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Chapter 2 - Solutions

This document contains solutions to statistical problems involving concepts like mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, five number summary, outliers, empirical rule, and coefficient of variation. The problems analyze data sets and calculate various statistical measures. Key steps and results are shown but full working details are omitted.

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kalathiyahardik70
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16 views4 pages

Chapter 2 - Solutions

This document contains solutions to statistical problems involving concepts like mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, five number summary, outliers, empirical rule, and coefficient of variation. The problems analyze data sets and calculate various statistical measures. Key steps and results are shown but full working details are omitted.

Uploaded by

kalathiyahardik70
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2 - Solutions

1) Answer: (c)
2) Answer: (b)
3) Answer: (d)
4) Answer: (a)
5) Answer: (b)

6) Solution: Sorted data: 18, 19, 30, 31, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 41, 43

6th value + 7th value 32+33


a) Mean=32.08; Median= 2
= 2
= 32.5; Mode=31

b) Variance:

x2i ) − ( xi )2 12(12971) − (385)2


P P
2 n(
s = = = 56.265
n(n − 1) 12(12 − 1)

Standard deviations
√
s= 56.26 = 7.501

c) Q1 = 41 (12 + 1) = 3.25th ordered observation= 30 + 0.25 ∗ (31 − 30) = 30.25 and


Q3 = 34 (12 + 1) = 9.75th ordered observation = 36 + 0.75 ∗ (37 − 36) = 36.75.
Five number of summary: Min=18, Q1 = 30.25, Q2 = 32.5, Q3 = 36.75, Max=43.
82
d) P82 = 100
(12 + 1) = 10.66th ordered observation= 37 + 0.66 ∗ (41 − 37) = 39.64

7) Solution: The cumulative GPA is


4 ∗ 3.7 + 3 ∗ 4 + 5 ∗ 3
= 3.483
4+3+5

8) Solution: By Empirical rule (refer to the Figure 1) that 16% students have lower
scores than you (score: 71.5). So the number of students=0.16 ∗ 120 ≈ 19

9) Solution: The ordered data 4.7, 4.8, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, 5.8, 6.4, 6.6
a)

ˆ Q1 = 41 (9 + 1) = 2.5th ordered obs= 4.8 + 0.50 ∗ (5.3 − 4.8) = 5.05.

ˆ Median =Q2 = 21 (9 + 1) = 5th ordered obs= 5.6.

ˆ Q3 = 43 (9 + 1) = 7.5th ordered obs= 5.8 + 0.5 ∗ (6.4 − 5.8) = 6.1.

1
71.5 78.5 85.5
76.5

Figure 1: Normal curve for empirical rule

ˆ Five number of summary: Min=4.7, Q1 = 5.05, Q2 = 5.6, Q3 = 6.1, Max=6.6.

b)

ˆ Lower cutoff value for outliers: Q1 − 1.5 ∗ IQR = 5.05 − 1.5 ∗ (6.1 − 5.05) = 3.475

ˆ Upper cutoff value for outliers: Q3 + 1.5 ∗ IQR = 6.1 + 1.5 ∗ (6.1 − 5.05) = 7.675

ˆ No outliers are present, as there are no observations outside the interval [3.475, 7.675]

10) Solution: Using empirical rule, the interval is [x̄ − 2 ∗ s, x̄ + 2 ∗ s]. Here x̄ = 55
and s = 6. The interval is: 55 ± 2 ∗ 6 = [43, 67]

11) Solution: Find the answers of (a), (b), (c) and (d) from Figure 2. From figure, it
shows that
a) 50%
b) 95%
c) 13.5 + 2.4 + 0.1 = 16%
d) 2.4 + 0.1 = 2.5%.

2
61.5 64 66.5 69 71.5
76.5 74

Figure 2: Normal curve for empirical rule

12) a) Solution: IQR = 14 − 8.5 = 5.5

b) Solution: Yes, because 23 is greater than the upper limit 20.

NOTE: I used Excel to address this question, and Figure 2 indicates that the
upper limit is 20; however, this is not accurate. If you manually calculate
the upper limit by hand, it should be 14 + 1.5 * 5.5 = 22.25. It’s important
to note that the results obtained from Excel and manual calculations using
a calculator may not match. Please don’t be confused by this discrepancy.

c) Solution: 75%. The shape of the distribution is skewed to the left.

3
13) Solution:

a) Since the 50th percentile =116 and the 90th percentile = 127, we can say that the
proportion of men having systolic blood pressure between 116 and 127 is 0.90 − 0.50 =
0.40. The required number of men = 3179(0.40) ≈ 1272.

b) Outlier boundaries are values below Q1 − 1.5(Q3 − Q1 ) = 108 − 1.5 ∗ (120 − 108)
= 90 or above Q3 + 1.5(Q3 − Q1 ) = 120 + 1.5 ∗ (120 − 108) = 138. Since a blood
pressure of 140 is greater than 138, so it will be considered as an outlier.

14) Solution: For supplement diet Mean= 10


P P10 2
i=1 xi /10 = 120/10 = 12, and i=1 xi =
1447.52
Variance for supplement diet data:

n( x2i ) − ( xi )2 10(1447.52) − (120)2


P P
2
s = = = 0.8355.
n(n − 1) 10(10 − 1)
√
and standard deviation = s = 0.8355 = 0.914

For normal diet


Mean= 10
P P10 2
i=1 xi /10 = 110/10 = 11, and i=1 xi = 1219.34
Variance for normal diet data:
n( x2i ) − ( xi )2 10(1219.34) − (110)2
P P
2
s = = = 1.038
n(n − 1) 10(10 − 1)
√
and standard deviation = s = 1.038 = 1.019

Now the coefficient of variation for supplement diet


s 0.914
CVsupplement = × 100 = × 100 = 7.62%.
x̄ 12
The coefficient of variation for normal diet
s 1.019
CVnormal = × 100 = × 100 = 9.26%.
x̄ 11
The relative variation to the mean in the hemoglobin levels for children on a normal
diet is greater by a factor of 9.26/7.62 = 1.21 times compared to the relative variation
to the mean in the hemoglobin levels for children on a supplement diet.

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