Personal Development

Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Developmental Tasks and
Challenges of Adolescence
 Lesson
Developmental Tasks and
5 Challenges of Adolescence
In this lesson, we will be focusing on the tasks and challenges that you
experienced during your adolescence stage. Adolescence is the period
of development that begins at puberty and ends at emerging adulthood. During
puberty stage, there are changes that occur in the body of a child. It is a natural
process that everyone goes through. Remember when you started to notice the rapid
changes in your body? Mostly resulted to your being self-conscious and being overly
emotional. Sometimes, you would want to be accepted and be “in”, but at times, you
would want to be just left alone. These adjustments are part of developmental
changes during adolescence stage -- the time when a child transitions in terms of
physiology and cognition to fulfil a new role as an emerging adult.

We will walk along with you to discover yourself as you take the journey to the
stage of becoming a responsible individual. Knowledge and understanding to oneself
is the key to overcome the challenges in this period of your life. With guidance,
assurance, and a better understanding of the process, you will have an easier time
transitioning yourself in this extraordinary developmental stage.

What’s In

In Module 4, you learned that life is full of challenges. Nonetheless, what

matters is how you manage and overcome the challenges that you encounter in your
life. This may be difficult, but learning to accept these difficulties may lead you in
the right directions. Your thoughts, feelings, and behavior toward a situation are
reflection of yourself as a person. Moreover, dealing with circumstances makes you
become a better individual.

Read and express your thoughts, feelings, and ideas on the

following situations. Write your answers in your notebook.

Situation No. 1
John is an active member of school organizations. He has a lot of talents to share
and ideas to contribute to their club. Aside from that, he is known for his looks, neatness,
and tidiness. However, these seemingly likeable characteristics became the reasons that
many get envious and try to create rumors and gossips about him. This hurt him so much
that he almost wanted to drop from schooling

Give your reaction:

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 Situation No. 2

Erica is a Grade 11 student. Like any other girls she is sociable and have a lot of
friends in school. She is just an average student, but having a crush on her top one
classmate urged her to spend late nights studying to keep up with him. However, all her
efforts still fell short and she did not make it to the cut of students with honors. Because
of this, she developed an eating disorder that caused her to lose huge weight. She also
started to have breakouts. With these, the then friendly Erica became aloof and self-
conscious.

Give your reaction:

Processing Questions:
1. What kind of adolescent did the two students portray in the two situations?

2. What challenges did John and Erica experience?

3. What challenges do Filipino adolescents face most?

Notes to the Teacher

1. Process every activity. You can use question and answer method
just to ensure that the learners understand it.
2. In the discussion, give additional information about the topic.
3. Multidisciplinary approach is encouraged. Search for additional
resources for the topic.
4. Use the story of Alice in Wonderland as springboard to discuss the
new lesson.

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 What’s New

“Who are you?' said the Caterpillar. This was not an encouraging opening
for a conversation. Alice replied, rather shyly, `I--I hardly know, sir, just at
present-- at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think I must
have been changed several times since then.' What do you mean by that?' said
the Caterpillar sternly. `Explain yourself!'

`I can't explain myself, I'm afraid, sir' said Alice,

`because I'm not myself, you see.'
`I don't see,' said the Caterpillar.

`I'm afraid I can't put it more clearly,' Alice replied very politely, `for I can't
understand it myself to begin with; and being so many different sizes in a day is
very confusing.'
https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rgs/alice-V.html
Alice in Wonderland-Lewis Carroll

Adolescence is defined as the period between the normal onset of puberty

and the beginning of adulthood. In the Oxford English Dictionary, the origin of the
word adolescence was from late Middle English (as a noun) and was derived via
French from Latin adolescent, which means ‘coming to maturity’. Other derivation
of the word the same origin is adolescere, from ad- ‘to’ + alescere ‘grow, grow up’,
from alere ‘nourish’.

The transition period between childhood and early adulthood is quite difficult.
This is the most crucial stage because this is the time when teens start defining
themselves. Remember, however, that each adolescent’s experiences, individual
changes, and growth vary.

Activity 1:

The following illustrations show a boy and a girl adolescent. Let one represent
you and recall the challenges you have experienced during your adolescence stage.
Write your answers inside the box below.

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 Example: rapid changes of physical appearance

Processing Questions:

1. What were the most difficult challenges you have encountered?

2. How were you able to overcome these challenges?

3. How did these challenges help you to be a better person? How do you think
this would prepare you to your adulthood?

What is It

Developmental Challenges of Adolescence

Adolescence is the transition period between childhood and early adulthood–
the most rapid stage of human development. According to World Health Organization
(WHO), it is a period of life with specific health and development needs and rights. It
is also a time to develop knowledge and skills, learn to manage emotions and
relationship, and acquire attributes and abilities that will be important for enjoying
the adolescent years and assuming adult roles.

Cambridge Dictionary defines developmental as relating to the process of

growing or changing into a more advance, larger and stronger form, while challenges
is defined as something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be
done successfully and therefore tests a person's ability. The challenges the
adolescents are facing occur during the development of his/her biological, cognitive,
and physiological, spiritual and moral aspects.

