Data and Signals
Data and Signals
3.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Note
3.2
3-1 ANALOG AND DIGITAL
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Note
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Note
3.5
Figure 3.1 Comparison of analog and digital signals
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Note
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3-2 PERIODIC ANALOG SIGNALS
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Figure 3.2 A sine wave
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Note
3.10
Example 3.1
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Figure 3.3 Two signals with the same phase and frequency,
but different amplitudes
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Example 3.2
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Note
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Figure 3.4 Two signals with the same amplitude and phase,
but different frequencies
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Table 3.1 Units of period and frequency
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Example 3.3
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Example 3.4
Solution
From Table 3.1 we find the equivalents of 1 ms (1 ms is
10−3 s) and 1 s (1 s is 106 μs). We make the following
substitutions:.
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Example 3.5
Solution
First we change 100 ms to seconds, and then we
calculate the frequency from the period (1 Hz = 10−3
kHz).
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Note
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Note
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Note
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Figure 3.5 Three sine waves with the same amplitude and frequency,
but different phases
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Example 3.6
Solution
We know that 1 complete cycle is 360°. Therefore, 1/6
cycle is
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Figure 3.6 Wavelength and period
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Figure 3.7 The time-domain and frequency-domain plots of a sine wave
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Note
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Example 3.7
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Figure 3.8 The time domain and frequency domain of three sine waves
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Note
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Note
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Note
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Example 3.8
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Figure 3.9 A composite periodic signal
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Figure 3.10 Decomposition of a composite periodic signal in the time and
frequency domains
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Example 3.9
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Figure 3.11 The time and frequency domains of a nonperiodic signal
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Note
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Figure 3.12 The bandwidth of periodic and nonperiodic composite signals
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Example 3.10
The spectrum has only five spikes, at 100, 300, 500, 700,
and 900 Hz (see Figure 3.13).
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Figure 3.13 The bandwidth for Example 3.10
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Example 3.11
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Example 3.12
Solution
The lowest frequency must be at 40 kHz and the highest
at 240 kHz. Figure 3.15 shows the frequency domain
and the bandwidth.
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Figure 3.15 The bandwidth for Example 3.12
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Example 3.13
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Example 3.14
3.47
Example 3.15
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3-6 PERFORMANCE
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Example 3.43
3.105
Example 3.44
Solution
We can calculate the throughput as
Solution
We can calculate the propagation time as
Solution
We can calculate the propagation and transmission time
as shown on the next slide:
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Example 3.46 (continued)
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Example 3.47
Solution
We can calculate the propagation and transmission
times as shown on the next slide.
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Example 3.47 (continued)
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Figure 3.31 Filling the link with bits for case 1
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Example 3.48
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Figure 3.32 Filling the link with bits in case 2
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Note
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Figure 3.33 Concept of bandwidth-delay product
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