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C Array and Pointers

The document discusses four main topics in C programming: 1) Arrays are collections of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory with indices starting from 0. They have a fixed size declared at initialization. 2) Pointers store memory addresses and are used to manipulate memory and enable dynamic allocation. Pointer arithmetic allows navigating through memory locations. 3) Functions like malloc(), calloc(), and realloc() allocate memory dynamically, while free() deallocates it. 4) File handling functions like fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite() etc. are used to read from and write to files.

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16 views

C Array and Pointers

The document discusses four main topics in C programming: 1) Arrays are collections of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory with indices starting from 0. They have a fixed size declared at initialization. 2) Pointers store memory addresses and are used to manipulate memory and enable dynamic allocation. Pointer arithmetic allows navigating through memory locations. 3) Functions like malloc(), calloc(), and realloc() allocate memory dynamically, while free() deallocates it. 4) File handling functions like fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite() etc. are used to read from and write to files.

Uploaded by

wizking1216
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arrays in C:

• Arrays are collections of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory
locations.

• Elements in an array are accessed using indices, starting from 0.

• Arrays have a fixed size, specified during declaration.

Example: Array Declaration and Access

code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int nums[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Declaration and initialization of an array
int i; printf("Elements of the array: "); for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%d ", nums[i]); // Accessing array
elements using indices } printf("\n"); return 0; }

Pointers in C:

• Pointers are variables that store memory addresses.

• They are used to manipulate memory and facilitate dynamic memory allocation.

• Pointer arithmetic allows navigating through memory.

Example: Pointer Declaration and Usage

code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int num = 10; int *ptr; // Pointer declaration ptr = &num; // Assigning
address of num to ptr printf("Value of num: %d\n", num); printf("Address of num: %p\n", &num);
printf("Value of num using pointer: %d\n", *ptr); // Dereferencing pointer return 0; }

Dynamic Memory Allocation:

• malloc(), calloc(), and realloc() functions are used to allocate memory dynamically.

• free() function is used to deallocate memory.

Example: Dynamic Memory Allocation

code

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main() { int *nums; int size = 5; nums = (int *)malloc(size *
sizeof(int)); // Allocating memory if (nums == NULL) { printf("Memory allocation failed\n"); return 1; }
printf("Enter %d numbers: ", size); for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { scanf("%d", &nums[i]); // Reading input
into dynamically allocated array } printf("Numbers entered: "); for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { printf("%d ",
nums[i]); // Accessing elements of dynamically allocated array } printf("\n"); free(nums); //
Deallocating memory return 0; }

File Handling in C:
• fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite(), fprintf(), fscanf(), etc., are used for file handling in C.

Example: File Handling

code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE *fp; char str[50]; fp = fopen("example.txt", "w"); // Opening file in
write mode if (fp == NULL) { printf("Error opening file\n"); return 1; } fprintf(fp, "Hello, World!\n"); //
Writing to file fclose(fp); // Closing file fp = fopen("example.txt", "r"); // Opening file in read mode if
(fp == NULL) { printf("Error opening file\n"); return 1; } fscanf(fp, "%[^\n]", str); // Reading from file
printf("Data from file: %s\n", str); fclose(fp); // Closing file return 0; }

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