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 Early Adolescence Middle Adolescence Late Adolescence
Biological • Developmental • Development of body • Transition as the
Challenges changes and the shape young person
onset of puberty as • Physical changes consolidates his
indicated by growth from puberty identity and comes
spurt continue to grips with his
future.

Psychological • Concrete thinking, • The concrete • Complex abstract

Challenges but early moral thinking, but early thinking;
concepts moral concepts; identification of
• Development of progression of difference between
sexual identity sexual identity law and morality
• Possible of sexual development • Feeling
preferences; peer • The awakening of himself/herself a
interest heterosexuality completer and
more separate
person
• Development of
personal identity

Social • Start of strong peer • The first tentative • Form and

Challenges identification interest and maintain truly
• His group activities approach towards intimate
are primarily with the opposite sex relationships with
members of his own usually takes place. others whose
sex. • The awakening of beliefs, ideals,
heterosexuality that and motives he
often disrupts can see and
previous peer respect as clearly
groupings and as he does his
intimate friendships own.
• Development of
vocational
capability and
financial
independence’
Behavioral • His behavior may • This is the stage • He is more able to
Challenges temporarily show a when adolescent be selective and
disorganized, rebellion starts discriminating in
erratic quality along • Period of irritability, his relationships
with a decreased wide mood swings,
willingness to and rapidly
accommodate the changing feelings.
expectations of his
parents and others
• Wide mood swings
and periodic bouts
of feeling ill-treated
and unloved may
dominate his
emotional life.
Source: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-81464-0_2

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Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
In the eight stages of Psychosocial Developmental Theory of Erik Erikson,
Identity vs. Role Confusion (this stage is the age between 12 to 18 years old) explains
that adolescents would try to explore and figure out their own identity and try to fit
in with social interactions at the same time. According to Erikson, an adolescent’s
main task is developing a sense of self. Adolescents struggle with questions “Who am
I?” and “What do I want to do with my life?” Most of the adolescents try to explore
various roles and ideas and look for a place where they can fit, set goals, and attempt
to discover themselves.

As an adolescent who is entering the stage of adulthood, you are responsible

for your own being. Accepting yourself and ensuring your body’s physical health help
you build stronger personality and sense of identity. Likewise, building a strong
relationship with your family and showing affection and respect to others can
improve interactions with them. Establishing social responsibility, moreover,
develops personal and moral values to guide you on how to react to social issues.

Entering adulthood is undeniably a big challenge. At this stage of your life,

your family, your school, and your community contribute to prepare you
in this life-changing task. You should, in turn, need to be emotionally prepared since
you would need to choose people whom you think would help you fulfill these tasks
in order for you to reach you goals in life

Some years ago, Professor Robert J. Havighurst of the University of Chicago

proposed that stages in human development can best be thought of in terms of the
developmental tasks that are part of the normal transition. In his developmental
tasks theory, he stressed out that when people successfully accomplish the
developmental tasks at a stage, they feel pride and satisfaction. He defines
developmental task as a task that arises at or about a certain period in life,
unsuccessful achievement of which leads to inability to perform tasks associated
with the next period or stage in life.

Havighurst identified eleven Developmental Tasks of Normal Adolescence

associated with the adolescent transition. However, he believes that adolescence do
not progress through these multiple developmental tasks separately because
adolescence tasks may vary with early, middle, and late periods of the transition.

Developmental Tasks of Adolescence

Late Adolescence to
Early Adolescence Middle Adolescence Early Adult Life
➢ Developing self- ➢ Emergence of new ➢ Preparing adult life
concept thinking skills ➢ Crystallize their
➢ Self-evaluation of ➢ Accepting one's vocational goals
their physical physique ➢ Establish sense of
acceptability ➢ Increase self-direction personal identity
➢ Achieving personal ➢ Achieving ➢ Psychologically
independence psychological independent from their
independence parents

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 ➢ Developing ➢ Achieving mature ➢ Shift to adulthood is
acceptable attitudes relations with both nearly complete
toward society sexes ➢ Preparing for marriage
➢ Learning to get along ➢ Achieving a and family life
with peers masculine or ➢ Preparing for an
feminine social role economic career
➢ Achieving emotional
independence of
adults
➢ Establish
psychological
independence from
one’s parents
➢ Acquiring values and
an ethical system to
guide behavior
➢ Desiring and
achieving socially
responsible
behavior
➢ Preparing for adult
roles and making
preliminary decisions
and vocational goals

https://ccoso.org/sites/default/files/import/Developmental-Tasks-of-Normal-Adolescence.htm

What’s More

Now that you already understood the challenges and tasks you face during
your adolescence years, let us try to answer the following activities to test your
learning.

Directions: Read and analyze the situations carefully then answer the questions that
follow in your notebook.

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Actvity1:

1. Your friends asked you to try to smoke cigarette. They said that if you don’t
try it, you will be out to their group.

What is the problem?

