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Unit 03 Transmission Media

The document discusses different types of transmission media used in data communication. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. Twisted pair cable includes unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). It also describes unguided or wireless media such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. The key advantages and disadvantages of each transmission medium are provided. Crimping an UTP cable requires inserting the straight cut wires into an RJ45 connector in the correct order and then squeezing the connector with a crimping tool.

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36 views10 pages

Unit 03 Transmission Media

The document discusses different types of transmission media used in data communication. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. Twisted pair cable includes unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). It also describes unguided or wireless media such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. The key advantages and disadvantages of each transmission medium are provided. Crimping an UTP cable requires inserting the straight cut wires into an RJ45 connector in the correct order and then squeezing the connector with a crimping tool.

Uploaded by

roysayanccp05
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of Transmission Media

In data communication terminology, a transmission medium is a physical path between


the transmitter and the receiver i.e it is the channel through which data is sent from one
place to another. Transmission Media is broadly classified into the following types:

1. Guided Media:
It is also referred to as Wired or Bounded transmission media. Signals being transmitted
are directed and confined in a narrow pathway by using physical links.

Features:
 High Speed
 Secure
 Used for comparatively shorter distances
There are 3 major types of Guided Media:
(i) Twisted Pair Cable –
It consists of 2 separately insulated conductor wires wound about each other.
Generally, several such pairs are bundled together in a protective sheath.
They are the most widely used Transmission Media.

Twisted Pair is of two types:


1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP):
This type of cable has the ability to block interference and does not depend on a
physical shield for this purpose. It is used for telephonic applications.
Advantages:
 Least expensive
 Easy to install
 High speed capacity

Disadvantages:
 Susceptible to external interference
 Lower capacity and performance in comparison to STP
 Short distance transmission due to attenuation

2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):


This type of cable consists of a special jacket to block external interference. It is
used in fast-data-rate Ethernet and in voice and data channels of telephone lines.
Advantages:
 Better performance at a higher data rate in comparison to UTP
 Eliminates crosstalk
 Comparatively faster

Disadvantages:
 Comparatively difficult to install and manufacture
 More expensive
 Bulky
(ii) Coaxial Cable –

It has an outer plastic covering containing 2 parallel conductors each having a separate
insulated protection cover. Coaxial cable transmits information in two modes: Baseband
mode(dedicated cable bandwidth) and Broadband mode(cable bandwidth is split into
separate ranges). Cable TVs and analog television networks widely use Coaxial cables.
Advantages:
 High Bandwidth
 Better noise Immunity
 Easy to install and expand
 Inexpensive

Disadvantages:
 Single cable failure can disrupt the entire network

(iii) Optical Fiber Cable –


It uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made up of glass or plastic. The
core is surrounded by a less dense glass or plastic covering called the cladding. It is
used for transmission of large volumes of data.
Advantages:
 Increased capacity and bandwidth
 Light weight
 Less signal attenuation
 Immunity to electromagnetic interference
 Resistance to corrosive materials

Disadvantages:
 Difficult to install and maintain
 High cost
 Fragile
 unidirectional, ie, will need another fiber, if we need bidirectional communication
2. Unguided Media:
It is also referred to as Wireless or Unbounded transmission media. No physical
medium is required for the transmission of electromagnetic signals.
Features:
 Signal is broadcasted through air
 Less Secure
 Used for larger distances

There are 3 major types of Unguided Media:


(i) Radio waves –

These are easy to generate and can penetrate through buildings. The sending and
receiving antennas need not be aligned. Frequency Range:3KHz – 1GHz. AM and FM
radios and cordless phones use Radio waves for transmission.
Further Categorized as (i) Terrestrial and (ii) Satellite.
(ii) Microwaves –

It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to be
properly aligned with each other. The distance covered by the signal is directly
proportional to the height of the antenna. Frequency Range:1GHz – 300GHz. These are
majorly used for mobile phone communication and television distribution.

(iii) Infrared –

Infrared waves are used for very short distance communication. They cannot penetrate
through obstacles. This prevents interference between systems. Frequency
Range:300GHz – 400THz. It is used in TV remotes, wireless mouse, keyboard, printer,
etc.
Crimp UTP cable
This requires:

RJ45 connector

An ethernet cable (UTP CAT 5/6)

A crimping tool
1. Bring the wires in the correct order and cut the wires straight

2. Push the wires into the connector


3. Squeeze the connector

YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvP0D0jiyLg

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