
O
X

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Integral Calculus 1
Problems 8. A cable carrying a uniform weight is 23. Find the area bounded by the curve y = x3, the
2 2y suspended in a parabolic shape as shown. x-axis and the line x = 2. 4 unit2
1. Evaluate 
1 0
( x 2 + y 2 ) dx dy . Determine the length of the cable. 24. Determine the area bounded by the curves x =
A. 35/2 C. 17/2 50 m 1/y, 2x – y = 0, x = 6, and the x-axis. 2.638 unit2
B. 19/2 D. 37/8 25. Find the area bounded by the curves x2 + 3y =
2. A body moves such that its acceleration as a B 4 and x - 2y = 4. 15.257 unit2
4m
function of time is a = 2 + 12t, where t is in 26. For the polar curve, r = 4 – 4 sin , compute the
minutes and a is in m/min2. Its velocity after A area lying to the right of the y-axis. 12 units2
6m
1 minute is 11 m/min. Find its velocity after 2 27. Find the area bounded by the curve x2/3 + y2/3
minutes in m/min. A. 55.8 m C. 56.81 m = a2/3 in two ways. 1.178 a2 units2
A. 31 C. 23 B. 60 m D. 53.27 m 28. Find the area of one arc of the cycloid x = a( -
B. 45 D. 18 sin ), y = a(1 – cos ). Also find the length of
9. Find the total area bounded by the curves y = one arc of its graph. Ans. 3a2; 8a
3. Find the area bounded by y = sin x and y = cos
x3 − 4x and y = x2 + 2x. 21.083 unit2 29. Find the length of the arc of one branch of the
x from x = /4 to x = 5/4.
10. Find the area, in the first quadrant, bounded parabola y2 = 4x from the vertex to the end of
A. 3.009 C. 3.288
by the curve x2y = 8, the lines x = 4, y = 8, and the latus rectum. Ans. 2.296
B. 2.828 D. 2.900
the axes. 14 unit2 30. A point moves in a plane according to the law
4. Find the area enclosed by r2 = 2a2 cos .
11. Find the area between the curves 2x + 4x + y
2
x = 1 – cos 2t and y = 2 cos t. Find the length
A. 2a2 C. a2
= 0 and y = 2x. 9 unit2 of the path. Ans. 5.916
B. 4a 2 D. 3a2
12. Find the area bounded by the curve ay = x2 31. Determine the solution of the following
5. The length of arc of the function y = x2/3 from
and the lines y = a and y = 4a. 28/3 a2 unit2 equations.
x = 0 to x = 8 is:
13. Find the area bounded by the line y = x, and a. (D3 - 6D2 + 5D)y = 0
A. 8.765 C. 10.231 Ans. y = C1+C2ex +C3e5x
the cubic y = x3. ½ unit2 b. (4D2 - 3D - 10)y = 0
B. 9.073 D. 12.988 Ans. y= C1e-5x/4 +C2e2x
14. A cow is tied to a silo of radius 10 m by a rope c. (4D3 - 4D2 + D)y = 0
6. What is the perimeter of the curve r = 4(1 − sin just long enough for the cow to reach the
Ans. y=(C1+C2x)ex/2 +C3

)? d. (D2 - 4D + 5)y = 0 Ans. y=(C1cosx+C2sinx)e2x

opposite side of the silo. Find the area
A. 32.47 C. 25.13 available for grazing by the cow. 2583.86 m2 e. (D + 9D)y = 0
3 Ans. y=C1cos3x+C2sin3x+C3

B. 30.12 D. 28.54 15. Find the area enclosed by r = 2 sin .

2 32. Find the differential equation of a family of
7. The figure shown below is composed of arc of Answer: 1.5 unit2 parabolas having their vertices at the origin
circles with centers at each corner of the square 16. What is the area within the curve r2 = 16 cos ? and their foci on the x-axis. Ans. 2xdy-ydx =0
20 cm by 20 cm. Find the area of the shaded Answer: 32 units2 33. Find the differential equation of family of
region. 17. Find the area inside the cardioid r = 1 + cos  circles, with center on the x-axis with given
but outside the circle r = 1. 2.7854 units2 radius. Ans. yy”+(y’)2+1=0
18. Find the total area bounded by the curves y = 34. A spring of natural length 10 in. is such that a
x3 − 4x and y = x2 + 2x. 21.083 unit2 force of 6 lb will stretch it 2 in.
19. Find the area enclosed by four-leaved rose r = a. Find the work in stretching the spring
4 cos 2. 8 from its natural length to a length of 14 in.
24 in-lb
20 cm