What is your responsibility?

What would be the solution?

2. You have always enjoyed badminton until you found out that your crush liked
it, too. One time during practice, though, your crush watched your training and
that made you conscious. This eventually resulted to errors that your coach
scolded you in front of the audience. You felt embarrassed especially to your crush
who happened to be there in the venue.
What is the problem?

What is your responsibility?

What would be the solution?

3. Your friend invited you to sleep over in their house to finish the research
paper that you need to submit the next day. However, you are anxious because
your classmate’s house is far and your parents might not allow you to go.
What is the problem?

What is your responsibility?

What would be the solution?

Assessment 1: Identify the challenge that is illustrated in the following

situations. Choose the letter best answer inside the box.

a. Social Challenges c. Biological Challenges

b. Behavioral Challenges d. Psychological Challenges

____________1. When Rina’s mother died in a car accident, she started to clam up
and stayed most of the time in her room. She lost her appetite and denied any
interaction with anyone. She would spend entire nights crying and mourning for the
loss.

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____________2. Miss Ana noticed that Justin was always absent on her class. She
asked Justin’s classmates if they knew what happened and she found out that Justin
was a victim of bullying that’s why he rarely went to school.
____________3. Amy started limiting her food intake because she thought and felt fat
whenever she looks in the mirror.
___________4. Ken enjoyed being with his friends, but there are times his friends
engage in smoking and drinking liquor. Although he doesn’t want to join, he has no
choice because they will kick him out from the group.
___________5. When Joey was still a child, he always went to bed early, but when he
learned to play online games, he started to spend more time playing gadget at night.

Activity 2: Read and answer the following

1. What are the implications of the developmental tasks to you as a student?

a.
b.
c.
2. Give at least three significant roles of adolescence in the society.
a.
b.
c.
3. Make a list of your skills that would help you in dealing with things when
you enter adult life.
a.
b.
c.
4. Explain: “Challenges help us to face the reality”

Assessment 2: Reflect, assess and determine how often you practice what the
statements say. Rate yourself according to the following scale. Check the
appropriate columns that corresponds to your answer.

5 - always 4 - often 3 - sometimes 2 - seldom 1 - never

Self-evaluation 5 4 3 2 1
1. I think many times before I make decisions.
2. I do self-assessment when I’m not sure
of my actions.
3. I am responsible of my actions.
4. I stand to my decisions and face its consequences
5. I take responsibilities seriously.
6. I accept challenges that come my way.
7. I think twice before I say something.
8. I prioritize my family rather than my friends.
9. I am shy to show my talent or skills with others.
10. I do my share in the household chores.

TOTAL

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Scoring Guide
40-50 -Demonstrates competency accurately, dependably, and independently.
20-39- Demonstrates competency accurately and dependably in most situations
with minimal guidance
10-19- Demonstrates competency accurately and dependably in most situation but
needs supervision from adult
1-9- Demonstrates competency inconsistently. Needs guidance and supervision
from adult.

Activity 3: Answer the following briefly.

1. Write an essay about the topic: “What Kind of Adolescent I am?”
2. Make a “thank you letter” to the most significant person in your life who has
helped you to understand yourself better.
3. Make a weekly plan of your tasks to accomplish.

Notes to the Teacher

1. Activity 3 will be written in a separate sheet of paper.
2. The essay must be brief and concise. It can be written in English or
Filipino.

What I Have Learned

Now that we are done with our topic, check your understanding about the
lesson.
Directions: Fill out the box that corresponds to the given statement.
Recall the most important ideas from the
Recall
lesson.
Summarize Summarize the ideas in a single sentence.

Question Ask 1 major question in mind.

Connect Connect the lessons in your life.

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Key Takeaways

1. The World Health Organization, (WHO) defines adolescence as a period of life

with specific health and development needs and rights.
2. The challenges the adolescents are facing occur during the development of
their biological, cognitive, and physiological, spiritual and moral aspects.
3. Developmental task is a task that arises at or about a certain period in life,
unsuccessful achievement of which leads to inability to perform tasks
associated with the next period or stage in life.
4. Identity vs. Role Confusion is one of the Eight Stages of Psychosocial
Developmental Theory of Erik Erikson, the age between1 2 to 18 years old. It
is where adolescents would try to explore and figure out their own identity and
try to fit in with social interactions at the same time.
5. Professor Robert Havighurst of the University of Chicago proposed that stages
in human development can best be thought of in terms of the developmental
tasks that are part of the normal transition.
6. Havighurst stressed out that when people successfully accomplish the
developmental tasks at a stage, they feel pride and satisfaction.

What I Can Do

As a Grade 11 student, you are most probably expected to enter the late
adolescence to early adulthood stage. You will encounter different adversities, but as
you go on with your life, you will become more responsible with your decisions and
actions. Now, list some ways on how you have become a more responsible individual.
Then, make a promise to yourself that you will do better in the coming years.

Promise to Myself

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
*

_______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________.

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