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Periodic Analog Signals

1. A sine wave is a simple periodic analog signal that cannot be decomposed further. It is characterized by its amplitude, frequency, and phase. 2. Composite signals are made up of multiple simple sine waves combined together. According to Fourier analysis, any composite signal can be represented as a combination of simple sine waves. 3. Composite signals can be periodic, consisting of discrete frequencies, or non-periodic, consisting of a continuous range of frequencies. Periodic signals repeat over time while non-periodic signals do not.

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294 views3 pages

Periodic Analog Signals

1. A sine wave is a simple periodic analog signal that cannot be decomposed further. It is characterized by its amplitude, frequency, and phase. 2. Composite signals are made up of multiple simple sine waves combined together. According to Fourier analysis, any composite signal can be represented as a combination of simple sine waves. 3. Composite signals can be periodic, consisting of discrete frequencies, or non-periodic, consisting of a continuous range of frequencies. Periodic signals repeat over time while non-periodic signals do not.

Uploaded by

roysayanccp05
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Periodic Analog Signals

Simple Composite

Sine Wave: It is a simple periodic analog signal. It cannot be decomposed into


simpler Signals.
Sine wave can be represented by three parameters.
1. Peak amplitude
2. Frequency
3. Phase
1. Peak amplitude:
 Of a signal is the absolute value of it’s highest intensity.
 It is proportional to the energy it carries.
2. Frequency:
Frequency is the number of periods in second.
Period: it is the amount of time taken by the signal to complete its one
cycle in second.
Frequency = 1/period
Frequency and period are the inverse of each other
Period is expressed in second
Frequency is expressed in Hertz(Hz)
Question: The period of a signal is 100ms. What is the frequency in kilohertz?
Answer: period = 100 ms = 100 x 10-3 s = 102 x 10-3 s = 10(2-3) s = 10-1 s
Frequency = 1/ period = 1/10-1 Hz = 10 Hz = 10 x 1/1000 KHz = 101 x 10-3 KHz
= 10-2 KHz (Answer)
3. Phase:
Phase describe the position of the wave form relative to time 0.
Phase is measure in degree or radius
3600 is 2π
Wave Length:
The distances a simple signal can travel in one period.
Wave length = propagation speed x period
= propagation speed x (1/Frequency)
= propagation speed / Frequency
Wavelength is normally measured in micrometre (microns)
Question: Wavelength of Red light ??
Answer: frequency = 4x1014 Hz
Propagation speed = 3x108 m/s
Wavelength = (3x108) / (4x1014) = 0.75 x 10-6 m = 0.75 µm

Time and Frequency Domains


Time -domain Plot: Shows changes in signal amplitude w.r.t. time .
It is an amplitude-versus-time plot.
Phase is not explicitly shown on time-domain plot.
Frequency-domain Plot: it is used to show the relationship between
amplitude and frequency .
It is concerned with the peak value and the frequency.
Changes of amplitude over one period are not shown.
Composite Signals: A composite signal is made of many simple sine wavs.
A single-frequency sine wave is not useful in data communications. We need to
send a composite signal to communicate data.
According to fourier analysis any composite signal is a combination of simple
sine waves with different frequencies, amplitudes and phases.
It is in two types—
1. Periodic
2. Non-periodic
1. Periodic: it can be decomposed into a series of simple sine waves with
discrete frequency.
2. Non-periodic: A nonperiodic composite signal can be decomposed into a
combination of an infinite numbers of simple sine waves with continuous
frequency.

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