20. Find the length in the first quadrant portion of

the curve x2 = 16 – 8y. 4.59 b. Find the work necessary to stretch the
21. Find the area of one arc of the curve y = 4 sin x spring from a length of 14 in. to the length
and the x-axis. 8 of 18 in. 72 inlb
22. Find the area between y = 2 and y = 2 cos x 4 y y
from x = 0 to x = 2. 4
35. Evaluate 
1 y 2
x
dx dy -49/5
20 cm

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Integral Calculus 2
Volume of Solids of Revolution 7. Find the volume generated by revolving the
xR - xL dy area on the 1st and 4th quadrants of the ellipse
xR
Circular Disk Method y2/9 + x2/4 = 1 about the line x = 3. 127.39 unit3
xL yc 8. Find the volume of the solid generated when
xR
xR the area bounded by the curve y2 = x, the x-axis
xL
xL
dy and the line x = 2 is revolved about the y-axis.
14.22iunit3
yc
dy 9. The area bounded by = 8y, the lines x = 8 and
x2
dy
y = 0 is revolved about the line x = 16. Compute
y2 the volume generated. 1340.41iunit3

y2
V = 2 y1
yC ( xR − xL ) dy
10. Given is the area in the first quadrant bounded
V=  
y1
( xR 2 − xL 2 ) dy
Surface Area of Revolution
by x2 = 8y, the line x = 4 and the x-axis. What is
the volume generated by revolving this area
a2 about the y- axis? 16

dx
As = 2   a1
r ds
r
11. Find the volume of the pyramid formed in the
first octant by the plane 6x + 10y + 5z – 30 = 0.
2 15 unit3
 dx 
yU ds = 1+  dy 12. For the area bounded by the curve y2 = 8x and
yL  dy  the line x = y, what is the volume of the solid
ds
2 formed when this area is revolved about the…
yU  dy 
ds = 1+  dx a. x-axis b. the line x = y
dx
yL  dx  256 unit3, 37.934 unit3
13. The area bounded by the parabola y2 = 16x and
its latus rectum is revolved about its latus
Problems rectum. Find the volume generated. 429 unit3
x2 1. The area bounded by the curve y = sin x from x 14. A region is bounded by y = 12 − x3 and y = 12 −
V=  
x1
( yU 2 − yL 2 ) dx = 0 to x =  is revolved about the x-axis. What 4x. Find the volume generated by revolving
is the volume generated? the region about the x-axis. 192 unit3
2. The area bounded by y2 = x3 and x = 4 is 15. Find the volume generated when the area in the
Cylindrical Shell Method revolved about the line x = 4. Find the volume first quadrant bounded by the parabola 12y =
xc dx generated. x2, the y-axis, and the line y = 3, is revolved
xc 3. The area bounded by x2 = 8y, the lines x = 8 and about the line 2x – y + 4 = 0. 225.893 unit3
y = 0 is revolved about the line x = 16. Compute 16. Find the volume of the solid obtained by
the volume generated. rotating about the y-axis the region bounded by
yU - yL

4. Find the surface area generated by rotating the the curve y = 2x2 − x3 and the x-axis. 10.05 unit3
yU
first quadrant portion of the curve x2 = 16 − 8y 17. A tank contains 100 liters of brine with 60 kg of
dx yL about the y-axis. salt solution. Brine containing 1.0 kg per liter of
5. Find the volume in the first octant, bounded by salt flows into the tank at the rate of 2 liters per
x2
the following surfaces: x = 1; x2 = y + 2z. minute and the mixture, kept uniform by
V = 2 x1
xC ( yU − yL ) dx 6. Find the volume of the solid obtained by
rotating about the y-axis the region bounded by
stirring, flows out at the rate of 3 liters per
minute. Find the amount of salt in the tank at
the curve y = 2x2 − x3 and the x-axis. 10.05 unit3 the end of one hour. 37.44 kg

