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Abhi 2

The 7-layer OSI model is a framework that describes how data moves through a networking system. It consists of 7 layers, each with specific functions: 1. The physical layer deals with raw data transmission and hardware specifications. 2. The data link layer handles addressing, flow control, and error detection. 3. The network layer manages routing, logical addressing, and packet forwarding between devices and networks. 4. The transport layer establishes connections and ensures reliable data delivery through port numbers, reliability, and segmentation. 5. The session layer creates communication sessions through establishment, maintenance, and termination of connections. 6. The presentation layer encodes and encrypts data for secure transmission between systems.

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18 views8 pages

Abhi 2

The 7-layer OSI model is a framework that describes how data moves through a networking system. It consists of 7 layers, each with specific functions: 1. The physical layer deals with raw data transmission and hardware specifications. 2. The data link layer handles addressing, flow control, and error detection. 3. The network layer manages routing, logical addressing, and packet forwarding between devices and networks. 4. The transport layer establishes connections and ensures reliable data delivery through port numbers, reliability, and segmentation. 5. The session layer creates communication sessions through establishment, maintenance, and termination of connections. 6. The presentation layer encodes and encrypts data for secure transmission between systems.

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Introduction to the OSI

Model
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to
understand and describe the functions of a networking system. It consists of seven
layers, each with specific responsibilities and interactions.
Layer 1: Physical Layer
1 Data Transmission 2 Hardware Specifications
The physical layer deals with the It defines the hardware's electrical and
transmission of raw data over a physical physical specifications, ensuring data
medium. integrity.
Layer 2: Data Link Layer
Addressing Flow Control Error Detection

Assigns hardware addresses to Manages the data flow between Detects and sometimes corrects
devices for identification on the two devices to avoid traffic errors that occur in the physical
network. congestion. layer.
Layer 3: Network Layer

1 Routing
Determines the best path for data to travel from source to destination.

2 Logical Addressing
Assigns logical addresses to devices to establish connections between networks.

3 Packet Forwarding
Manages the movement of data packets between devices across the network.

In this layer the source and the destination IP address are attached for the purpose of identification of devices , and to
decide the virtual path that need to taken by the data packets. So , it can be used for routing and pathing of packets.
Layer 4: Transport Layer
Reliability Segmentation
Ensures that data is delivered error-free, in Divides data into smaller units for
sequence, and without losses or transmission and reassembles them at the
duplications. destination.

This layer can establishes an application level connectivity. For this ,it attaches the source and destination port number
Layer 5: Session Layer
Establishment & Termination Dialog Control
Manages the session's establishment, Controls the dialog between two computers
maintenance, and termination between and allows them to communicate in a half-
applications. duplex or full-duplex mode.

This layer initiates a connection and creates a session, so that some context can be provided to
the communication between the two devices.
Layer 6: Presentation Layer

1 Data Translation 2 Encryption & Decryption


Translates data from the application format to Handles data encryption and decryption for
the network format and vice versa. secure transmissions over the network.

In this data is converted into computer friendly format that in binary code. so , the presentation layer encodes the input,
compresses it, and encrypts it if required. Then data is sent to next layer
Layer 7: Application Layer

Email Services Web Browsing Video Streaming


Facilitates email communication Enables users to browse and access Supports the transmission of video
and data transfer over networks. information from the World Wide content over the internet.
Web.

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