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Integral Calculus 3
Centroids by Integration Product of Inertia 11. For the area bounded by y = sin x and the x-axis
Location of Centroid from the Y-axis = xG from x = 0 to x = .
Using Horizontal Strip:
Ixy =  xy dA a. Find its area. 2
y2 b. How far from the x-axis is its centroid? /8
A xG = 1
2  y1
( xR 2 − xL 2 ) dy Radius of Gyration, c. Find the volume generated when the area
I is revolved about the x-axis. 4.935
Using Vertical Strip: k=
A 12. Given the equation y = x2 and y = x
x2
A xG =  x1
x( yu − yL ) dx
Transfer Formula for the Moment of Inertia
a. Determine the area bounded by given
equation. 1/6
I = IG + Ad2 b. Determine the x-coordinate of the centroid
Location of Centroid from the X-axis = yG of the obtained plane area? 0.5
Using Horizontal Strip: PROBLEMS c. Determine the corresponding y-coordinate
y2 1. Find the coordinates of the centroid of the plane of the centroid? 0.4
A yG =  y1
y( xR − xL ) dy area bounded by the curve x2 + y – 4 = 0 and the 13. A plane area is bounded in the first quadrant
Using Vertical Strip: x – axis. by the curves y2 = -16(x – 4), the line 8x – 15y =
x2 2. Find the volume generated when the area in the 0, and the x-axis.
A yG = 1
2  x1
( yU 2 − yL 2 ) dx first quadrant bounded by the parabola 12y =
x2, the Y-axis, and the line y = 3, is revolved
a. What is the slope of the line?
b. Find the area bounded by the curves? 4.08
8/15

about the line 2x – y + 4 = 0. c. What is the moment of inertia of this area

Moments of Inertia by integration 3. The curve y = ax2 + 120 passes through (40, 0). about the x-axis? 2.77
Moment of inertia, also called the second moment 14. A right-circular cylindrical tank with a depth of
Find the radius of gyration of the area bounded
of area, is the product of area and the square of its 10 m and a radius of 5 m is half-filled with
by the curve and the x-axis with respect to the
moment arm about a reference axis. water. Find the work necessary to pump all the
x-axis.
Moment of inertia about the x-axis = Ix 4. Determine the moment of inertia of the area water to a distance 2 m above the top of the
Using Horizontal Strip: bounded by the curve x2 = 4y, the line x – 4 = 0 tank. 36, 598 kN.m
y2 y2 15. The number of bacteria in a liquid culture is
Ix =  y1
y 2 dA =  y1
y 2 ( xR − xL ) dy and the x-axis, with respect to the y-axis.
5. A solid is formed by revolving about the y-axis, observed to grow at a rate proportional to the
Using Vertical Strip: the area bounded by the curve x3 = y, the y-axis number of cells present. At the beginning of the
x2 and the line y = 8. Find its centroid. experiment there are 10,000 cells and after 3
Ix = 1
3  x1
( yU 3 − yL 3 ) dx
6. Locate the centroid of the area enclosed by the hours, there are 500,000. How many will there
be after 6 hours of growth if this unlimited
parabola y2 = 3x and the line x – 2y = 0. (4.8, 3)
Moment of inertia about the y-axis = Iy 7. How far from the y-axis is the centroid of the growth continues? What is the doubling time of
Using Horizontal Strip: area bounded by the curve x2 = 16y, the line x = the bacteria? 25x106 ; About 32 min.
y2
12, and the x-axis. 16. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon

9
Iy = 1
3
( xR 3 − xL 3 ) dy that has a half-life of 5600 years. It is used
y1 8. Find the centroid of the area bounded by the
parabola x2 - 4x + y = 5 and the lines x = 0 and y extensively in dating organic material that is
Using Vertical Strip:
x2 x2 = 9. Ans. (1/2,39/5)
tens of thousand years old. What fraction of the
Iy =  x1
x 2 dA =  x1
x 2 ( yU − yL ) dx 9. Find the centroid of the right-half area of r = 1 original amount of Carbon-14 in a sample
would be present after 10,000 years? At how
+ sin . Ans. (16/9, 5/6)
many years will the amount be 5% of the
Polar moment of inertia 10. Find the centroid of the area in the first
original? About 29% will be left.; 24,203 yr
quadrant under the arch of y = sin (x/4) nearest
r
2
J = Ix + Iy = dA 1 x x+y
the y-axis. Ans. (2, /8) 17. Evaluate  
0 0 0
( x + y + z) dz dy dx 7/8

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